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{{Short description|1925 ship}}
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
|Ship image=
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship caption=
|Ship image=Hjekabs.jpg
|Ship caption=As ''Hercogs Jēkabs'' in 1939.
}}
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{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=Norway
|Ship country=Norway
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|Ship captured=
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|Ship fate=ran aground
|Ship fate=Ran aground
|Ship status=
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|Ship notes=
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|Ship badge=
}}
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{{Infobox Ship Career
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|Ship fate=sold
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{{Infobox Ship Career
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|Ship country=Latvia
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|Ship fate=nationalised by USSR
|Ship fate=Nationalised by USSR
|Ship status=
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{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=USSR
|Ship country=Soviet Union
|Ship flag=
|Ship flag=
|Ship name=Sovetskaya Latviya<br>''Советская Латвия''
|Ship name=*Sovetskaya Latviya
*Советская Латвия
|Ship namesake=[[Soviet Latvia]]
|Ship namesake=[[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic|Soviet Latvia]]
|Ship owner=
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=[[Dalstroy]]
|Ship operator=[[Dalstroy]]
|Ship registry=
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|Ship fate=Deleted 1967
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|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
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}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
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|Header caption=
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|Ship class=
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|Ship type=
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=4,138 [[gross tonnage|gross tons]]<br>2,366 [[net tonnage|net tons]]
|Ship tonnage=*4,138 [[gross register tonnage|gross register tons]]
*2,366 [[net register tonnage|net register tons]]
*7,780 t [[deadweight tonnage|DWT]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
⚫
|Ship length={{convert|115|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|378|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|16|m|abbr=on}}
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|Ship power=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=6 cylinder 4 t single acting compound<br>2000 bhp diesel engines
|Ship propulsion=*6-cylinder 4 t single acting compound
*2000 bhp diesel engines
|Ship sail plan=
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|Ship boats=
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|Ship capacity=7,780 t [[deadweight tonnage|DWT]]
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'''[[Motor ship|MV]] ''Sovetskaya Latviya''''' (Soviet Latvia, {{lang-ru|''Советская Латвия''}}) was a transport ship operated by the [[Dalstroy]] concern of the [[NKVD]]. One of its main uses was to transport prisoners as forced labour in the [[Kolyma]] [[Gulag|camps system]].
'''[[Motor ship|MV]] ''Sovetskaya Latviya''''' (Soviet Latvia, {{langx|ru|Советская Латвия}}) was a transport ship operated by the [[Dalstroy]] concern of the [[NKVD]]. One of its main uses was to transport prisoners as forced labour in the [[Kolyma]] [[Gulag|camps system]].


== Prior to Soviet ownership ==
== Prior to Soviet ownership ==


The ship was originally christened ''Childar'' when launched on 25 November 1925.<ref name=Miramar>{{cite Miramar|id=5533602|accessdate=28 March 2009}}</ref> It was operated as a merchant vessel for several years by the Norwegian line Wiel & Amundsen Rederi A/S, based in [[Halden]].
The ship was originally christened ''Childar'' when launched on 25 November 1925.<ref name=Miramar>{{csr|register=MSI|id=5533602|accessdate=28 March 2009}}</ref> It was operated as a merchant vessel for several years by the Norwegian line Wiel & Amundsen Rederi A/S, based in [[Halden]].


''Childar'' ran aground on 4 May 1934 at the entrance to the [[Columbia River]] in the United States while en route to [[Cape Town]], South Africa. Four seamen were killed in this incident.<ref>{{cite news |title= Four Seamen Killed as Ship Grounds |url= http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=94522134&sid=6&Fmt=1&clientId=22222&RQT=309&VName=HNP |work= Financial |publisher= [[The New York Times]] |page= 33 |date= 1934-05-05 |accessdate=2007-10-11 }}</ref>
''Childar'' ran aground on 4 May 1934 at the entrance to the [[Columbia River]] in the United States while en route to [[Cape Town]], South Africa. Four seamen were killed in this incident.<ref>{{cite news |title= Four Seamen Killed as Ship Grounds|work= Financial |publisher= [[The New York Times]] |page= 33 |date= 1934-05-05 }}</ref>


The ship was eventually was repaired at [[Porsgrunn]] and re-launched in May 1935 as MS ''Aakre'' by another Norwegian line, Rederi A/S Henneseid (Thoralf Holta).
The ship was eventually repaired at [[Porsgrunn]] and re-launched in May 1935 as MS ''Aakre'' by another Norwegian line, Rederi A/S Henneseid (Thoralf Holta).


In 1939, it was purchased by the Latvian United Shipping Company (Apvienotā Kuģniecības Akciju Sabiedrība), in [[Riga]], [[Latvia]], and renamed ''Hercogs Jēkabs'', in honour of [[Jacob Kettler|Duke Jacob of Courland]]. It was planned that she would maintain a monthly cargo service between Riga and [[New York]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Latvian Ship Due Friday; To End Fifteen-Day Trip From Riga at Brooklyn |url= http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=93920405&sid=4&Fmt=1&clientId=22222&RQT=309&VName=HNP |publisher= [[The New York Times]] |page= 10 |date= 1939-05-29 |accessdate=2007-10-11 }}</ref>
In 1939, it was purchased by the Latvian United Shipping Company (Apvienotā Kuģniecības Akciju Sabiedrība), in [[Riga]], [[Latvia]], and renamed ''Hercogs Jēkabs'', in honour of [[Jacob Kettler|Duke Jacob of Courland]]. It was planned that she would maintain a monthly cargo service between Riga and [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Latvian Ship Due Friday; To End Fifteen-Day Trip From Riga at Brooklyn |work= [[The New York Times]] |page= 10 |date= 1939-05-29 |id= {{ProQuest|102891425}} }}</ref> At that time it was one of the biggest and most modern ships in Latvia as it was only second ship with diesel engine in Latvian merchant fleet. The ship was involved in transatlantic voyages from Europe to North and South America.


== In Soviet service ==
== In Soviet service ==


When Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, all merchant vessels were nationalised by the Soviet state, including ''Hercogs Jēkabs''. Some of the ships were within the immediate control of Soviet authorities and were thereby impressed into the service of the Soviet-controlled Latvian State Sea Shipping Company. However, many Latvian-registered ships outside of Soviet-controlled waters defected and turned themselves over to control of other nations. The exception to the last rule was ''Hercogs Jēkabs'', which even though outside the reach of Communist authorities along the coast of Chile, nonetheless attempted to sail to the USSR. A dispute about ownership and control was resolved in the favor of the USSR and in time the ship voyaged for Vladivostok. The ship was renamed ''Sovetskaya Latviya'' in 1942, around which time it entered service for the NKVD and Dalstroy.
When [[Latvia]] was [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940]], all merchant vessels were nationalised by the Soviet state, including ''Hercogs Jēkabs''. Some of the ships were within the immediate control of Soviet authorities and were thereby impressed into the service of the Soviet-controlled [[Latvian State Sea Shipping Company]]. However, many Latvian-registered ships outside Soviet-controlled waters [[Latvian Mercantile Marine during World War II|defected and turned themselves over to the control of other nations]]. The exception to the last rule was ''Hercogs Jēkabs'', which even though outside the reach of Communist authorities along the coast of [[Chile]], nonetheless attempted to sail to the [[Soviet Union|USSR]], despite differing opinions among the crew. A dispute about ownership and control was resolved in the favor of the USSR despite the attempts of [[Latvian Diplomatic Service|Latvian diplomats in the West]] and in time the ship voyaged for [[Vladivostok]]. The ship was renamed ''Sovetskaya Latviya'' in 1942, around which time it entered service for the [[NKVD]] and [[Dalstroy]].


It was struck from the Soviet register in 1967.
It was struck from the Soviet register in 1967.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


==Sources==
==Sources==
* http://www.warsailors.com/freefleet/norfleeta1.html
* http://www.warsailors.com/freefleet/norfleeta1.html
* Bollinger, Martin J., ''Stalin’s slave ships: Kolyma, the Gulag fleet, and the role of the West'', Praeger, 2003, 217 p., ISBN 0275981002
* Bollinger, Martin J., ''Stalin's slave ships: Kolyma, the Gulag fleet, and the role of the West'', Praeger, 2003, 217 p., {{ISBN|0-275-98100-2}}
{{Kockums Naval Solutions}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovetskaya Latviya}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovetskaya Latviya}}
[[Category:1925 ships]]
[[Category:1925 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Sweden]]
[[Category:Ships built in Malmö]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of Norway]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of Latvia]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of Latvia]]
[[Category:Ships of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Ships of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Prison ships]]
[[Category:Ships of the Gulag]]
[[Category:Gulag]]

[[nl:Sovjetskaja Latvia]]

Latest revision as of 12:56, 1 November 2024

As Hercogs Jēkabs in 1939.
History
Norway
NameChildar
OwnerWiel & Amundsen Rederi A/S
BuilderKockums, Malmö, Sweden
Launched25 November 1925
Out of service1934
HomeportHalden
FateRan aground
Norway
NameAakre
NamesakeÅkre
OwnerRederi A/S Henneseid (Thoralf Holta)
Acquired1934
RenamedMay 1935
Reinstated1935
FateSold
Latvia
NameHercogs Jēkabs
NamesakeDuke Jacob of Courland
OwnerApvienotā Kuģniecības Akciju Sabiedrība
Acquired1939
Renamed1939
HomeportRiga
FateNationalised by USSR
Soviet Union
Name
  • Sovetskaya Latviya
  • Советская Латвия
NamesakeSoviet Latvia
OperatorDalstroy
Acquired1940
Out of service1967
RenamedSovetskaya Latviya (1942)
Nickname(s)Sovlatviya
FateDeleted 1967
General characteristics
Tonnage
Length115 m (377 ft)
Beam16 m (52 ft)
Propulsion
  • 6-cylinder 4 t single acting compound
  • 2000 bhp diesel engines

MV Sovetskaya Latviya (Soviet Latvia, Russian: Советская Латвия) was a transport ship operated by the Dalstroy concern of the NKVD. One of its main uses was to transport prisoners as forced labour in the Kolyma camps system.

Prior to Soviet ownership

[edit]

The ship was originally christened Childar when launched on 25 November 1925.[1] It was operated as a merchant vessel for several years by the Norwegian line Wiel & Amundsen Rederi A/S, based in Halden.

Childar ran aground on 4 May 1934 at the entrance to the Columbia River in the United States while en route to Cape Town, South Africa. Four seamen were killed in this incident.[2]

The ship was eventually repaired at Porsgrunn and re-launched in May 1935 as MS Aakre by another Norwegian line, Rederi A/S Henneseid (Thoralf Holta).

In 1939, it was purchased by the Latvian United Shipping Company (Apvienotā Kuģniecības Akciju Sabiedrība), in Riga, Latvia, and renamed Hercogs Jēkabs, in honour of Duke Jacob of Courland. It was planned that she would maintain a monthly cargo service between Riga and New York City.[3] At that time it was one of the biggest and most modern ships in Latvia as it was only second ship with diesel engine in Latvian merchant fleet. The ship was involved in transatlantic voyages from Europe to North and South America.

In Soviet service

[edit]

When Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, all merchant vessels were nationalised by the Soviet state, including Hercogs Jēkabs. Some of the ships were within the immediate control of Soviet authorities and were thereby impressed into the service of the Soviet-controlled Latvian State Sea Shipping Company. However, many Latvian-registered ships outside Soviet-controlled waters defected and turned themselves over to the control of other nations. The exception to the last rule was Hercogs Jēkabs, which even though outside the reach of Communist authorities along the coast of Chile, nonetheless attempted to sail to the USSR, despite differing opinions among the crew. A dispute about ownership and control was resolved in the favor of the USSR despite the attempts of Latvian diplomats in the West and in time the ship voyaged for Vladivostok. The ship was renamed Sovetskaya Latviya in 1942, around which time it entered service for the NKVD and Dalstroy.

It was struck from the Soviet register in 1967.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "5533602". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  2. ^ "Four Seamen Killed as Ship Grounds". Financial. The New York Times. 1934-05-05. p. 33.
  3. ^ "Latvian Ship Due Friday; To End Fifteen-Day Trip From Riga at Brooklyn". The New York Times. 1939-05-29. p. 10. ProQuest 102891425.

Sources

[edit]
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