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Coordinates: 42°36′N 19°56′E / 42.6°N 19.94°E / 42.6; 19.94
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<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{MNE}}
|subdivision_name = [[Montenegro]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Montenegro|Municipality]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Statistical regions of Montenegro|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File:Coat of arms of Plav.png|15px]] [[Plav Municipality|Plav]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northern Montenegro|Northern]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Montenegro|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Plav Municipality|Plav]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset = +1
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| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| population_as_of = 2011 census
| government_type = [[#Administration|Mayor-Assembly]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Nihad Canović ([[Social Democrats of Montenegro|SD]])|
| leader_name = Nihad Canović ([[Social Democrats of Montenegro|SD]])|
| leader_title1 = Ruling&nbsp;party
| leader_name1 = [[Social Democrats of Montenegro|SD]] – [[Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro|DPS]] – [[Bosniak Party|BS]] – [[Albanian Alternative|AA]]
| area_total_km2 = 328
| area_total_km2 = 328
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
Line 54: Line 55:
}}
}}


'''Plav''' ({{lang-cyrl|Плав}}; {{lang-sq|Plavë}}) is a town in Polimlje region in north-eastern [[Montenegro]]. It has a population of 3,717 (2011 census). Plav is the centre of [[Plav Municipality]] (population of 9,081 following the formation of [[Gusinje Municipality]]).
'''Plav''' ({{langx|cnr|Плав}}; {{langx|sq|Plavë}}) is a town located in the [[Northern Montenegro|Northern Region]] of [[Montenegro]], situated along the [[Lim (river)|Lim River]], which originates from nearby [[Lake Plav]], a glacial lake at the foot of the [[Prokletije|Prokletije mountains]]. It has a population of 3,717 (2011 census). Plav is the centre of [[Plav Municipality]] with a population of 9,050.


==Name==
==Name==
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==Geography==
==Geography==
Plav is located at the foot of the [[Accursed Mountains]] range, adjacent to the springs of the river [[Lim River|Lim]].<ref name="Djukanovic">{{cite book |last1=Djukanovic |first1=Bojka |title=Historical Dictionary of Montenegro |date=2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781538139158 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgmmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA299}}</ref>
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
Plav is located at the foot of the [[Accursed Mountains]] range, adjacent to the springs of the river [[Lim River|Lim]].


The area contains many lakes and the most known is [[Lake Plav]], one of the largest in this region. The lakes Hrid and [[Lake Visitor|Visitor]] are mountain lakes, and Visitor is noted for its [[floating island]].
The area contains many lakes and the most known is [[Lake Plav]], one of the largest in this region.<ref name="Djukanovic" /> The lakes Hrid and [[Lake Visitor|Visitor]] are mountain lakes, and Visitor is noted for its [[floating island]].


Plav is also renowned for its [[karst]] wells, among which are [[Ali Pasha of Gucia]] Springs and Oko Skakavica. Villages in the municipality include Gusinje.
Plav is also renowned for its [[karst]] wells, among which are [[Ali Pasha of Gucia]] Springs and Oko Skakavica. Villages in the municipality include Gusinje.
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The Ottoman census organised in 1582-83 registered the Plav [[nahiyah]] within the [[Sanjak of Scutari]] with 18 villages; according to historian [[Milan Vasić]] all inhabitants had personal names with a Slavic character, and no Muslim name was present.<ref>{{Citation |last=Vasić |first=Milan |author-link=Milan Vasić |title=Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990|year=1991 |language=sh|oclc=29549273|chapter=Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine |chapter-url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/mvasic-defteri_l.php }}</ref>{{quotation needed|date=January 2022}}
The Ottoman census organised in 1582-83 registered the Plav [[nahiyah]] within the [[Sanjak of Scutari]] with 18 villages; according to historian [[Milan Vasić]] all inhabitants had personal names with a Slavic character, and no Muslim name was present.<ref>{{Citation |last=Vasić |first=Milan |author-link=Milan Vasić |title=Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990|year=1991 |language=sh|oclc=29549273|chapter=Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine |chapter-url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-al/zbornik1990/mvasic-defteri_l.php }}</ref>{{quotation needed|date=January 2022}}


According to a 16th-century travel record by [[Antonio Bruni (merchant)|Antonio Bruni]], the inhabitants of the Plav region are partly Albanian and partly Serbian, with a large proportion belonging to historical Albanian and Montenegrin tribes such as the [[Piperi (tribe)|Piperi]], [[Kuči]], [[Kelmendi (tribe)|Kelmendi]], and [[Bjelopavlići]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ti7wDwAAQBAJ|title=Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians|date=2020-07-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-259923-0|pages=54 |language=en}}</ref>
According to a 16th-century travel record by [[Antonio Bruni (merchant)|Antonio Bruni]], the inhabitants of the Plav region are partly Albanian and partly Serbian, with a large proportion belonging to historical Albanian and Montenegrin tribes such as the [[Piperi (tribe)|Piperi]], [[Kuči]], [[Kelmendi (tribe)|Kelmendi]], and [[Bjelopavlići|Palabardhi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ti7wDwAAQBAJ|title=Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians|date=2020-07-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-259923-0|pages=54 |language=en}}</ref>


After the Serbian-Venetian nobleman [[Mariano Bolizza]] in Cattaro (Kotor), who wrote the Relazione e descrizione del sangiacato di Scutari ("Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari") in 1614 Plav was mostly inhabited by Albanians under the command of Sem Zaus (Cem Çaushi) of Podgorica.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bolizza |first=Mariano |author-link=Mariano Bolizza |title=Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sHmTRCEe7kC&q=Report+and+Description+of+the+Sanjak+of+Shkodra&pg=PA130|isbn=9783447047838 |year=2003 }}</ref>
After the Venetian nobleman [[Mariano Bolizza]] in Cattaro (Kotor), who wrote the Relazione e descrizione del sangiacato di Scutari ("Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari") in 1614 Plav was mostly inhabited by Albanians under the command of Sem Zaus (Cem Çaushi) of Podgorica.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bolizza |first=Mariano |author-link=Mariano Bolizza |title=Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sHmTRCEe7kC&q=Report+and+Description+of+the+Sanjak+of+Shkodra&pg=PA130|isbn=9783447047838 |year=2003 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag }}</ref>


The two strongest feudal families in the [[Plav Municipality|Plav]]-[[Gusinje Municipality|Gusinje]] region (~90&nbsp;km to the northeast of Gruemirë) trace their origin to [[Gruemiri]]. The Rexhepagaj of Plav, Montenegro (now, Redžepagić-Rexhepagiqi) moved to Plav in the beginning of the 1650s where their ancestor took the Muslim name ''Veli'' when he converted. [[Rexhep Aga]] who gave the name to the family was a great-great-grandson of Veli. The Shabanagaj (now also known as Šabanagić) were related via marriage with the [[Bushati family]] of [[Shkodra]]. Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of [[Süleyman, sanjak-bey of Scutari|Sulejman Pasha Bushati]], [[sanjakbey]] of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690.{{sfn|Dedushaj|1993|p=53}} The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in [[Berane Municipality|Berane]]. [[Ali Pasha of Gusinje]], commander of the [[League of Prizren]] was a Shabanagaj and [[Jashar Rexhepagiq]], pedagogue in Kosovo, was a Rexhepagaj.
The two strongest feudal families in the [[Plav Municipality|Plav]]-[[Gusinje Municipality|Gusinje]] region (~90&nbsp;km to the northeast of Gruemirë) trace their origin to [[Gruemiri]]. The Rexhepagaj of Plav, Montenegro (now, Redžepagić-Rexhepagiqi) moved to Plav in the beginning of the 1650s where their ancestor took the Muslim name ''Veli'' when he converted. [[Rexhep Aga]] who gave the name to the family was a great-great-grandson of Veli. The Shabanagaj (now also known as Šabanagić) were related via marriage with the [[Bushati family]] of [[Shkodra]]. Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of [[Süleyman, sanjak-bey of Scutari|Sulejman Pasha Bushati]], [[sanjakbey]] of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690.{{sfn|Dedushaj|1993|p=53}} The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in [[Berane Municipality|Berane]]. [[Ali Pasha of Gusinje]], commander of the [[League of Prizren]] was a Shabanagaj and [[Jashar Rexhepagiq]], pedagogue in Kosovo, was a Rexhepagaj.
Many other families in Plav also trace their origin to different historical tribes who migrated to the area. The Ferri (Ferović), Kërcaj (Krcić), Kuçi (Kuč), Medunaj (Medunanjin), Shabaj (Šabović), Toskaj (Toskić) descend from [[Kuči (tribe)|Kuči/Kuçi]]; the Canaj (Canović), Musajt (Musič), Rekaj (Reković), Mekuli (Mekulović) and Rugova (Rugovac) descend from [[Kelmendi (tribe)|Kelmendi]]; the Shahmanaj (Šahmanović) from [[Triepshi (tribe)|Triesh]]; the Begani (Beganović), Kasumi (Kasumović), Shalunaj (Šaljunović) from [[Shala (tribe)|Shala]]; Basha (Bašič) and Hoxhaj (Hodžić) from [[Berisha (tribe)|Berisha]]; the Kastrat and Hot families from [[Kastrati (tribe)|Kastrati]] and [[Hoti (tribe)|Hoti]] respectively.{{sfn|Dedushaj|1993|p=47}}
Many other families in Plav also trace their origin to different historical tribes who migrated to the area. The Ferri (Ferović), Kërcaj (Krcić), Kuçi (Kuč), Medunaj (Medunanjin), Shabaj (Šabović), Toskaj (Toskić) descend from [[Kuči (tribe)|Kuči/Kuçi]]; the Canaj (Canović), Musajt (Musić), Rekaj (Reković), Mekuli (Mekulović) and Rugova (Rugovac) descend from [[Kelmendi (tribe)|Kelmendi]]; the Shahmanaj (Šahmanović) from [[Triepshi (tribe)|Triesh]]; the Begani (Beganović), Kasumi (Kasumović), Shalunaj (Šaljunović) from [[Shala (tribe)|Shala]]; Basha (Bašić) and Hoxhaj (Hodžić) from [[Berisha (tribe)|Berisha]]; the Kastrat and Hot families from [[Kastrati (tribe)|Kastrati]] and [[Hoti (tribe)|Hoti]] respectively.{{sfn|Dedushaj|1993|p=47}}


In 1675 [[Evliya Çelebi]] who visited Plav during this time, described it as a "lively Albanian town".
⚫
In 1878, following the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]], the city of Plav was ceded to Montenegro by the Ottoman Empire despite being considered by Albanian leaders as Albanian territory.Soon after however, armed resistance by the forces of the [[League of Prizren]] and their victory against Montenegrin troops at [[Battle of Novšiće]] (1879) prevented the implementation. Ottomans had to cede [[Ulcinj]] to Montenegro after pressure from the [[Great Powers]] in 1881. Plav onlybecame part of Montenegro after the [[First Balkan War]] in 1912.<ref name="Gawrych496163">{{harvnb|Gawrych|2006|pp=49, 61–63.}}</ref>
⚫
In 1878, following the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]], the city of Plav was ceded to Montenegro by the Ottoman Empire despite being considered by Albanian leaders as Albanian territory. Soon after however, armed resistance by the forces of the [[League of Prizren]] and their victory against Montenegrin troops at [[Battle of Novšiće]] (1879) prevented the implementation. Ottomans had to cede [[Ulcinj]] to Montenegro after pressure from the [[Great Powers]] in 1881. Plav only became part of Montenegro after the [[First Balkan War]] in 1912.<ref name="Gawrych496163">{{harvnb|Gawrych|2006|pp=49, 61–63.}}</ref>


The entry of the Montenegrin army in 1912-13 and the Yugoslav army after 1919 in Plav-Gusinje was accompanied by repressive policies against the local population.The Montenegrin army captured the region and entered Plav on 19 October and 20 October. Its entry was followed by a [[Plav-Gusinje massacres (1912-13)|period of harsh military administration]] which until March 1913 had caused up to more than 1,800 killings of mostly local Muslim Albanians and 12,000 forced conversions to Christian Orthodoxy.<ref name="Milosevic">{{harvnb|Milosević|2013}}</ref>
The entry of the Montenegrin army in 1912-13 and the Yugoslav army after 1919 in Plav-Gusinje was accompanied by repressive policies against the local population. The Montenegrin army captured the region and entered Plav on 19 October and 20 October. Its entry was followed by a [[Plav-Gusinje massacres (1912-13)|period of harsh military administration]] which until March 1913 had caused up to more than 1,800 killings of mostly local Muslim Albanians and 12,000 forced conversions to Christian Orthodoxy.<ref name="Milosevic">{{harvnb|Milosević|2013}}</ref>


In 1919, an Albanian revolt, which later came to be known as the ''Plav rebellion'' rose up in the Plav, Gusinje and Rozaje districts, fighting against the inclusion of [[Sandzak]] in the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].{{sfn|Morrison|2018|p=56}}<ref>Giuseppe Motta, [http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/59407 Less than Nations: Central-Eastern European Minorities after WWI, Volume 1 ], Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, p. 11</ref><ref>Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6RveDmHbIv8C&q=Region%2C+Regional+Identity+and+Regionalism+in+Southeastern+Europe%2C+Part+1 Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Part 1], LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, p. 221</ref> As a result, during the Serbian army's second occupation of Plav, which took place in 1919, Serb forces attacked Albanian populations in Plav and Gusinje, which had appealed to the British government for protection. About 450 local civilians were killed after the uprising was quelled.{{sfn|Morrison|2018|p=21}} These events resulted in a large influx of Albanians migrating to [[Albania]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mulaj|first=Klejda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGQVdG63WPYC|title=Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of In/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans|date=2008-02-22|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-4667-5|pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Banac|first=Ivo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ&q=Rozaj|title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0194-8|pages=298 snippet view}}</ref>
In 1919, an Albanian revolt, which later came to be known as the ''Plav rebellion'' rose up in the Plav, Gusinje and Rožaje districts, fighting against the inclusion of [[Sandžak]] in the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].{{sfn|Morrison|2018|p=56}}<ref>Giuseppe Motta, [http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/59407 Less than Nations: Central-Eastern European Minorities after WWI, Volume 1 ], Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, p. 11</ref><ref>Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6RveDmHbIv8C&q=Region%2C+Regional+Identity+and+Regionalism+in+Southeastern+Europe%2C+Part+1 Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Part 1], LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, p. 221</ref> As a result, during the Serbian army's second occupation of Plav, which took place in 1919, Serb forces attacked Albanian populations in Plav and Gusinje, which had appealed to the British government for protection. About 450 local civilians were killed after the uprising was quelled.{{sfn|Morrison|2018|p=21}} These events resulted in a large influx of Albanians migrating to [[Albania]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mulaj|first=Klejda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGQVdG63WPYC|title=Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of In/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans|date=2008-02-22|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-4667-5|pages=33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Banac|first=Ivo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ&q=Rozaj|title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0194-8|pages=298 snippet view}}</ref>


==Dialect==
==Dialect==
Plav is almost entirely Muslim and either Slavic-speaking or Albanian-speaking. The Slavic dialect of Gusinje and Plav shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most Slavic-speakers in today's Gusinje are of Albanian origin, representing a case of an Albanian-speaking population shifting to a Slavic-speaking one, the dialect of Albanian that Plav speaks is northwestern Gheg at the west of Plav, and northeastern Gheg at the east of Plav.{{sfn|Curtis|2012|p=40}}<ref>:{{cite book|last1=Matthew C.| first1=Curtis |title=Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence |publisher=The Ohio State University |quote= On the other hand, there are some areas, particularly in Montenegro, where Albanian-speaking populations have shifted to Slavic-speaking ones, such as the tribes of Piperi and Kuči, the Slavic Muslim populations in Plav/Plavë and Gusinje/Gucia, and perhaps with the Mrković.|year=2012|page=140}}</ref>
Plav is almost entirely Muslim and either Slavic-speaking or Albanian-speaking. The Slavic dialect of Gusinje and Plav shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most Slavic-speakers in today's Plav are of Albanian origin, representing a case of an Albanian-speaking population shifting to a Slavic-speaking one. The dialect of Albanian that Plav speaks is northwestern Gheg at the west of Plav, and northeastern Gheg at the east of Plav.{{sfn|Curtis|2012|p=40}}<ref>:{{cite book|last1=Matthew C.| first1=Curtis |title=Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence |publisher=The Ohio State University |quote= On the other hand, there are some areas, particularly in Montenegro, where Albanian-speaking populations have shifted to Slavic-speaking ones, such as the tribes of Piperi and Kuči, the Slavic Muslim populations in Plav/Plavë and Gusinje/Gucia, and perhaps with the Mrković.|year=2012|page=140}}</ref>


==Sport==
==Sport==
In the area of the Plav municipality there are 13 sports clubs and societies that are actively engaged in sports and competitions. Some are in the First Montenegrin league and some in the Second Montenegrin league.{{cn|date=January 2023}}
In the area of the Plav municipality there are 13 sports clubs and societies that are actively engaged in sports and competitions. Some are in the First Montenegrin league and some in the Second Montenegrin league.


Sport clubs:
Sport clubs:
Line 110: Line 112:


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Plav is administrative centre of [[Plav Municipality]], which in 2011 had a population of 9,081, mostly [[Bosniaks]], with a smaller minority of Albanians and other groups. The town of Plav itself has 3,717 citizens.
Plav is administrative centre of [[Plav Municipality]], which in 2023 had a population of 9,050. The town of Plav itself has 3,717 citizens.


Historical population:
'''Town'''{{Historical populations
|type =
*1981 - 3,348
|1981|3348 |1991|4073 |2003|3165 |2011|3717
*1991 - 4,073
⚫
|}}
*2003 - 3,165
*2011 - 3,717


=== Ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable"
The ethnic composition of the municipality in the 2023 census was as follows: 65.64% [[Bosniaks in Montenegro|Bosniaks]], 17.08% [[Serbs in Montenegro|Serbs]], 9.43% [[Albanians in Montenegro|Albanians]], 4.11% [[Montenegrins]], and 2.61% [[Muslims (South-Slavic ethnic group)|ethnic Muslims]]. A total of 1.13% of the population are part of other ethnic groups.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova, 2023. godine |url=https://monstat.org/uploads/files/popis%202021/saopstenja/SAOPSTENJE_Popis%20stanovnistva%202023%20II_cg.pdf}}</ref>
!width="100px"|Ethnicity

!width="80px"|Number
=== Religion ===
!width="80px"|Percentage
{{Pie chart
|-
|thumb = right
|[[Bosniaks]]||2,806||75.50%
|caption = Religion in Plav (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova, 2023. godine |url=https://monstat.org/uploads/files/popis%202021/saopstenja/SAOPSTENJE_Popis%20stanovnistva%202023%20II_cg.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|label1 = [[Islam in Montenegro|Islam]]
|[[Albanians]]||341||9.17%
|value1 = 79.16
|-
|color1 = Green
|[[Montenegrins]]||182||4.90%
|label2 = [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Montenegro|Eastern Orthodoxy]]
|-
|value2 = 19.89
|[[Muslims (South-Slavic ethnic group)|ethnic Muslims]]||175||4.71%
|color2 = Orchid
|-
|label3 = Other religions
|[[Serbs]]||165||4.44%
|value3 = 0.95
|-
|color3 = Grey
|Other||48||1.29%
}}
|-

|'''Total'''||'''3,717'''||'''100%'''
Islam is the predominant religion, particularly among the Bosniak and Albanian communities, while Orthodox Christianity is also practiced, mainly by ethnic Montenegrins and Serbs.
⚫
|}


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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[[Category:Accursed Mountains]]
[[Category:Accursed Mountains]]
[[Category:Albanian ethnographic regions]]
[[Category:Albanian ethnographic regions]]
[[Category:Albanian communities in Montenegro]]

Latest revision as of 05:57, 1 November 2024

For the village in the Czech Republic, see Plav (České Budějovice District).

Plav
Плав
Plavë
Town and municipality
Panorama of Plav
Panorama of Plav
Flag of Plav
Flag
Coat of arms of Plav
Coat of arms
Plav is located in Montenegro
Plav
Plav
Location within Montenegro
Coordinates: 42°36′N 19°56′E / 42.6°N 19.94°E / 42.6; 19.94
CountryMontenegro
RegionNorthern
MunicipalityPlav
Settlements14
Government
 • TypeMayor-Assembly
 • MayorNihad Canović (SD)
Area
 • Town and municipality
328 km2 (127 sq mi)
Population
 (2011 census)
 • Density28/km2 (70/sq mi)
 • Urban
3,717
 • Rural
5,364
 • Municipality
9,081
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
84325
Area code+382 51
ISO 3166-2 codeME-13
Car platesPL
ClimateCfb

Plav (Montenegrin: Плав; Albanian: Plavë) is a town located in the Northern Region of Montenegro, situated along the Lim River, which originates from nearby Lake Plav, a glacial lake at the foot of the Prokletije mountains. It has a population of 3,717 (2011 census). Plav is the centre of Plav Municipality with a population of 9,050.

Name

[edit]

The name Plav (Плав) is derived from Slavic plav, "a flooded place" (poplava, "flood").[1][2]

Geography

[edit]

Plav is located at the foot of the Accursed Mountains range, adjacent to the springs of the river Lim.[3]

The area contains many lakes and the most known is Lake Plav, one of the largest in this region.[3] The lakes Hrid and Visitor are mountain lakes, and Visitor is noted for its floating island.

Plav is also renowned for its karst wells, among which are Ali Pasha of Gucia Springs and Oko Skakavica. Villages in the municipality include Gusinje.

History

[edit]

The toponym Hotina Gora (mountains of Hoti) in the Plav and Gusinje regions on the Lim river basin in 1330 is the first mention of the Hoti name in historical records in the chrysobulls of Dečani. Šufflay considers this region as the original area of settlement of Hoti from which they moved southwards.[4][5]

The Ottoman census organised in 1582-83 registered the Plav nahiyah within the Sanjak of Scutari with 18 villages; according to historian Milan Vasić all inhabitants had personal names with a Slavic character, and no Muslim name was present.[6][need quotation to verify]

According to a 16th-century travel record by Antonio Bruni, the inhabitants of the Plav region are partly Albanian and partly Serbian, with a large proportion belonging to historical Albanian and Montenegrin tribes such as the Piperi, Kuči, Kelmendi, and Palabardhi.[7]

After the Venetian nobleman Mariano Bolizza in Cattaro (Kotor), who wrote the Relazione e descrizione del sangiacato di Scutari ("Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari") in 1614 Plav was mostly inhabited by Albanians under the command of Sem Zaus (Cem Çaushi) of Podgorica.[8]

The two strongest feudal families in the Plav-Gusinje region (~90 km to the northeast of Gruemirë) trace their origin to Gruemiri. The Rexhepagaj of Plav, Montenegro (now, Redžepagić-Rexhepagiqi) moved to Plav in the beginning of the 1650s where their ancestor took the Muslim name Veli when he converted. Rexhep Aga who gave the name to the family was a great-great-grandson of Veli. The Shabanagaj (now also known as Šabanagić) were related via marriage with the Bushati family of Shkodra. Shaban Aga, their eponymous ancestor was the son-in-law of Sulejman Pasha Bushati, sanjakbey of Shkodra. He was sent in Gusinje as the commander of the fortress around 1690.[9] The Shabanagaj family owned large estates in Berane. Ali Pasha of Gusinje, commander of the League of Prizren was a Shabanagaj and Jashar Rexhepagiq, pedagogue in Kosovo, was a Rexhepagaj. Many other families in Plav also trace their origin to different historical tribes who migrated to the area. The Ferri (Ferović), Kërcaj (Krcić), Kuçi (Kuč), Medunaj (Medunanjin), Shabaj (Šabović), Toskaj (Toskić) descend from Kuči/Kuçi; the Canaj (Canović), Musajt (Musić), Rekaj (Reković), Mekuli (Mekulović) and Rugova (Rugovac) descend from Kelmendi; the Shahmanaj (Šahmanović) from Triesh; the Begani (Beganović), Kasumi (Kasumović), Shalunaj (Šaljunović) from Shala; Basha (Bašić) and Hoxhaj (Hodžić) from Berisha; the Kastrat and Hot families from Kastrati and Hoti respectively.[10]

In 1675 Evliya Çelebi who visited Plav during this time, described it as a "lively Albanian town".

In 1878, following the Treaty of Berlin, the city of Plav was ceded to Montenegro by the Ottoman Empire despite being considered by Albanian leaders as Albanian territory. Soon after however, armed resistance by the forces of the League of Prizren and their victory against Montenegrin troops at Battle of Novšiće (1879) prevented the implementation. Ottomans had to cede Ulcinj to Montenegro after pressure from the Great Powers in 1881. Plav only became part of Montenegro after the First Balkan War in 1912.[11]

The entry of the Montenegrin army in 1912-13 and the Yugoslav army after 1919 in Plav-Gusinje was accompanied by repressive policies against the local population. The Montenegrin army captured the region and entered Plav on 19 October and 20 October. Its entry was followed by a period of harsh military administration which until March 1913 had caused up to more than 1,800 killings of mostly local Muslim Albanians and 12,000 forced conversions to Christian Orthodoxy.[12]

In 1919, an Albanian revolt, which later came to be known as the Plav rebellion rose up in the Plav, Gusinje and Rožaje districts, fighting against the inclusion of Sandžak in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[13][14][15] As a result, during the Serbian army's second occupation of Plav, which took place in 1919, Serb forces attacked Albanian populations in Plav and Gusinje, which had appealed to the British government for protection. About 450 local civilians were killed after the uprising was quelled.[16] These events resulted in a large influx of Albanians migrating to Albania.[17][18]

Dialect

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Plav is almost entirely Muslim and either Slavic-speaking or Albanian-speaking. The Slavic dialect of Gusinje and Plav shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most Slavic-speakers in today's Plav are of Albanian origin, representing a case of an Albanian-speaking population shifting to a Slavic-speaking one. The dialect of Albanian that Plav speaks is northwestern Gheg at the west of Plav, and northeastern Gheg at the east of Plav.[19][20]

Sport

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In the area of the Plav municipality there are 13 sports clubs and societies that are actively engaged in sports and competitions. Some are in the First Montenegrin league and some in the Second Montenegrin league.

Sport clubs:

  • Football Club Jezero
  • Football Club Gusinje
  • Football Club Polimlje
  • Handball Club Plav
  • Chess Club Jezero
  • Karate Club Jezero
  • Kayak Club Plavsko Jezero
  • Sport Fishing Society Plavsko Jezero
  • Mountaineering Skiing Society Kofiljaca
  • Skiing-mountain Society Karanfil
  • Mountaineering Society Visitor
  • Hunting Society Rocks Plav
  • Hunting Sports Society May carnation
  • Basketball Club Balkanski Ris

Demographics

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Plav is administrative centre of Plav Municipality, which in 2023 had a population of 9,050. The town of Plav itself has 3,717 citizens.

Town

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19813,348—    
19914,073+21.7%
20033,165−22.3%
20113,717+17.4%

Ethnicity

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The ethnic composition of the municipality in the 2023 census was as follows: 65.64% Bosniaks, 17.08% Serbs, 9.43% Albanians, 4.11% Montenegrins, and 2.61% ethnic Muslims. A total of 1.13% of the population are part of other ethnic groups.[21]

Religion

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Religion in Plav (2023)[22]

  Islam (79.16%)
  Eastern Orthodoxy (19.89%)
  Other religions (0.95%)

Islam is the predominant religion, particularly among the Bosniak and Albanian communities, while Orthodox Christianity is also practiced, mainly by ethnic Montenegrins and Serbs.

Notable people

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International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro

Plav is twinned with:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Contributions onomatologiques. Vol. 18. Akademija. 2005. p. 8.
  2. ^ ALEKSANDAR LOMA (2013). LA TOPONYMIE DE LA CHARTE DE FONDATION DE BANJSKA: Vers la conception d'un dictionnaire des noms de lieux de la Serbie medievale et une meilleure connaissance des structures onomastiques du slave commun. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. p. 170. ISBN 978-86-7025-621-7.
  3. ^ a b Djukanovic, Bojka (2023). Historical Dictionary of Montenegro. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 299. ISBN 9781538139158.
  4. ^ Ahmetaj, Mehmet (2007). "TOPONYMY OF HOTI". Studime Albanologjike. 37: 170. Retrieved 27 January 2020. Kundruar historikisht që në krye të herës, sipas kapërcejve historikë, Hoti i Kujit si vendbanim i moçëm thjesht me burim shqiptar dokumentohet, përkatësisht daton që moti, në Krisobulën e Deçanit, që nga viti 1330, ku përmenden hotjanët në malet në jug të fushës së Plavës ("Hutina Gora"), sot Malet e Hotit, të cilat sipas mendimit të M. Shuflajt duhet të kenë qenë djepi i fisit Hot.
  5. ^ Šufflay, Milan (1925). Srbi i Arbanasi: njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku. Izdanje seminara za arbanasku filologiju. pp. 60–61. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  6. ^ Vasić, Milan (1991), "Etnički odnosi u jugoslovensko-albanskom graničnom području prema popisnom defteru sandžaka Skadar iz 1582/83. godine", Stanovništvo slovenskog porijekla u Albaniji : zbornik radova sa međunarodnog naučnog skupa održanog u Cetinju 21, 22. i 23. juna 1990 (in Serbo-Croatian), OCLC 29549273
  7. ^ Malcolm, Noel (10 July 2020). Rebels, Believers, Survivors: Studies in the History of the Albanians. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-19-259923-0.
  8. ^ Bolizza, Mariano (2003), Relations and Description of the Sanjak of Scutari, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 9783447047838
  9. ^ Dedushaj 1993, p. 53.
  10. ^ Dedushaj 1993, p. 47.
  11. ^ Gawrych 2006, pp. 49, 61–63.
  12. ^ Milosević 2013
  13. ^ Morrison 2018, p. 56.
  14. ^ Giuseppe Motta, Less than Nations: Central-Eastern European Minorities after WWI, Volume 1 , Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, p. 11
  15. ^ Klaus Roth, Ulf Brunnbauer, Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Part 1, LIT Verlag Münster, 2008, p. 221
  16. ^ Morrison 2018, p. 21.
  17. ^ Mulaj, Klejda (22 February 2008). Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of In/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans. Lexington Books. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7391-4667-5.
  18. ^ Banac, Ivo (9 June 2015). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press. pp. 298 snippet view. ISBN 978-1-5017-0194-8.
  19. ^ Curtis 2012, p. 40.
  20. ^ :Matthew C., Curtis (2012). Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence. The Ohio State University. p. 140. On the other hand, there are some areas, particularly in Montenegro, where Albanian-speaking populations have shifted to Slavic-speaking ones, such as the tribes of Piperi and Kuči, the Slavic Muslim populations in Plav/Plavë and Gusinje/Gucia, and perhaps with the Mrković.
  21. ^ "Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova, 2023. godine" (PDF).
  22. ^ "Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova, 2023. godine" (PDF).
  23. ^ "Deçani dhe Ulqini binjakëzohen". kk.rks-gov.net (in Albanian). Deçan. 7 September 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plav.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Plav.
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