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| branch = {{flagicon image|Red Army flag.svg}} [[Red Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Red Army flag.svg}} [[Soviet Army]]<br />{{army|Russia}}
| branch = {{flagicon image|Red Army flag.svg}} [[Red Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Red Army flag.svg}} [[Soviet Army]]<br />{{army|Russia}}
| dates = 1939–1945<br />1960–1998<br />2010–present
| dates = 1939–1945<br />1960–1998<br />2010–present
| command_structure = [[Northern Military District (Soviet Union)|Northern Military District]] (1951-1960) [[Leningrad Military District]] (1960–1998) [[Western Military District]] (2010– )
| command_structure = [[Northern Military District (Soviet Union)|Northern Military District]] (1951-1960)<br>[[Leningrad Military District]] (1960–1998)<br>[[Western Military District]] (2010–2024)<br>[[Leningrad Military District]] (2024–present)
| size = Several [[Rifle corps (Soviet)|corps]] or divisions
| size = Several [[Rifle corps (Soviet)|corps]] or divisions
| garrison = [[Agalatovo]], [[Leningrad Oblast]]
| garrison = [[Agalatovo]], [[Leningrad Oblast]]
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**[[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)]]
**[[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)]]
**[[Operation Barbarossa]]
**[[Operation Barbarossa]]
**[[Second Battle of Kharkov]]<br />
**[[Second Battle of Kharkov]]
*[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
*[[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
**[[Battle of Kharkiv (2022)|Kharkiv offensive]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iswresearch.org/2022/06/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment_6.html | title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 6 }}</ref>
**[[Battle of Kharkiv (2022)|Kharkiv offensive]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iswresearch.org/2022/06/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment_6.html | title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 6 }}</ref>
**[[Battle of the Svatove-Kreminna line]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-23-2023 | title=RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 23, 2023 }}</ref>
**[[Battle of the Svatove-Kreminna line]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-april-23-2023 | title=RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 23, 2023 }}</ref>
**[[2024 Kursk offensive]]
| decorations = {{OrderRedBanner}}
| decorations = {{OrderRedBanner}}
| current_commander = [[Lieutenant General]] {{ill|Alexander Vasilyevich Peryazev|ru|Перязев, Александр Васильевич}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISW: Ukraine bolsters defenses in response to potential Russian offensive on Kharkiv |url=http://odessa-journal.com/isw-ukraine-bolsters-defenses-in-response-to-potential-russian-offensive-on-kharkiv |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=odessa-journal.com |language=en}}</ref>
| current_commander = Unknown
| notable_commanders =
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol = {{Mil Map Symbol
| identification_symbol = {{Mil Map Symbol
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}}
}}


The '''6th Combined Arms Army''' ({{Lang-ru|6-я общевойсковая армия}}) is a [[field army]] of the [[Red Army]] and the [[Soviet Army]] that was active with the [[Russian Ground Forces]] until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the '''6th Combined Arms Army'''. Military Unit number в/ч 31807.
The '''6th Red Banner Combined Arms Army''' ({{Langx|ru|6-я общевойсковая армия}}) is a [[field army]] of the [[Red Army]] and the [[Soviet Army]] that was active with the [[Russian Ground Forces]] until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the '''6th Combined Arms Army'''. Military Unit number в/ч 31807.


It was first formed in August 1939 in the [[Kiev Special Military District]] from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).<ref>6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО) (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.</ref>
It was first formed in August 1939 in the [[Kiev Special Military District]] from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).<ref>6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО) (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.</ref>
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==Third Formation==
==Third Formation==
The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the [[6th Reserve Army]], comprising the [[45th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|45th]], [[99th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|99th]], [[141st Rifle Division|141st]], [[160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)|160th]], [[20th Guards Rifle Division|174th]], [[212th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|212th]], [[219th Rifle Division|219th]], and [[309th Rifle Division|309th Rifle Divisions]] plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the [[Voronezh Front|Voronezh]], [[Soviet Southwestern Front|Southwestern]], and [[3rd Ukrainian Front]]s. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the [[Alpini]] divisions of the [[Eighth Army (Italy)|Italian 8th Army]] as part of [[Italian war in Soviet Union, 1941-1943#November 1942-February 1943, Operation Little Saturn|Operation Little Saturn]].
The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the [[6th Reserve Army]], comprising the [[45th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|45th]], [[99th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|99th]], [[141st Rifle Division|141st]], [[160th Rifle Division (1940 formation)|160th]], [[20th Guards Rifle Division|174th]], [[212th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|212th]], [[219th Rifle Division|219th]], and [[309th Rifle Division]]s plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the [[Voronezh Front|Voronezh]], [[Soviet Southwestern Front|Southwestern]], and [[3rd Ukrainian Front]]s. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the [[Alpini]] divisions of the [[Eighth Army (Italy)|Italian 8th Army]] as part of [[Italian war in Soviet Union, 1941-1943#November 1942-February 1943, Operation Little Saturn|Operation Little Saturn]].


In September 1943 it consisted of the [[4th Guards Rifle Corps]] ([[38th Guards Rifle Division|38th Guards]], [[263rd Rifle Division|263rd]], [[267th Rifle Division]]s), [[26th Guards Rifle Corps]] ([[25th Guards Rifle Division|25th Guards]], [[35th Guards Rifle Division|35th]] and [[47th Guards Rifle Division]]s), and the [[33rd Rifle Corps]] ([[50th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|50th]], [[78th Rifle Division|78th]], [[243rd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|243rd Rifle Divisions]]).<ref>BSSA via tashv.nm.ru</ref>
In September 1943 it consisted of the [[4th Guards Rifle Corps]] ([[38th Guards Rifle Division|38th Guards]], [[263rd Rifle Division|263rd]], [[267th Rifle Division]]s), [[26th Guards Rifle Corps]] ([[25th Guards Rifle Division|25th Guards]], [[35th Guards Rifle Division|35th]] and [[47th Guards Rifle Division]]s), and the [[33rd Rifle Corps]] ([[50th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|50th]], [[78th Rifle Division|78th]], [[243rd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|243rd Rifle Divisions]]).<ref>BSSA via tashv.nm.ru</ref>
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The army was reformed again from Headquarters [[Northern Military District (Soviet Union)|Northern Military District]] in May–June 1960 with headquarters at [[Petrozavodsk]].<ref>[[Valentin Varennikov]] "Unique," Book 2, page 73.</ref> On 15 January 1974, it was awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner]].<ref name=":0" />
The army was reformed again from Headquarters [[Northern Military District (Soviet Union)|Northern Military District]] in May–June 1960 with headquarters at [[Petrozavodsk]].<ref>[[Valentin Varennikov]] "Unique," Book 2, page 73.</ref> On 15 January 1974, it was awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner]].<ref name=":0" />


In 1977 the 88th Independent Helicopter Squadron was moved from [[Nurmalitsy]] to [[Apatity]].
In 1977 the 88th Independent Helicopter Squadron was moved from [[Nurmalitsy]] to [[Apatity]].


In 1988 the army consisted of:
In 1988 the army consisted of:
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* 95th Command Brigade in [[Gorelovo (air base)|Gorelovo, Leningrad Oblast]]
* 95th Command Brigade in [[Gorelovo (air base)|Gorelovo, Leningrad Oblast]]
* 132nd Signals Brigade in [[Agalatovo|Agalatovo, Leningrad Oblast]]
* 132nd Signals Brigade in [[Agalatovo|Agalatovo, Leningrad Oblast]]
* [[25th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] ( в/ч 29760) [[Vladimirsky Lager]], [[Pskov Oblast]] <ref name="und10">{{cite web |title=RUSSIAN REGULAR GROUND FORCES ORDER OF BATTLE |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/October%2012%2C%202023%20Russian%20Orbat_Final.pdf |date=October 2023}}</ref>
* [[25th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] ( в/ч 29760) [[Vladimirsky Lager]], [[Pskov Oblast]]<ref name="und10">{{cite web |title=RUSSIAN REGULAR GROUND FORCES ORDER OF BATTLE |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/October%2012%2C%202023%20Russian%20Orbat_Final.pdf |date=October 2023}}</ref>
* [[138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] (в/ч 02511) [[Kamenka, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Kamenka, Leningrad Oblast]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 16, 2023 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-16-2023 |date=16 February 2023}}</ref> <ref name="und10"/>
* [[138th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] (в/ч 02511) [[Kamenka, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Kamenka, Leningrad Oblast]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 16, 2023 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-february-16-2023 |date=16 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="und10"/>
* 9th Guards Artillery Brigade (в/ч 54006) [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast]] <ref name="und10"/>
* 9th Guards Artillery Brigade (в/ч 54006) [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast]]<ref name="und10"/>
* [[5th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade]] (в/ч 74429) [[Lomonosov, Leningrad Oblast]] <ref name="und10"/>
* [[5th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade]] (в/ч 74429) [[Lomonosov, Leningrad Oblast]]<ref name="und10"/>
* [[26th Rocket Brigade]], [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast]] (surface-to-surface missiles)
* [[26th Rocket Brigade]], [[Luga, Leningrad Oblast]] (surface-to-surface missiles)
* 30th Engineering Regiment, Kerro, [[Leningrad Oblast]]
* 30th Engineering Regiment, Kerro, [[Leningrad Oblast]]
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* Lieutenant-General [[Ivan Muzychenko]] (07.26.1940 – 08/10/1941) (captured)
* Lieutenant-General [[Ivan Muzychenko]] (07.26.1940 – 08/10/1941) (captured)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General [[Rodion Malinovsky]] (08/25/1941 – 12/24/1941)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General [[Rodion Malinovsky]] (08/25/1941 – 12/24/1941)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General Aksenty Gorodnyansky (01/25/1942 – 05/27/1942) (died 05/27/1942)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General Avksenty Gorodnyansky (01/25/1942 – 05/27/1942) (KIA 05/27/1942)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General [[Fyodor Kharitonov]] (07/08/1942 – 05/20/1943) (died 05/28/1943)
* Major General, Lieutenant-General [[Fyodor Kharitonov]] (07/08/1942 – 05/20/1943) (died 05/28/1943)
* Lieutenant-General [[Ivan Shlemin]] (05/21/1943 – 05/28/1944)
* Lieutenant-General [[Ivan Shlemin]] (05/21/1943 – 05/28/1944)
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* Lieutenant General [[Andrey Kuzmenko (general)|Andrei Vladimirovich Kuzmenko]] (February 2016 – February 2019)
* Lieutenant General [[Andrey Kuzmenko (general)|Andrei Vladimirovich Kuzmenko]] (February 2016 – February 2019)
* Lieutenant General Vladislav Nikolaevich Yershov (February 2019 – March 2022 [dismissed])
* Lieutenant General Vladislav Nikolaevich Yershov (February 2019 – March 2022 [dismissed])
* Lieutenant General Andrey Peryazev (August 2023 – present)


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:00, 1 November 2024

6th Combined Arms Army
6-я общевойсковая армия
Great emblem of the 6th Combined Arms Army
Great emblem of the 6th Combined Arms Army
Active1939–1945
1960–1998
2010–present
Country Soviet Union
 Russia
Branch Red Army
Soviet Army
 Russian Ground Forces
TypeCombined Arms
SizeSeveral corps or divisions
Part ofNorthern Military District (1951-1960)
Leningrad Military District (1960–1998)
Western Military District (2010–2024)
Leningrad Military District (2024–present)
Garrison/HQAgalatovo, Leningrad Oblast
Engagements
DecorationsOrder of the Red Banner Order of the Red Banner
Commanders
Current
commander		Lieutenant General Alexander Vasilyevich Peryazev [ru][3]
Insignia
NATO Map Symbol
6
ОА

The 6th Red Banner Combined Arms Army (Russian: 6-я общевойсковая армия) is a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Army that was active with the Russian Ground Forces until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the 6th Combined Arms Army. Military Unit number в/ч 31807.

It was first formed in August 1939 in the Kiev Special Military District from the Volochiskaya Army Group (a corps-sized formation).[4]

First Formation

[edit]

In September 1939 it participated in the Soviet invasion of Poland. At the beginning of war the Army (6th Rifle Corps, 37th Rifle Corps (which included the 80th, 139th, and 141st Rifle Divisions), 4th and 15th Mechanized Corps, 5th Cavalry Corps, 4th Fortified Region, and 6th Fortified Region (Rava-Ruska), and a number of artillery and other units)[5] was deployed on the Lviv direction. It started the Great Patriotic War as part of the Southwestern Front. The army's headquarters was disbanded 10 August 1941 after the Battle of Uman. In this battle, the 6th Army was caught in a huge encirclement south of Kiev along with the 12th Army.

Second Formation

[edit]

It was immediately reformed within the Southern Front on the basis of the 48th Rifle Corps and other units, and defended the west bank of the Dnepr River northwest of Dnipropetrovsk.[6] On 1 September 1941 it consisted of 169th, 226th, 230th, 255th, 273rd, and 275th Rifle Divisions, 26th and 28th Cavalry Divisions, 47th Rifle Regiment (15th NKVD Rifle Division), 269th, 274th, and 394th Corps Artillery Regiments, 522nd High-power Howitzer Artillery Regiment гап б/м, 671st Artillery Regiment of the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (ап РВГК), 14th, 27th Separate Anti-Aircraft Artillery Divisions, and 8th Tank Division.[7] It was then transferred to the Soviet Southwestern Front and took part in defensive actions in the Donbas, the Barvenkovo-Lozovaia operation, and the Second Battle of Kharkov, but along with the 57th Army, was surrounded in the Izium pocket with the loss of 200,000 plus men in casualties alone, and afterwards formally disbanded.

Third Formation

[edit]

The Army was reformed in July 1942 for the third time from the 6th Reserve Army, comprising the 45th, 99th, 141st, 160th, 174th, 212th, 219th, and 309th Rifle Divisions plus the 141st Rifle Brigade. It was assigned in sequence to the Voronezh, Southwestern, and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts. In January 1943, the 6th Army smashed through the defensive lines of the Alpini divisions of the Italian 8th Army as part of Operation Little Saturn.

In September 1943 it consisted of the 4th Guards Rifle Corps (38th Guards, 263rd, 267th Rifle Divisions), 26th Guards Rifle Corps (25th Guards, 35th and 47th Guards Rifle Divisions), and the 33rd Rifle Corps (50th, 78th, 243rd Rifle Divisions).[8]

In 1944 it took part in the Nikopol-Kryvyi Rih, Bereznogova-Snigorovka, and Odessa offensives. It was disbanded in June 1944.

Fourth Formation

[edit]

The 6th Army was reformed in December 1944 with troops from 3rd Guards and 13th Armies. On 1 January 1945 the Army consisted of the 22nd Rifle Corps (218th and 273rd Rifle Divisions), the 74th Rifle Corps (181st and 309th Rifle Divisions), the 359th Rifle Division, the 77th Fortified Region, and other support units.[9]

During 1945 the Army took part in the Sandomierz–Silesia, and the Lower Silesia offensives. During the Lower Silesia offensive in February 1945, 6th Army, commanded by Marshal Ivan Koniev, besieged Fortress Breslau (Festung Breslau) in the Battle of Breslau. The army besieged the city on February 13, 1945, and the encirclement of Breslau was completed the following day. The 1st Ukrainian Front forces besieged the city with the 22nd and 74th Rifle Corps, and the 77th Fortified Region, as well as other smaller units. Even approximate estimates vary greatly concerning the number of German troops trapped in Breslau. Some sources claim that there were as many as 150,000 defenders, some 80,000 and some 50,000. The Siege of Breslau consisted of destructive house-to-house street fighting. The city was bombarded to ruin by artillery of the 6th Army, as well as the 2nd Air Army and the 18th Air Army. During the siege, both sides resorted to setting entire districts of the city on fire.

After the end of the Second World War, the 6th Army was withdrawn from Germany and stationed briefly in the Orel Military District before being disbanded in the Voronezh Military District late in 1945.

Fifth Formation

[edit]

The 6th Army was (re)formed from the 31st Rifle Corps on 2 April 1952 in Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast.[10] That year it comprised the 45th Rifle Division (Pechenga, Murmansk Oblast); the 67th Rifle Division (Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast); the 341st Rifle Division (Alakurtti, Murmansk Oblast); and the 367th Rifle Division (Sortavala, Karelian ASSR). The army was disbanded at Murmansk in early 1960.[10]

The army was reformed again from Headquarters Northern Military District in May–June 1960 with headquarters at Petrozavodsk.[11] On 15 January 1974, it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.[10]

In 1977 the 88th Independent Helicopter Squadron was moved from Nurmalitsy to Apatity.

In 1988 the army consisted of:

In 1989 the 16th Motor Rifle Division (mobilisation) became the 5186th Base for Storage of Weapons and Equipment (БХВТ) (30th мотострелковая бригада), and the 37th similarly became a weapons and equipment storage base (VKhVT). In 1994-95 the 111th Motor Rifle Division (Sortavala) became the 20th Independent Motor Rifle Brigade and shifted into the 30th Guards Army Corps.

In January 1996 it consisted of the 161st Artillery Brigade, the 182nd MRL Regiment, the 485th Separate Helicopter Regiment, the 54th Motor Rifle Division (Allakurtti), and the 131st Motor Rifle Division (Pechenga).[18] It finally disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1997–98.

Sixth Formation

[edit]

In 2010, as part of the creation of the Western Military District / Western Operational-Strategic Command with headquarters at St. Petersburg, the army was reformed. The new 6th Army may include:[19]

The army took part in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Its units fought during the Northeastern Ukraine offensive around Kharkiv, but failed to capture the city.[22] Reportedly, the army's commander, Lieutenant General Yershov, was dismissed and placed under house arrest at the end of March.[23] As of April 2023, the army is conducting operations along the Svatove-Kreminna line in Luhansk Oblast.[24]

Commanders

[edit]
  • Lieutenant-General Filipp Golikov (09/28/1939 – July 1940)
  • Lieutenant-General Ivan Muzychenko (07.26.1940 – 08/10/1941) (captured)
  • Major General, Lieutenant-General Rodion Malinovsky (08/25/1941 – 12/24/1941)
  • Major General, Lieutenant-General Avksenty Gorodnyansky (01/25/1942 – 05/27/1942) (KIA 05/27/1942)
  • Major General, Lieutenant-General Fyodor Kharitonov (07/08/1942 – 05/20/1943) (died 05/28/1943)
  • Lieutenant-General Ivan Shlemin (05/21/1943 – 05/28/1944)
  • Colonel General Vyacheslav Tsvetayev (September 12, 1944 – September 28, 1944)
  • Major General Fyodor Kulishev (09/29/1944 – 12/06/1944)
  • Lieutenant-General Vladimir Gluzdovsky (12/07/1944 – 05/09/1945)
  • ...
  • Lieutenant General Yevgeny Alekseyevich (January 2011 – April 2013)
  • Lieutenant General Sergei Vasilyevich Kuralenko (May 2013 – December 2015)
  • Lieutenant General Andrei Vladimirovich Kuzmenko (February 2016 – February 2019)
  • Lieutenant General Vladislav Nikolaevich Yershov (February 2019 – March 2022 [dismissed])
  • Lieutenant General Andrey Peryazev (August 2023 – present)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 6".
  2. ^ "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, APRIL 23, 2023".
  3. ^ "ISW: Ukraine bolsters defenses in response to potential Russian offensive on Kharkiv". odessa-journal.com. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  4. ^ 6th Army- б. Восточная (первоначально - Винницкая, затем - Волочиская армейская группа КОВО) (0000 Там же, а также "Другая война. 1939-1945". М., 1996, с.248.) КОВО. Lenskii 2001.
  5. ^ Leo Niehorster, Order of Battle, 22 June 1941
  6. ^ Bonn/Glantz, Slaughterhouse, Aberjona Press, 2005, p.311
  7. ^ tashv.nm.ru, [Combat composition of the Soviet Army, 1 September 1941], accessed October 2011
  8. ^ BSSA via tashv.nm.ru
  9. ^ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army Archived 2010-06-12 at the Wayback Machine, 1 January 1945
  10. ^ a b c Holm, Michael. "6th Combined Arms Army". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  11. ^ Valentin Varennikov "Unique," Book 2, page 73.
  12. ^ Holm, Michael. "16th Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  13. ^ Holm, Michael. "109th Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  14. ^ "116th Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  15. ^ "54th Motorised Rifle Division". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  16. ^ Holm, Michael. "88th independent Helicopter Squadron". ww2.dk. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  17. ^ Holm, Michael. "6th Missile Brigade". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
  18. ^ Andrew Duncan, 'Russian forces in decline - Part 2,' Jane's Intelligence Review, October 1996, p.444
  19. ^ Institute for the Study of War, Russia's Military Posture: Ground Forces Order of Battle, March 2018. Washington D.C.
  20. ^ a b c d "RUSSIAN REGULAR GROUND FORCES ORDER OF BATTLE" (PDF). October 2023.
  21. ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, February 16, 2023". 16 February 2023.
  22. ^ "UAWarData". www.uawardata.com.
  23. ^ "The General Staff of the Ukrainian Army named the Russian generals who lost their jobs or lives due to the war in Ukraine".
  24. ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2023-09-04.

References

[edit]
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