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| image = Flag of Massachusetts.svg
| image = Flag of Massachusetts.svg
| image_size = 220
| image_size = 220
| caption =
| caption =
| dates = August 29, 1861 – July 28, 1865
| dates = August 29, 1861 – July 28, 1865
| country = {{Flag|United States of America|1861}}
| country = {{Flag|United States of America|1861}}
| allegiance = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| allegiance = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
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| size = 1,978
| size = 1,978
| command_structure = In 1863: 3rd Brigade ([[Norman J. Hall|Hall's]]), 2nd Division ([[John Gibbon|Gibbon's]]), [[II Corps (Union Army)|II Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]]
| command_structure = In 1863: 3rd Brigade ([[Norman J. Hall|Hall's]]), 2nd Division ([[John Gibbon|Gibbon's]]), [[II Corps (Union Army)|II Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]]
| garrison =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| garrison_label =
| nickname = "The Harvard Regiment"
| nickname = "The Harvard Regiment"
| patron =
| patron =
| motto =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors =
| colors_label =
| colors_label =
| march =
| march =
| mascot =
| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| decorations =
| battle_honours = <!-- Notable Commanders -->
| battle_honours = <!-- Notable Commanders -->
| notable_commanders = Col. [[Paul J. Revere]]<br />Col. [[William Raymond Lee|William R. Lee]]<br/>Lt. [[Henry Livermore Abbott|Henry L. Abbott]]
| notable_commanders = Col. [[Paul J. Revere]]<br />Col. [[William Raymond Lee|William R. Lee]]<br />Lt. [[Henry Livermore Abbott|Henry L. Abbott]]
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol = [[File:IIcorpsbadge2.png|120px]]
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol = [[File:IIcorpsbadge2.png|120px]]
| identification_symbol_label = II Corps (2nd Division) badge
| identification_symbol_label = II Corps (2nd Division) badge
}}
}}
{{Military unit sidebar
| title = Massachusetts U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous =[[19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment]]
| next =[[21st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment]]
}}
[[File:20 Mass. Infantry - Revere, Feirson, Bryant, Lee, Palfrey, Folsom, Hayward - DPLA - 3487dad96be24d326c43e0648d7ff9ef (page 1).jpg|thumb|right|20 Mass. Infantry - Revere, Feirson, Bryant, Lee, Palfrey, Folsom, Hayward, ca. 1859–1870]]
[[Image:Roxbury Puddingstone 20th Mass monument.jpg|thumb|Monument to the 20th Massachusetts Infantry on the Gettysburg battlefield; [[Roxbury Conglomerate]].]]
[[Image:Roxbury Puddingstone 20th Mass monument.jpg|thumb|Monument to the 20th Massachusetts Infantry on the Gettysburg battlefield; [[Roxbury Conglomerate]].]]

The '''20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry''', also known as the "Harvard Regiment," was a regiment of infantry in the [[American Civil War]]. The regiment was so nicknamed because the officers of the 20th were young [[Harvard]] graduates.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1254-1255}}<ref>Richard F. Miller, ''Harvard's Civil War''. (Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England,2005)</ref> In addition, some, but not all, of the private soldiers had attended Harvard. The 20th was organized at [[Camp Meigs]] in [[Readville, Massachusetts|Readville]], August 29 to September 4, 1861. After training they left [[Massachusetts]] for [[Washington, D. C.]], September 4. They would fight until the war's conclusion being mustered out on July 16 and discharged July 28, 1865.<ref name=Regiments>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/regiments.cfm Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410173040/http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/regiments.cfm |date=2008-04-10 }}. [[National Park Service]]. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.</ref>
The '''20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry''', also known as the "Harvard Regiment", was a regiment of infantry in the [[American Civil War]]. The regiment was so nicknamed because the officers of the 20th were young [[Harvard]] graduates.{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1p=1254-1255|2a1=Miller|2y=2005|2p=16-19}} In addition, some, but not all, of the private soldiers had attended Harvard. The 20th was organized at [[Camp Meigs]] in [[Readville, Massachusetts|Readville]], August 29 to September 4, 1861. After training they left [[Massachusetts]] for [[Washington, D. C.]], September 4. They would fight until the war's conclusion being mustered out on July 16 and discharged July 28, 1865.{{sfnp|NPS 20th Massachusetts}} Fogel et al's Union Army Data urban sample suggests perhaps as many as two-thirds of the regiment's enlisted were immigrants with Irish immigrants making up half of the regiment's total.{{sfnp|NBER Union Army Data-Urban}}


== Brigade, divisional and corps attachments ==
== Brigade, divisional and corps attachments ==
Attached to Lander's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October, 1861. Lander's Brigade, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, [[Army of the Potomac]], to March, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, to July, 1865.<ref name=Regiments />
Attached to Lander's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October, 1861.{{sfnp|Higginson|1896|p=269}} Lander's Brigade, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, [[Army of the Potomac]], to March, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1864.{{sfnmp|1a1=Catton|1y=1985|1p=115|2a1=Miller|2y=2005|2p=187-194}} 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, to July, 1865.{{sfnp|NPS 20th Massachusetts}}


== Battles ==
== Battles ==
With the exception of [[First Battle of Bull Run|First Bull Run]], the 20th participated in all of the major battles and many of the smaller battles fought by the Army of the Potomac. Their baptism of fire occurred at [[Battle of Ball's Bluff|Ball's Bluff]] on October 21, 1861. Other battles included the [[Seven Days Battles|Seven Days]], [[Antietam]], [[Battle of Fredericksburg|Fredericksburg]], [[Battle of Chancellorsville|Chancellorsville]], [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]], the [[Battle of the Wilderness|Wilderness]], [[Spotsylvania Court House]], the [[Siege of Petersburg]], and the [[Battle of Appomattox Courthouse|Appomattox]] Campaign.<ref name=Regiments />
With the exception of [[First Battle of Bull Run|First Bull Run]], the 20th participated in all of the major battles and many of the smaller battles fought by the Army of the Potomac. Their baptism of fire occurred at [[Battle of Ball's Bluff|Ball's Bluff]] on October 21, 1861.{{sfnp|Bowen|1889|p=312-313}} Other battles included the [[Seven Days Battles|Seven Days]], [[Antietam]], [[Battle of Fredericksburg|Fredericksburg]], [[Battle of Chancellorsville|Chancellorsville]], [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]], the [[Battle of the Wilderness|Wilderness]], [[Spotsylvania Court House]], the [[Siege of Petersburg]], and the [[Battle of Appomattox Courthouse|Appomattox]] Campaign.{{sfnp|NPS 20th Massachusetts}}


== Casualties ==
== Casualties ==
Line 43: Line 50:


== Notable members ==
== Notable members ==
*[[Henry Livermore Abbott|Henry L. Abbott]]
* [[Henry Livermore Abbott|Henry L. Abbott]]{{sfnp|Johnson (1906), Vol. I, Abbe–Browne|p=21}}
*[[William Francis Bartlett|William Bartlett]]
* [[William Francis Bartlett|William Bartlett]]{{sfnp|Johnson (1906), Vol. I, Abbe–Browne|p=225-226}}
*[[Joseph Hayes (general)|Joseph Hayes]]
* [[Joseph Hayes (general)|Joseph Hayes]]
*[[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]]
* [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.]]
*[[Norwood Penrose Hallowell|Norwood "Pen" Hallowell]]
* [[Norwood Penrose Hallowell|Norwood "Pen" Hallowell]]
*[[Edward Needles Hallowell]]
* [[Edward Needles Hallowell]]
*[[William Raymond Lee]]
* [[William Raymond Lee]]
*[[Francis Winthrop Palfrey]]
* [[Francis Winthrop Palfrey]]
*[[Paul Joseph Revere]]
* [[Paul Joseph Revere]]
*[[Henry Martyn Tremlett]]
* [[Henry Martyn Tremlett]]


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Massachusetts in the Civil War]]
* [[Massachusetts in the Civil War]]


==Notes==
==References==
<!--===Footnotes===
{{NoteFoot|50em}}-->

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==References==
===Sources===
{{refbegin |50em}}
* {{cite book |title=Massachusetts in the War, 1861–1865 |last=Bowen |first=James L. |year=1889 |place=Springfield, Massachusetts |publisher=Clark W. Bryan & Co |pages=311-326|oclc=1986476 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K0tLhkfW1wwC }}
* {{cite book |last= Bowen |first= James L |title= Massachusetts in the War 1861–1865 |date=1889 |location=Springfield, MA |publisher=Clark W. Bryan & Co |pages=311–326 |oclc=1986476 |edition=1st |language=en |format=PDF |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K0tLhkfW1wwC| access-date=August 8, 2015| url-access = registration }}
* {{cite book |title=The Civil War |last=Catton |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Catton |year=2004 |orig-year=1960 |place=New York |publisher=American Heritage, Inc |isbn=0-618-00187-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSOwSO5l5OUC }}
* {{cite book | last=Dyer | first=Frederick Henry | author-link=Frederick H. Dyer | title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion | publisher=Dyer Pub. Co. | place=[[Des Moines, IA]] | date=1908 | asin=B01BUFJ76Q | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OBkNAQAAMAAJ/page/1254/mode/1up?view=theater | format=PDF | access-date=August 8, 2015 | pages=1254–1255}}
* {{cite book |title=The Civil War |last=Catton |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Catton |date=1985| series=American Heritage Library |orig-year=1960 |location=New York |publisher=American Heritage, Inc |url=https://archive.org/details/civilwar00catt_0 |isbn=9780828103053 |oclc=11786425| access-date=August 8, 2015| url-access = registration}}
* {{cite book| last=Dyer| first=Frederick Henry| author-link=Frederick H. Dyer| title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion| publisher=Dyer Pub. Co.| location=[[Des Moines, IA]]| date=1908| asin=B01BUFJ76Q| url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OBkNAQAAMAAJ/page/1254/mode/1up?view=theater |edition=1st |language=en |format= PDF| access-date=August 8, 2015| url-access = registration| pages=1254–1255}}
⚫
* {{ cite book| url = https://archive.org/details/massachusettsinr02head/page/n8/mode/2up| title = Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861-65, 8 Volumes|last=Higginson|first=Thomas Wentworth|| publisher = Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers| location = Boston, MA| year = 1896| isbn = | oclc = 1049652105| url-access = registration }}
* {{cite dictionary |editor-last = Johnson |editor-first = Rossiter |editor-link = Rossiter Johnson |title = Vol. I |dictionary = [[The Biographical Dictionary of America]] |year = 1906 |volume = 1 |pages=484 |location= Boston, MA |publisher = American Biographical Society |url =https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict01johnuoft/mode/1up?view=theater |id=13960-t1jh3jn1z |oclc=848266989 |edition=Library |language=en |format= PDF|access-date = October 26, 2020| ref={{sfnref|Johnson (1906), Vol. I, Abbe–Browne}} }}
⚫
* {{ cite book| title = Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861-65, 8 Volumes|last=Higginson|first=Thomas Wentworth| publisher = Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers| location = Boston, MA| date = 1896| isbn =| oclc = 1049652105| url = https://archive.org/details/massachusettsinr02head/page/n8/mode/2up |access-date=February 15, 2008| url-access = registration| pages=269–274}}
* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Richard F. |title=Harvard's Civil War: A History of the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry |edition=1st |isbn=9781584655053|oclc=60515104 |date=2005|url=https://archive.org/details/harvardscivilwar00rich |access-date=February 15, 2008| url-access = registration}}
* {{cite web| url=https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UMA0020RI |title=20th Regiment, Massachusetts Infantry (U.S. National Park Service)| website=nps.gov| date=January 19, 2007| publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]| access-date=February 15, 2008| ref={{sfnref|NPS 20th Massachusetts}} }}
* {{cite web| url=https://www.nber.org/research/data/union-army-data-urban |title=Union Army Data-Urban (Robert W Fogel, Dora L Costa, Hoyt Bleakley, Louis Cain, Sok Chul Hong, Chulhee Lee, Sven Wilson, Louis Nguyen, Joseph Burton, Noelle Yetter, and Carlos Villarreal)| website=nber.org| date=2015| publisher=[[The National Bureau of Economic Research]]| access-date=April 13, 2021| ref={{sfnref|NBER Union Army Data-Urban}} }}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=sh&GRid=5136252& Pvt of 20th Mass killed in 1863]
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=sh&GRid=5136252& Pvt of 20th Mass killed in 1863]
* {{Internet Archive|00574924.3346.emory.edu|Memoir of William Francis Bartlett (1878)}}
* {{Internet Archive|00574924.3346.emory.edu|Memoir of William Francis Bartlett (1878)}}
* {{Internet Archive|02619701.3247.emory.edu|The Twentieth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865 (1906)}}
* {{Internet Archive|02619701.3247.emory.edu|The Twentieth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1865 (1906)}}


[[Category:Units and formations of the Union Army from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]

Latest revision as of 00:24, 1 November 2024

20th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
ActiveAugust 29, 1861 – July 28, 1865
Country United States of America
AllegianceUnion
BranchUnited States Army
TypeInfantry
Size1,978
Part ofIn 1863: 3rd Brigade (Hall's), 2nd Division (Gibbon's), II Corps, Army of the Potomac
Nickname(s)"The Harvard Regiment"
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Col. Paul J. Revere
Col. William R. Lee
Lt. Henry L. Abbott
Insignia
II Corps (2nd Division) badge
Massachusetts U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
Previous Next
19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment 21st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
20 Mass. Infantry - Revere, Feirson, Bryant, Lee, Palfrey, Folsom, Hayward, ca. 1859–1870
Monument to the 20th Massachusetts Infantry on the Gettysburg battlefield; Roxbury Conglomerate.

The 20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, also known as the "Harvard Regiment", was a regiment of infantry in the American Civil War. The regiment was so nicknamed because the officers of the 20th were young Harvard graduates.[1] In addition, some, but not all, of the private soldiers had attended Harvard. The 20th was organized at Camp Meigs in Readville, August 29 to September 4, 1861. After training they left Massachusetts for Washington, D. C., September 4. They would fight until the war's conclusion being mustered out on July 16 and discharged July 28, 1865.[2] Fogel et al's Union Army Data urban sample suggests perhaps as many as two-thirds of the regiment's enlisted were immigrants with Irish immigrants making up half of the regiment's total.[3]

Brigade, divisional and corps attachments

[edit]

Attached to Lander's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October, 1861.[4] Lander's Brigade, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March, 1864.[5] 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Army Corps, to July, 1865.[2]

Battles

[edit]

With the exception of First Bull Run, the 20th participated in all of the major battles and many of the smaller battles fought by the Army of the Potomac. Their baptism of fire occurred at Ball's Bluff on October 21, 1861.[6] Other battles included the Seven Days, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, the Siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox Campaign.[2]

Casualties

[edit]

The 20th regiment lost 17 officers and 243 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded, and one officer and 148 enlisted men from disease. The total casualties were 409. The regiment ranks first among Massachusetts regiments and fifth among Union regiments in total casualties.[7]

Notable members

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Dyer (1908), p. 1254-1255; Miller (2005), p. 16-19.
  2. ^ a b c NPS 20th Massachusetts.
  3. ^ NBER Union Army Data-Urban.
  4. ^ Higginson (1896), p. 269.
  5. ^ Catton (1985), p. 115; Miller (2005), p. 187-194.
  6. ^ Bowen (1889), p. 312-313.
  7. ^ "The Harvard Regiment". Retrieved on 2008-02-15
  8. ^ Johnson (1906), Vol. I, Abbe–Browne, p. 21.
  9. ^ Johnson (1906), Vol. I, Abbe–Browne, p. 225-226.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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