Jump to content

Climbing gourami: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 833752264 by Couiros22 (talk)
m added a link to a wikipedia article for bubble nests (foam nests)
 
(40 intermediate revisions by 25 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Family of fishes}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Climbing fish
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|26|0}} Late Oligocene to Recent
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|26|0}} Late Oligocene to Recent
| image = AnabasScandens.png
| image = Anabas testudineus Day.png
| image_caption = ''[[Anabas testudineus]]''
| image_caption = ''[[Anabas testudineus]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Anabantidae
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1831<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
⚫
| subdivision = see text
| ordo = [[Anabantiformes]]
| subordo = [[Anabantoidei]]
| familia = '''Anabantidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1831
| subdivision_ranks = Genera<ref>{{FishBase family | family = Anabantidae| month = December | year = 2012}}</ref>
⚫
| subdivision =
''[[Anabas]]''<br/>
''[[Ctenopoma]]''<br/>
''[[Microctenopoma]]''<br/>
''[[Sandelia]]''<br/>
''†[[Eoanabas]]''
}}
}}


The '''Anabantidae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[perciform]] [[fish]] commonly called the '''climbing gouramies''' or '''climbing perches'''. The family includes about 34 species. As [[Anabantoidei|labyrinth fishes]], they possess a [[labyrinth organ]], a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric [[oxygen]]. Fish of this family are commonly seen gulping at air at the surface of the water. The air is held in a structure called the suprabranchial chamber, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream via the respiratory epithelium covering the labyrinth organ. This therefore allows the fish to move small distances across land.
The '''Anabantidae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[ray-finned fish]] within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Anabantiformes]] commonly called the '''climbing gouramies''' or '''climbing perches'''.<ref name = FBF>{{FishBase family | family = Anabantidae| month = August | year = 2019}}</ref> The family includes about 34 species. As [[Anabantoidei|labyrinth fishes]], they possess a [[labyrinth organ]], a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric [[oxygen]]. Fish of this family are commonly seen gulping at air at the surface of the water. The air is held in a structure called the suprabranchial chamber, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream via the respiratory epithelium covering the labyrinth organ. This therefore allows the fish to move small distances across land.
[[Image:AnabasLyd.jpg|thumb|left|Climbing perch (''Anabas testudineus'') on land]]
[[Image:AnabasLyd.jpg|thumb|left|Climbing perch (''[[Anabas testudineus]]'') on land]]


==Genera==
Of the four genera, ''[[Anabas]]'' is found from [[South Asia]] (they are called (Tamil: Senna meenu) '' chemballi'' (Malayalam: urulan sugu/Karippidi) in [[Kerala]], ''kau'' (odia) in [[Odisha]], India, ''kawaiya'' in [[Sri Lanka]]), east to China and [[Southeast Asia]]. The remaining three genera are all restricted to Africa. They are primarily [[Fresh water|freshwater]] fishes and only very rarely are found in [[brackish]] water. As egg-layers, they typically guard their [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] and young.
There are four extant genera within the family Anabantidae:<ref name = FBF/>


* ''[[Anabas]]'' <small>[[Hippolyte Cloquet|Cloquet]], 1816</small>
⚫
Climbing gouramis are so named due to their ability to "climb" out of water and "walk" short distances. Even though it has not been reliably observed, some authors have mentioned about them having a tree climbing ability. Their method of terrestrial locomotion uses the gill plates as supports, and the fish pushes itself using its fins and tail.
* ''[[Ctenopoma]]'' <small>[[Wilhelm Peters|Peters]], 1844</small>
* ''[[Microctenopoma]]'' <small>[[Steven Mark Norris|Norris]], 1995</small>
* ''[[Sandelia]]'' <small>([[Francis de Laporte de Castelnau|Castelnau]], 1861)</small>

There is also at least one extinct genus known:<ref name = Eoanabas>{{cite journal | title = Fossil climbing perch and associated plant megafossils indicate a warm and wet central Tibet during the late Oligocene | author1 = Feixiang Wu | author2 = Desui Miao | author3 = Mee-mann Chang | author4 = Gongle Shi | author5 = Ning Wang | name-list-style = amp | year = 2017 | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 7 | issue = 878 | pages = 878 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-017-00928-9| pmid = 28408764 | pmc = 5429824 }}</ref>

* †''[[Eoanabas]]'' <small>Wu, Chang, Miao ''et al'', 2016</small>

Of the four genera, ''[[Anabas]]'' are the only climbing gouramies found in [[South Asia]]. They are widely distributed and are found in countries including [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[China]]. Climbing gouramies have distinct names in numerous South Asian languages. In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], they are பனையேறி கெண்டை (''panaieri kendai''); in [[Malayalam]], ''chemballi''; in [[Odia language|Odia]], they are କଉ ମାଛ (''kau''); in [[Assamese language|Assamese]] they are কাৱৈ মাছ (''kawoi maas''); in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], they are কই মাছ (''koi mach'').

The remaining three genera are endemic to Africa: ''Ctenopoma'' and ''Microctenopoma'' are primarily found in the [[Congo Basin]], whereas ''Sandelia'' are endemic to the [[Eastern Cape|Eastern]] and [[Western Cape]]s of South Africa. Anabantidae are primarily [[freshwater fish]] and only very rarely are found in [[brackish]] water. Parental care is varied; ''Anabas'' and ''Ctenopoma'' do not tend their [[Egg (biology)|eggs]], ''Microctenopoma'' species produce [[Bubble nest|bubble nests]] like many other [[labyrinth fish]], and ''Sandelia'' lays their eggs on the substrate.

⚫
Climbing gouramis are so named due to their ability to "climb" out of water and "walk" short distances. Even though it has not been reliably observed, some authors have mentioned about them having a tree climbing ability.{{Citation needed|reason=What authors?|date=June 2018}} Their method of terrestrial locomotion uses the gill plates as supports, and the fish pushes itself using its fins and tail.


== References ==
== References ==
Line 35: Line 39:


{{Taxonbar|from=Q797543}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q797543}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Anabantidae|*]]
[[Category:Anabantidae|*]]
Line 42: Line 47:
[[Category:Amphibious fish]]
[[Category:Amphibious fish]]
[[Category:Extant Chattian first appearances]]
[[Category:Extant Chattian first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]

Latest revision as of 05:15, 1 November 2024

Climbing gourami
Temporal range: 26–0 Ma Late Oligocene to Recent
Anabas testudineus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Anabantiformes
Family: Anabantidae
Bonaparte, 1831[1]
Genera

see text

The Anabantidae are a family of ray-finned fish within the order Anabantiformes commonly called the climbing gouramies or climbing perches.[2] The family includes about 34 species. As labyrinth fishes, they possess a labyrinth organ, a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric oxygen. Fish of this family are commonly seen gulping at air at the surface of the water. The air is held in a structure called the suprabranchial chamber, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream via the respiratory epithelium covering the labyrinth organ. This therefore allows the fish to move small distances across land.

Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) on land

Genera

[edit]

There are four extant genera within the family Anabantidae:[2]

There is also at least one extinct genus known:[3]

Of the four genera, Anabas are the only climbing gouramies found in South Asia. They are widely distributed and are found in countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and China. Climbing gouramies have distinct names in numerous South Asian languages. In Tamil, they are பனையேறி கெண்டை (panaieri kendai); in Malayalam, chemballi; in Odia, they are କଉ ମାଛ (kau); in Assamese they are কাৱৈ মাছ (kawoi maas); in Bengali, they are কই মাছ (koi mach).

The remaining three genera are endemic to Africa: Ctenopoma and Microctenopoma are primarily found in the Congo Basin, whereas Sandelia are endemic to the Eastern and Western Capes of South Africa. Anabantidae are primarily freshwater fish and only very rarely are found in brackish water. Parental care is varied; Anabas and Ctenopoma do not tend their eggs, Microctenopoma species produce bubble nests like many other labyrinth fish, and Sandelia lays their eggs on the substrate.

Climbing gouramis are so named due to their ability to "climb" out of water and "walk" short distances. Even though it has not been reliably observed, some authors have mentioned about them having a tree climbing ability.[citation needed] Their method of terrestrial locomotion uses the gill plates as supports, and the fish pushes itself using its fins and tail.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Anabantidae". FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ Feixiang Wu; Desui Miao; Mee-mann Chang; Gongle Shi & Ning Wang (2017). "Fossil climbing perch and associated plant megafossils indicate a warm and wet central Tibet during the late Oligocene". Scientific Reports. 7 (878): 878. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00928-9. PMC 5429824. PMID 28408764.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Climbing_gourami&oldid=1254687721"