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{{Short description|Place in Northern Israel}} |
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{{Infobox Kibbutz |
{{Infobox Kibbutz |
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| ⚫ | |||
| name = Giv'at Oz |
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| ⚫ | |||
| caption = Aerial photo of Giv'at Oz and its surrounding area |
| caption = Aerial photo of Giv'at Oz and its surrounding area |
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| hebname = {{Hebrew|גִּבְעַת עֹז, גבעת עוז}} |
| hebname = {{Script/Hebrew|גִּבְעַת עֹז, גבעת עוז}} |
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| foundation |
| foundation = 20 September 1949 |
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| founded_by |
| founded_by = [[Hungarian Jews]] |
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| district |
| district = north |
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| council |
| council = [[Megiddo Regional Council|Megiddo]] |
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| affiliation |
| affiliation = [[Kibbutz Movement]] |
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| popyear |
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} |
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| population |
| population = {{Israel populations|Giv'at Oz}} |
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| population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}} |
| population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}} |
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|pushpin_map=Israel jezreel |pushpin_mapsize=250 |
| pushpin_map=Israel jezreel |pushpin_mapsize=250 |
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|coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|32|33|20|N|35|12|1|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| website = |
| website = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Giv'at Oz''' ({{ |
'''Giv'at Oz''' ({{langx|he|גִּבְעַת עֹז||Hill of Strength}}) is a [[kibbutz]] in northern [[Israel]]. Located in the [[Jezreel Valley]] between [[Umm al-Fahm]] and [[Afula]], it falls under the jurisdiction of [[Megiddo Regional Council]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Giv'at Oz}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} The kibbutz lies north to [[Zalafa]] and [[Salem, Ma'ale Iron|Salem]] and [[Highway 66 (Israel)|Highway 66]] runs near it.<ref name="Bernet 2004 44–45">{{cite book |last=Bernet |first=Michael |title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope |year=2004 |edition=Revised, updated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrf4Gyuhn4IC&q=inauthor%3A%22Michael%20Bernet%22&pg=PP1 |pages=44–45 |publisher=Chester and West |location=[[Wykagyl (New Rochelle)|Wykagyl, New York]]|isbn=9780975582510 }}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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Giv'at Oz |
Giv'at Oz was named after the [[Battle of Mishmar HaEmek]] which occurred during the [[1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]].<ref name=romgalil /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The territory on which Giv'at Oz was built was transferred from [[Jordan|Transjordan]] to Israel as part of the [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Jordan|Israeli–Jordanian Armistice Agreement]] of 1949.<ref name= |
The territory on which Giv'at Oz was built was transferred from [[Jordan|Transjordan]] to Israel as part of the [[1949 Armistice Agreements#With Jordan|Israeli–Jordanian Armistice Agreement]] of 1949.<ref name="Bernet 2004 44–45"/> |
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In 1948 |
In 1948 [[Sh'erit ha-Pletah|Holocaust survivors]] from [[Hungary]], members of [[Hashomer Hatzair]], established a [[gar'in]] named "Yas'ur". The members received training in Hungary and in some kibbutzim in Israel. On 20 September 1949, the gar'in members established the kibbutz near the [[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab]] village of [[Zalafa]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=Benny |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |year=2004|isbn=0-521-00967-7 |page=xxii}}</ref> In its early years the kibbutz suffered from a lack of water, which was brought in tankers from [[Afula]]. In 1953 the water company [[Mekorot]] connected the kibbutz to a water system, allowing the agriculture sector to develop. In later years, [[Aliyah|Jewish immigrants]] from [[Brazil]] and members of various youth movements joined the kibbutz.<ref>{{cite web|title=גבעת עוז - קיבוץ [Giv'at Oz - Kibbutz]|url=http://tnuathaavoda.info/places/home/places/1162064366.html|publisher=Israeli Labour Movement|access-date=19 May 2016|language=Hebrew}}</ref> |
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In the kibbutz's first year, Jordanian forces stole a flock of five hundred sheep from the kibbutz after a brief fight. Most of the sheep were brought back thanks the [[UN]] intervention.<ref name= |
In the kibbutz's first year, Jordanian forces stole a flock of five hundred sheep from the kibbutz after a brief fight. Most of the sheep were brought back thanks to the [[UN]] intervention.<ref name="Bernet 2004 44–45"/> Until 1967 Giv'at Oz had the legal status of a border settlement, which gave it the right to have war reparations as it was built near the [[West Bank]] which was then [[Jordanian control|controlled]] by Jordan.<ref name=romgalil>{{cite web|title=גבעת עז (Giv'at Oz)|url=http://www.romgalil.org.il/cds/483/|publisher=Galilee Development Authority|access-date=19 May 2016|language=he}}</ref> |
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In the late 1950s |
In the late 1950s Giv'at Oz established good relations with the nearby Arab villages [[Zalafa]] and [[Salem, Ma'ale Iron|Salem]] when a Kupat Holim health clinic was built in the kibbutz and also served the nearby villages. Later the kibbutz provided water and transportation services to the villages and social contact was built up between both communities as the Arab villagers started learning [[Hebrew]].<ref name="Bernet 2004 44–45"/> |
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Towards the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, trucks and tractors as well as many of the residents were conscripted to the army in May of that year. Youth from cities volunteered to help the kibbutzim that |
Towards the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, trucks and tractors as well as many of the residents were conscripted to the army in May of that year. Youth from cities volunteered to help the kibbutzim that lay near the border in bringing the harvest and villagers from Zalafa and Salem also helped the kibbutz when many of its men were conscripted.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bernet |first=Michael |title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope |year=2004 |edition=Revised, updated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrf4Gyuhn4IC&q=inauthor%3A%22Michael%20Bernet%22&pg=PP1 |pages=46 |publisher=Chester and West |location=[[Wykagyl (New Rochelle)|Wykagyl, New York]]|isbn=9780975582510 }}</ref> In the first hours of the war, the Jordanian army shelled the kibbutz, which suffered from minor damage, as well as other kibbutzim near the Jordanian border. Israeli forces later passed through the kibbutz and entered the Jordanian-controlled West Bank to capture [[Jenin]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bernet |first=Michael |title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope |year=2004 |edition=Revised, updated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrf4Gyuhn4IC&q=inauthor%3A%22Michael%20Bernet%22&pg=PP1 |pages=83–84 |publisher=Chester and West |location=[[Wykagyl (New Rochelle)|Wykagyl, New York]]|isbn=9780975582510 }}</ref> Three Jordanian hunter jets attacked an Israeli convoy in the kibbutz; the workshop was damaged and an Israeli lieutenant was injured.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bernet |first=Michael |title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope |year=2004 |edition=Revised, updated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrf4Gyuhn4IC&q=inauthor%3A%22Michael%20Bernet%22&pg=PP1 |pages=129 |publisher=Chester and West |location=[[Wykagyl (New Rochelle)|Wykagyl, New York]]|isbn=9780975582510 }}</ref> |
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The kibbutz remains cooperative |
The kibbutz remains cooperative and offers welfare services to the residents.<ref name=romgalil /> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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In the early 1980s, the "Aromor" [[fragrance]] factory was established in order to reduce the kibbutz's dependency on agriculture. By 2011 the factory provided 40% of the local budget.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gabizon|first1=Yoram|title= |
In the early 1980s, the "Aromor" [[fragrance]] factory was established in order to reduce the kibbutz's dependency on agriculture. By 2011 the factory provided 40% of the local budget.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabizon |first1=Yoram |title=קשה לי לראות את גבעת עוז מתקיים בכבוד בלי ארומור |trans-title=It is hard to see Giv'at Oz exist in dignity with Aromor |language=he |url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.1167958 |access-date=May 19, 2016 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=March 22, 2011}}</ref> In 2014 it was sold to the American Company [[International Flavors & Fragrances]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shavit |first1=Ilan |title=IFF To Acquire Aromor Flavors Of Kibbutz Givat Oz In Israel For $88 Million |url=http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2014/01/15/iff-to-acquire-aromor-flavors-of-kibbutz-givat-oz-in-israel-for-88-million/ |accessdate=20 May 2016 |work=[[Jewish Business News]] |date=15 January 2014}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Bernet|first1=Michael|title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope|date=August 2004|publisher=Chester and West|isbn=0975582518|url=https://books.google. |
*{{cite book|last1=Bernet|first1=Michael|title=The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope|date=August 2004|publisher=Chester and West|isbn=0975582518|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrf4Gyuhn4IC&q=inauthor%3A%22Michael%20Bernet%22&pg=PP1|page=44}} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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{{Megiddo Regional Council}} |
{{Megiddo Regional Council}} |
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{{ |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Kibbutzim]] |
[[Category:Kibbutzim]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Northern District (Israel)]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Northern District (Israel)]] |
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[[Category:1949 establishments in Israel]] |
[[Category:1949 establishments in Israel]] |
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[[Category:Hungarian-Jewish culture in Israel]] |
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Latest revision as of 10:51, 1 November 2024
Giv'at Oz
גִּבְעַת עֹז, גבעת עוז | |
|---|---|
 Aerial photo of Giv'at Oz and its surrounding area | |
  Giv'at Oz | |
| Coordinates: 32°33′20″N 35°12′1″E / 32.55556°N 35.20028°E | |
| Country | Israel |
| District | Northern |
| Council | Megiddo |
| Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement |
| Founded | 20 September 1949 |
| Founded by | Hungarian Jews |
| Population (2022)[1] | 501 |
Giv'at Oz (Hebrew: גִּבְעַת עֹז, lit. 'Hill of Strength') is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Jezreel Valley between Umm al-Fahm and Afula, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 501.[1] The kibbutz lies north to Zalafa and Salem and Highway 66 runs near it.[2]
Etymology
[edit]Giv'at Oz was named after the Battle of Mishmar HaEmek which occurred during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine.[3]
History
[edit]The territory on which Giv'at Oz was built was transferred from Transjordan to Israel as part of the Israeli–Jordanian Armistice Agreement of 1949.[2]
In 1948 Holocaust survivors from Hungary, members of Hashomer Hatzair, established a gar'in named "Yas'ur". The members received training in Hungary and in some kibbutzim in Israel. On 20 September 1949, the gar'in members established the kibbutz near the Arab village of Zalafa.[4] In its early years the kibbutz suffered from a lack of water, which was brought in tankers from Afula. In 1953 the water company Mekorot connected the kibbutz to a water system, allowing the agriculture sector to develop. In later years, Jewish immigrants from Brazil and members of various youth movements joined the kibbutz.[5] In the kibbutz's first year, Jordanian forces stole a flock of five hundred sheep from the kibbutz after a brief fight. Most of the sheep were brought back thanks to the UN intervention.[2] Until 1967 Giv'at Oz had the legal status of a border settlement, which gave it the right to have war reparations as it was built near the West Bank which was then controlled by Jordan.[3]
In the late 1950s Giv'at Oz established good relations with the nearby Arab villages Zalafa and Salem when a Kupat Holim health clinic was built in the kibbutz and also served the nearby villages. Later the kibbutz provided water and transportation services to the villages and social contact was built up between both communities as the Arab villagers started learning Hebrew.[2]
Towards the Six-Day War in 1967, trucks and tractors as well as many of the residents were conscripted to the army in May of that year. Youth from cities volunteered to help the kibbutzim that lay near the border in bringing the harvest and villagers from Zalafa and Salem also helped the kibbutz when many of its men were conscripted.[6] In the first hours of the war, the Jordanian army shelled the kibbutz, which suffered from minor damage, as well as other kibbutzim near the Jordanian border. Israeli forces later passed through the kibbutz and entered the Jordanian-controlled West Bank to capture Jenin.[7] Three Jordanian hunter jets attacked an Israeli convoy in the kibbutz; the workshop was damaged and an Israeli lieutenant was injured.[8]
The kibbutz remains cooperative and offers welfare services to the residents.[3]
Economy
[edit]In the early 1980s, the "Aromor" fragrance factory was established in order to reduce the kibbutz's dependency on agriculture. By 2011 the factory provided 40% of the local budget.[9] In 2014 it was sold to the American Company International Flavors & Fragrances.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d Bernet, Michael (2004). The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope (Revised, updated ed.). Wykagyl, New York: Chester and West. pp. 44–45. ISBN 9780975582510.
- ^ a b c "גבעת עז (Giv'at Oz)" (in Hebrew). Galilee Development Authority. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-521-00967-7.
- ^ "גבעת עוז - קיבוץ [Giv'at Oz - Kibbutz]" (in Hebrew). Israeli Labour Movement. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ Bernet, Michael (2004). The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope (Revised, updated ed.). Wykagyl, New York: Chester and West. p. 46. ISBN 9780975582510.
- ^ Bernet, Michael (2004). The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope (Revised, updated ed.). Wykagyl, New York: Chester and West. pp. 83–84. ISBN 9780975582510.
- ^ Bernet, Michael (2004). The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope (Revised, updated ed.). Wykagyl, New York: Chester and West. p. 129. ISBN 9780975582510.
- ^ Gabizon, Yoram (March 22, 2011). "קשה לי לראות את גבעת עוז מתקיים בכבוד בלי ארומור" [It is hard to see Giv'at Oz exist in dignity with Aromor]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ Shavit, Ilan (15 January 2014). "IFF To Acquire Aromor Flavors Of Kibbutz Givat Oz In Israel For $88 Million". Jewish Business News. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bernet, Michael (August 2004). The Time of the Burning Sun: Six Days of War, Twelve Weeks of Hope. Chester and West. p. 44. ISBN 0975582518.
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