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The '''French India Socialist Party''' ({{lang-fr|Parti socialiste de l'Inde française}}) was a political party in [[French India]]. The party was led by [[Édouard Goubert]], Minister for General Administration for French India.<ref name="i311">Mukherjee, Amiya Ranjan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ySMYAQAAIAAJ Current Affairs: India, Pakistan and the World]''. N. pl.: Mukherjee, 1954, 311.</ref> The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule.
The '''French India Socialist Party''' ({{langx|fr|Parti socialiste de l'Inde française}}) was a political party in [[French India]]. The party was led by [[Édouard Goubert]], Minister for General Administration for French India.<ref name="i311">Mukherjee, Amiya Ranjan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ySMYAQAAIAAJ Current Affairs: India, Pakistan and the World]''. N. pl.: Mukherjee, 1954, 311.</ref> The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule.


==Founding==
==Founding==
Line 77: Line 77:


==Role in Pondicherry politics==
==Role in Pondicherry politics==
The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.<ref name="mar"/> Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided taking any clear position on the issue of merger with the [[Indian Union]] claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.<ref name = "Madhava">Madhava Menon, NR, and D Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA16 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 16–7.</ref>
The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.<ref name="mar"/> Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided taking any clear position on the issue of merger with the [[Republic of India]] claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.<ref name = "Madhava">Madhava Menon, NR, and D Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA16 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 16–7.</ref>


The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the [[Pondicherry district]] for the August 1948 municipal polls.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA15 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 15.</ref> The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.<ref name= "f17"/> All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.<ref>Chaffard, Georges. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H1COAAAAMAAJ Les carnets secrets de la décolonisation]''. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1970, 210.</ref>
The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the [[Pondicherry district]] for the August 1948 municipal polls.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA15 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 15.</ref> The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.<ref name= "f17"/> All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.<ref>Chaffard, Georges. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=H1COAAAAMAAJ Les carnets secrets de la décolonisation]''. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1970, 210.</ref>
Line 84: Line 84:


==Turn towards Merger==
==Turn towards Merger==
Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On 6 March 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.<ref name="u0"/> Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.<ref name= "p0" /> Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.<ref name="u0">Marsh, Kate. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LkpGTHIlCZgC&pg=PA37 Fictions of 1947: Representations of Indian Decolonization 1919–1962]''. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2007, 37.</ref> Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with the Indian Union.<ref name = "p0" /> The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.<ref name="p0">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA22 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 22.</ref> The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.<ref name= "u0"/> The civil disobedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on 27 March 1954.<ref>Chatterjee, Ramananda. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iDXQAAAAMAAJ The Modern Review]'', Volume 95. Calcutta: The Modern Review Office, 1954, 268.</ref> The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destabilizing French control over the colony.<ref name="u0"/>
Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On 6 March 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.<ref name="u0"/> Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.<ref name= "p0" /> Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.<ref name="u0">Marsh, Kate. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LkpGTHIlCZgC&pg=PA37 Fictions of 1947: Representations of Indian Decolonization 1919–1962]''. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2007, 37.</ref> Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with India.<ref name = "p0" /> The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.<ref name="p0">Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA22 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 22.</ref> The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.<ref name= "u0"/> The civil disobedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on 27 March 1954.<ref>Chatterjee, Ramananda. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iDXQAAAAMAAJ The Modern Review]'', Volume 95. Calcutta: The Modern Review Office, 1954, 268.</ref> The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destabilizing French control over the colony.<ref name="u0"/>


In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on 17 May, the party adopted the name '''French India Liberation Congress'''.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA26 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 26.</ref>
In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on 17 May, the party adopted the name '''French India Liberation Congress'''.<ref>Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Axfuc5A8mxMC&pg=PA26 Criminal Justice India Series]''. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 26.</ref>


==Affiliations==
==Affiliations==
The French India Socialist Party was affiliated with neither the [[Socialist Party of India]] nor the [[SFIO|French Socialist Party (SFIO)]].<ref name="f17">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-L5BAAAAYAAJ Eastern World]'', Volume 8. London: [s.n.], 1954, 17.</ref> During his parliamentary mandate, Goubert was attached to the [[Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance]] (UDSR) group of [[René Pléven]] and [[François Mitterrand]], whereas Saravane had always stayed among the ''Indépendants d'outre-mer'' (Overseas Unaffiliated) parliamentary group.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OccaAQAAMAAJ Revue de défense nationale]'', Volume 18. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1954, 634.</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Lambert Saravane|url=http://www.assembleenationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=6287|work=Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789|publisher=Assemblée Nationale|accessdate=31 January 2013|language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Edouard Goubert|url=http://www.assembleenationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=3490|work=Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789|publisher=Assemblée Nationale|accessdate=31 January 2013|language=French}}</ref> In [[Mahé, Pondicherry|Mahé]] there was a local [[Mahé Socialist Party|Socialist Party]], affiliated with the [[Socialist Party of India]], with no links to Goubert's French India Socialist Party.<ref name="oc">Weber, Jacques. ''[http://cidif.go1.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197&Itemid=3#_ftnref14 La révolte de Mahé en 1948, de J.B.P. More ]''. Lettres du C.I.D.I.F. — Lettre n°28/29.</ref>
The French India Socialist Party was affiliated with neither the [[Socialist Party of India]] nor the [[SFIO|French Socialist Party (SFIO)]].<ref name="f17">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-L5BAAAAYAAJ Eastern World]'', Volume 8. London: [s.n.], 1954, 17.</ref> During his parliamentary mandate, Goubert was attached to the [[Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance]] (UDSR) group of [[René Pléven]] and [[François Mitterrand]], whereas Saravane had always stayed among the ''Indépendants d'outre-mer'' (Overseas Unaffiliated) parliamentary group.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OccaAQAAMAAJ Revue de défense nationale]'', Volume 18. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1954, 634.</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Lambert Saravane|url=http://www.assembleenationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=6287|work=Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789|publisher=Assemblée Nationale|accessdate=31 January 2013|language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Edouard Goubert|url=http://www.assembleenationale.fr/sycomore/fiche.asp?num_dept=3490|work=Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789|publisher=Assemblée Nationale|accessdate=31 January 2013|language=French}}</ref> In [[Mahé, Pondicherry|Mahé]] there was a local [[Mahé Socialist Party|Socialist Party]], affiliated with the [[Socialist Party of India]], with no links to Goubert's French India Socialist Party.<ref name="oc">Weber, Jacques. ''[http://cidif.go1.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197&Itemid=3#_ftnref14 La révolte de Mahé en 1948, de J.B.P. More ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813150627/http://cidif.go1.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=197&Itemid=3#_ftnref14 |date=13 August 2011 }}''. Lettres du C.I.D.I.F. — Lettre n°28/29.</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1947]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in French India]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in French India]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:Defunct socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties in Puducherry]]

Latest revision as of 12:45, 1 November 2024

French India Socialist Party
Parti socialiste de l'Inde française
LeaderÉdouard Goubert
FoundedJuly 1947
Split fromNational Democratic Front
National affiliationDemocratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
Municipal council seats in Pondicherry district (1948)
102 / 102

The French India Socialist Party (French: Parti socialiste de l'Inde française) was a political party in French India. The party was led by Édouard Goubert, Minister for General Administration for French India.[1] The party played a dominant role in the political life in the colony, being backed by the French administration. The party favoured retaining links with France, but would eventually turn against French rule.

Founding

[edit]

The party was founded in July 1947, after a split in the National Democratic Front.[2] The Socialist Party was founded by Édouard Goubert, P. Counouma and Lambert Saravane, who left it shortly later.[3][4][5] The party was able to gain strong support from anti-communist urban middle-class Pondycherrites, who were opposed to the Communist Party leader V. Subbiah.[3]

Role in Pondicherry politics

[edit]

The new party quickly gained the support of the French colonial administration.[5] Under Goubert's leadership, the French India Socialist Party avoided taking any clear position on the issue of merger with the Republic of India claiming that such a question was up to the people of the colony to decide.[6]

The party fielded candidates for all of the 102 seats in the Pondicherry district for the August 1948 municipal polls.[7] The elections were reportedly heavily rigged in Goubert's favour.[8] All 102 French India Socialist Party candidates emerged victorious.[9]

The pro-Merger parties boycotted the 16 December 1951 general and municipal polls, and thus the elections were easily won by the French India Socialist Party. Goubert continued as the Minister for General Administration.[1]

Turn towards Merger

[edit]

Goubert had established a vast smuggling enterprise in Pondicherry, a fact that was well-known at the time. On 6 March 1954 French authorities charged Goubert with fiscal fraud.[10] Other Socialist Party leaders were booked under corruption charges as well.[11] Rapidly the relations between the colonial administration and the Socialist Party went sour.[10] Politically, the French India Socialist Party made a sharp turn in its policy towards favouring a merger with India.[11] The French authorities replied by stepping up the pressure on the party and its leaders. In some instances party members were attacked. Goubert and Mouttoupoulle (mayor of Pondicherry) went underground to evade capture. The party began planning to build a parallel administration in the peripheries of the Pondicherry district.[11] The party was able to use its dominance of local communities, which had been established with French patronage, to mobilize resistance against French rule.[10] The civil disobedience campaign of the Socialist Party (with support from other nationalist parties) was launched on 27 March 1954.[12] The Socialist Party resistance campaign was crucial in destabilizing French control over the colony.[10]

In May 1954, following the formation of the French India Liberation Council in Nettapakkam on 17 May, the party adopted the name French India Liberation Congress.[13]

Affiliations

[edit]

The French India Socialist Party was affiliated with neither the Socialist Party of India nor the French Socialist Party (SFIO).[8] During his parliamentary mandate, Goubert was attached to the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) group of René Pléven and François Mitterrand, whereas Saravane had always stayed among the Indépendants d'outre-mer (Overseas Unaffiliated) parliamentary group.[14] [15][16] In Mahé there was a local Socialist Party, affiliated with the Socialist Party of India, with no links to Goubert's French India Socialist Party.[17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Mukherjee, Amiya Ranjan. Current Affairs: India, Pakistan and the World. N. pl.: Mukherjee, 1954, 311.
  2. ^ Antony, Francis Cyril. Union Territory of Pondicherry. [Pondicherry]: Administration of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, 1982, 248.
  3. ^ a b David, Georgette. Pondichéry: des comptoirs français à l'Inde d'aujourd'hui. Paris: Éd. Kailash, 2004, 66.
  4. ^ More, J. B. P. Freedom Movement in French India: The Mahe Revolt of 1948. Tellicherry: Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, MESHAR, 2001, 99.
  5. ^ a b Markovits, Claude. A history of modern India, 1480-1950. London: Anthem, 2004, 518.
  6. ^ Madhava Menon, NR, and D Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 16–7.
  7. ^ Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 15.
  8. ^ a b Eastern World, Volume 8. London: [s.n.], 1954, 17.
  9. ^ Chaffard, Georges. Les carnets secrets de la décolonisation. Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1970, 210.
  10. ^ a b c d Marsh, Kate. Fictions of 1947: Representations of Indian Decolonization 1919–1962. Oxford: Peter Lang, 2007, 37.
  11. ^ a b c Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 22.
  12. ^ Chatterjee, Ramananda. The Modern Review, Volume 95. Calcutta: The Modern Review Office, 1954, 268.
  13. ^ Madhava Menon, N. R., and D. Banerjea. Criminal Justice India Series. Ahmedabad: Allied Publishers in collaboration with National University of Juridical Sciences, 2002, 26.
  14. ^ Revue de défense nationale, Volume 18. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1954, 634.
  15. ^ "Lambert Saravane". Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789 (in French). Assemblée Nationale. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  16. ^ "Edouard Goubert". Base de Données des Députés Français Depuis 1789 (in French). Assemblée Nationale. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  17. ^ Weber, Jacques. La révolte de Mahé en 1948, de J.B.P. More Archived 13 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Lettres du C.I.D.I.F. — Lettre n°28/29.
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