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{{Short description|Governor of Kufa (died 680)}}{{Distinguish|Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Rabi'a|Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan}}{{Infobox officeholder |
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'''Walid ibn Uqba''' ({{lang-ar|'''وليد بن عقبة'''}}) was one of the [[Sahaba|companions]] of [[Muhammad]]. |
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| office = [[Governor]] of [[Kufa]] |
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| term_start = 645/46 |
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| term_end = 649/50 |
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| monarch = Caliph [[Uthman]] |
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| predecessor = [[Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas]] |
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| successor = [[Sa'id ibn al-As]] |
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| pronunciation = |
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| birth_place = [[Mecca]] |
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| death_date = 680 |
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| death_place = [[Raqqa]] |
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| death_cause = |
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| relations = *[[Banu Umayya]] (clan) |
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*Uthman (half-brother) |
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*[[Al-Walid ibn Hisham al-Mu'ayti]] (grandson) |
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| children = Aban <br> Hisham <br> Uthman |
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| parents = *[[Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt]] (father) |
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*[[Arwa bint Kurayz]] (mother) |
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'''Al-Walīd ibn ʿUqba ibn Abī Muʿayṭ''' ({{langx|ar|الْوَلِيْد ابْنِ عُقبَة ابْنِ أَبِيّ مُعَيْط}}, died 680) was the governor of [[Kufa]] in 645/46–649/50 during the reign of his half-brother, Caliph [[Uthman]] ({{reign|644|656}}). |
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During the reign of Uthman, he was being accused of drinking, the legal punishment of whipping was carried out on him, and according to some accounts, with [[Ali]]'s hand.<ref>{{EI2|last=Vaglieri |first=L. Veccia|authorlink=Laura Veccia Vaglieri|title=ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib|volume=1|pages=381–386}} |
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==Biography== |
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</ref> |
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===Family=== |
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He was the son of [[Uqbah ibn Abu Mu'ayt]], a man who tried to kill Muhammad and finally died as a non-Muslim, and thus the brother of [[Umm Kulthum bint Uqba]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bukhari |first=Al |title= [[Sahih Bukhari]], Volume 06, Book 60|page=339}}</ref> He was also a half-brother of [[Uthman]]. |
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==Life== |
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{{presentScholar|Ibn Taymiya|13th|Sunni}} in his [[A Great Compilation of Fatwa]]: |
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Al-Walid was born in [[Mecca]] to father [[Uqbah ibn Abu Mu'ayt|Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt]] of the [[Umayyad dynasty|Banu Umayya]] clan and mother [[Arwa bint Kurayz]] of the Banu Rabi'ah. Both of his parents belonged to clans from the [[Banu Abd Shams]] branch of the [[Quraysh]] tribe, which dominated Mecca. He was also a maternal half-brother of [[Uthman|Uthman ibn Affan]], a member of the Banu Umayya who went on to become caliph in 644. Like most Meccans at the time, his family was a polytheist and opposed [[Muhammad]]. His father died fighting against the latter at the [[Battle of Badr]] in 624. However, al-Walid converted to Islam after the Muslim [[conquest of Mecca]] in 630. He was charged by Muhammad with collecting the ''[[sadaqat]]'' (charitable tribute) from an Arab tribe known as the [[Banu Mustaliq]].{{sfn|Bosworth|2002|p=130}} |
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{{cquote|bgcolor=#F0FFF0|The [[Sahaba|Companions]] would pray behind people whom they knew to be open transgressors, such as when [[Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud]] and other Companions would pray behind '''Walid ibn 'Uqba ibn Abi Mu'it''', who may have recently drunken alcohol (when he was praying) and would wind up praying four rakaats.}} |
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During the rule of Caliph [[Umar]] ({{reign|634|644}}), al-Walid was charged with collecting the ''sadaqat'' from the [[Banu Taghlib]] tribe in [[Al-Jazira (caliphal province)|Upper Mesopotamia]].{{sfn|Bosworth|2002|p=130}} Later he involved during [[Muslim conquest of the Levant]], when he was sent by [[Iyad ibn Ghanm]] to subdue the fortresses of the tribe of Rabi'a and Tanukhid in [[Al-Jazira (caliphal province)|Jazira]], in an attempt to relieve the [[Siege of Emesa (638)|Byzantine coalition pressures]] toward [[Emesa]].<ref name="Fred Donner">{{cite book |last1=Donner |first1=Fred |title=The Early Islamic Conquests |date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9781400847877 |pages=512 |edition=electronic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5__AwAAQBAJ |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> |
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== Revelation of the Quranic verse == |
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His uterine brother, Uthman, appointed him governor of [[Kufa]] in 645/46, but his behavior and wine consumption riled the pious Muslims of that city, compelling Uthman to recall him in 649/50. He fled to Upper Mesopotamia following Uthman's assassination in 656 and died in [[al-Raqqa]] in 680.{{sfn|Bosworth|2002|p=130}} His son [[Aban ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba|Aban]] served as governor of [[Homs]] under Caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan|Abd al-Malik]]. |
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Walid was regarded a transgressor and an open sinner by God in the Quraan as follows: |
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{{cquote|Is he then who is a believer like he who is a transgressor (fasiq)? They are not equal<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Quraan]], Chapter Al Sajdah, Verse 18}}</ref> |
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.}} |
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The above verse's context has been explained by the commentators, where the word "believer" referred to [[Ali bin Abi Talib]] and the "transgressor" (fasiq) referred to Walid bin 'Uqba.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Qurtubi |first=Al|title= Tafsir, Cairo Edition, Volume 14|year= 1947|page=105}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tabari |first=Al|title= Tafsir Jami al Bayan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wahidi |first=Al|title= Asbab al Nuzul, Dar al Bayan Turath Edition|page=291}}</ref> |
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Walid also once lied about a matter and that led to the revelation of the following verse in the Chapter Al Hujurat of Quraan where God forbids Muslims from blindly believing any news transmitted by a transgressor<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tabari |first=Al |title= Tafsir Quran al Azim|year=1987|publisher=Beirut|volume= 04|page=224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Qurtubi |first=Al |title= Tafsir|year=1947|publisher=Cairo|volume= 16|page=311}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Suyuti & Mahalli |first=Al |title= Tafsir al Jalalayn|year=1924|publisher=Cairo|volume= 01|page=185}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bilal Philips |first=Abu Ameenah |title= Tafsir Al Hujurat|publisher=Riyadh|pages=62–63}}</ref>: |
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{{cquote|O ye who believe! if a wicked person (fasiq) comes to you with any news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Quraan]], Chapter Al Hujurat, Verse 06}}</ref>}} |
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As Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips says, “great caution must always be taken when dealing with information conveyed by people of doubtful character, those whose honesty has not yet been proven or by known sinners”. However, we find in the Sunni hadith collections traditions of the Prophet (s) on the authority of al-Walid! See, for example: |
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q Abu Dawud, Sunan, (1973), Kitab al-Tarajjul, bab fi'l-khuluq li'r-rijal, vol. 4, p. 404, hadith number 4181 |
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q Ahmad bin Hanbal, al-Musnad, awwal musnad al-madaniyyin ajma'in, hadith 15784 |
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Al-Walid's wickedness did not end during the Prophet's (s) time. He was appointed governor of al-Kufah by 'Uthman, the third caliph, where his wickedness continued. Once he led the morning prayers in a condition of intoxication and prayed four instead of two units. He was subsequently given the punishment on the orders of 'Uthman. This incident is mentioned in countless sources including some mentioned above, as well as: |
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q Sahih al-Bukhari (English translation), volume 5, book 57, number 45; volume 5, book 58, number 212 |
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q Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh, (English translation: History of al-Tabari, The Crisis of the Early Caliphate), volume XV, p. 120 |
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==See also== |
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*[[Islam]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Companion of Mohammed |
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==Sources== |
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{{Islam-bio-stub}} |
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*{{EI2 |last=Bosworth |first=C. E. |authorlink=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |article=Al-Walīd b. ʿUkba |volume=11 |page=130}} |
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[[ar:الوليد بن عقبة]] |
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[[ca:Al-Walid ibn Uqba]] |
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[[Category:Banu Umayya]] |
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[[fa:ولید بن عقبه]] |
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[[Category:Rashidun governors of Kufa]] |
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[[Category:Sahabah hadith narrators]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:33, 1 November 2024
Al-Walid ibn Uqba | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Kufa | |
| In office 645/46–649/50 | |
| Monarch | Caliph Uthman |
| Preceded by | Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas |
| Succeeded by | Sa'id ibn al-As |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mecca |
| Died | 680 Raqqa |
| Relations |
|
| Children | Aban Hisham Uthman |
| Parents |
|
Al-Walīd ibn ʿUqba ibn Abī Muʿayṭ (Arabic: الْوَلِيْد ابْنِ عُقبَة ابْنِ أَبِيّ مُعَيْط, died 680) was the governor of Kufa in 645/46–649/50 during the reign of his half-brother, Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656).
During the reign of Uthman, he was being accused of drinking, the legal punishment of whipping was carried out on him, and according to some accounts, with Ali's hand.[1]
Life
[edit]Al-Walid was born in Mecca to father Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt of the Banu Umayya clan and mother Arwa bint Kurayz of the Banu Rabi'ah. Both of his parents belonged to clans from the Banu Abd Shams branch of the Quraysh tribe, which dominated Mecca. He was also a maternal half-brother of Uthman ibn Affan, a member of the Banu Umayya who went on to become caliph in 644. Like most Meccans at the time, his family was a polytheist and opposed Muhammad. His father died fighting against the latter at the Battle of Badr in 624. However, al-Walid converted to Islam after the Muslim conquest of Mecca in 630. He was charged by Muhammad with collecting the sadaqat (charitable tribute) from an Arab tribe known as the Banu Mustaliq.[2]
During the rule of Caliph Umar (r. 634–644), al-Walid was charged with collecting the sadaqat from the Banu Taghlib tribe in Upper Mesopotamia.[2] Later he involved during Muslim conquest of the Levant, when he was sent by Iyad ibn Ghanm to subdue the fortresses of the tribe of Rabi'a and Tanukhid in Jazira, in an attempt to relieve the Byzantine coalition pressures toward Emesa.[3]
His uterine brother, Uthman, appointed him governor of Kufa in 645/46, but his behavior and wine consumption riled the pious Muslims of that city, compelling Uthman to recall him in 649/50. He fled to Upper Mesopotamia following Uthman's assassination in 656 and died in al-Raqqa in 680.[2] His son Aban served as governor of Homs under Caliph Abd al-Malik.
References
[edit]- ^ Vaglieri, L. Veccia (1960). "ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 381–386. OCLC 495469456.
- ^ a b c Bosworth 2002, p. 130.
- ^ Donner, Fred (July 14, 2014). The Early Islamic Conquests (electronic ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 512. ISBN 9781400847877. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
Sources
[edit]- Bosworth, C. E. (2002). "Al-Walīd b. ʿUkba". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 130. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2.