Sebastatsi Murad: Difference between revisions
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| caption = [[Battle of Erzincan]], 1916 |
| caption = [[Battle of Erzincan]], 1916 |
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| birth_date = 1874 |
| birth_date = 1874 |
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| death_date = |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1918|8|4|1874}} |
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| birth_place = Govdun, [[Sivas Vilayet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] |
| birth_place = Govdun, [[Sivas Vilayet]], [[Ottoman Empire]] |
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| death_place = [[Baku]], [[Baku Governorate]], [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan]] |
| death_place = [[Baku]], [[Baku Governorate]], [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan]] |
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| placeofburial_label = |
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| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> |
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> |
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| nickname = Murad of Sebastia |
| nickname = Murad of Sebastia |
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| birth_name = |
| birth_name = |
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| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Armenian Revolutionary Federation logo 1915.png}} [[Dashnaktsutyun]] |
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|}} [[Hnchakian]]{{flagicon image|Armenian Revolutionary Federation logo 1915.png}} [[Dashnaktsutyun]] |
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| branch = |
| branch = |
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| serviceyears = |
| serviceyears = 1890s—1918 |
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| rank = |
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| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.--> |
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.--> |
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| unit = |
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| commands = |
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| battles = [[Armenian National Liberation Movement]]<br>[[1904 Sasun Uprising]]<br>[[World War I |
| battles = [[Armenian National Liberation Movement]]<br>[[1904 Sasun Uprising|Sasun Uprising]]<br>[[World War I]] |
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* [[Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)]] |
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* [[Battle of Erzincan]] |
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* [[Battle of Baku]] |
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| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced --> |
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'''Murad of Sebastia''' ({{ |
'''Murad of Sebastia''' ({{langx|hy|Սեբաստացի Մուրատ}}, ''Sebastatsi Murad''; Murad of Sebastia; Murad Khrimian; Murad Hagopian;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genocide.ru/enc/murad.htm|title=Мурад Себастаци|work=genocide.ru}}</ref> 1874 — 4 August 1918) was a well-known Armenian [[fedayee]] during the Armenian national liberation movement in the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewy|first=Guenter|title=The Armenian massacres in Ottoman Turkey: a disputed genocide|url=https://archive.org/details/armenianmassacre00lewy|url-access=limited|date=Nov 21, 2005|publisher=University of Utah Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/armenianmassacre00lewy/page/n30 31]}}</ref> He was born in the Armenian village of Govdun (Կովտուն), about 20 km east of the town of [[Sivas]] (from where he got his nickname, ''Sebastatsi'') to a poor rural family that had recently moved to the village. After working as a shepherd and farm labourer during his childhood, he moved as a teenager to [[Constantinople]], where he worked for meagre earnings as a carrier. He joined the [[Social Democrat Hunchakian Party]] and, in the 1890s, participated in Armenian demonstrations protesting against the second-class treatment of Armenians within the Ottoman Empire. |
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After |
After assassinating an Armenian informer he escaped to Greece and then to Egypt. He then became a member of the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]], joined fedayee bands, and participated in guerrilla activities in response to the [[Hamidian massacres]]. In 1904 he played a visible role during the [[Sasun Uprising (1904)|Sasun Uprising]],<ref name="Mourat">Garegin Pasdermadjian, "Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War," translated by Aram Torossian, page 22.</ref> and then started to operate in [[Van, Turkey|Van]]. During the [[Armenian-Tatar massacres 1905-1907]], he was designated head of defense of the [[Syunik Region|Zangezur]] region and, gathering a group of 50 horsemen, he defended the Armenian population of Kapan from massacres.<ref name="Mourat" /> An amnesty following the [[Young Turk]] revolution of 1908 allowed Murad to return to the Ottoman Empire, where he worked in Van and in Sivas. In particular, he participated in the organization of a network of schools and charitable and female societies, and taught physical culture and theatrical art at Armenian schools. |
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==World War I == |
==World War I == |
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{{See also|Armenian Resistance}} |
{{See also|Armenian Resistance}} |
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[[Image:S. Murat's group.jpg|thumb|250px|Murad's group of fedayees.]] |
[[Image:S. Murat's group.jpg|thumb|250px|Murad's group of fedayees.]] |
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At the beginning of the [[Armenian |
At the beginning of the [[Armenian genocide]] in 1915, Murad was at Sivas. After the order of deportation, in March 1915, Turkish gendarmes were sent to arrest Murad on the order of the Vali of Sivas.<ref>Murad Meneshian, ''The Village of Govdun'', in "Armenian Sivas and Lesser Armenia", ed. Richard G. Hovannisian, 2004.</ref> The Ottoman authorities had promised the Armenian population that they would be excluded from deportations if they handed Murad over. Many Armenians, particularly the elders who did not want to leave their property and home, began to report to the Ottoman authorities about his whereabouts. Escaping capture, Murad and a small band of compatriots took to the hills and engaged in guerilla warfare against Turkish cavalry and infantry units sent to find him. In the autumn of 1915 he moved towards the Black Sea coast at [[Samsun]] where, joined by some Greek rebels, he captured a sailboat and escaped to the Russian port of [[Batumi|Batum]]. He then travelled to Tiflis and joined the First Armenian Volunteer Battalion in the Russian forces. When in Tiflis, he gave an account of his adventures, and the fate of the Armenian population of the Sivas vilayet, that appeared in [[James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce|James Bryce]]'s report "The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire". He was with the Armenian Volunteer Battalion at the [[Battle of Erzinjan]], and in Erzingan he organised a fund which rescued hundreds of Armenian women and children being held in Turkish and Kurdish households. He was killed leading a charge against Turkish positions during the [[Battle of Baku]] on 4 August 1918.<ref name="Mourat"/><ref>Mikayel Varandian, Murad of Sebastia, |
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translated and edited with an introduction by Ara Ghazarians, Arlington, MA, Armenian Cultural Foundation, 2006.</ref><ref> |
translated and edited with an introduction by Ara Ghazarians, Arlington, MA, Armenian Cultural Foundation, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genocide.ru/enc/murad.htm|title=Мурад Себастаци|work=genocide.ru}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Hampartsoum Boyadjian]] |
* [[Hampartsoum Boyadjian]] |
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* [[Andranik|Andranik Ozanyan]] |
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* [[Arabo]] |
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* [[Yeprem Khan]] |
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* [[Keri (fedayi)|Keri]] |
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* '''[[Aghbiur Serob]]''' |
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* [[Hrayr Dzhoghk]] |
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* '''[[Kevork Chavush]]''' |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Armenian Resistance}} |
{{Armenian Resistance}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata |
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| name = Sebastia, Murad of |
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| alternative names = Murad, Sebastatsi |
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| short description = Armenian fedayee |
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| date of birth = 1874 |
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| place of birth = Govdun, Sivas Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
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| date of death = 4 August 1918 |
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| place of death = Baku, Baku Governorate, Azerbaijan |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:1874 births]] |
[[Category:1874 births]] |
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[[Category:1918 deaths]] |
[[Category:1918 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Sivas |
[[Category:People from Sivas vilayet]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Ottoman Armenians]] |
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[[Category:Armenian fedayi]] |
[[Category:Armenian fedayi]] |
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[[Category:Armenian |
[[Category:Armenian nationalists]] |
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[[Category:Armenian people of World War I]] |
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[[Category:Armenian genocide survivors]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
Latest revision as of 16:06, 1 November 2024
Sebastatsi Murad | |
|---|---|
 Battle of Erzincan, 1916 | |
| Nickname(s) | Murad of Sebastia |
| Born | 1874 Govdun, Sivas Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 4 August 1918 (aged 43–44) Baku, Baku Governorate, Azerbaijan |
| Allegiance |  Hnchakian Dashnaktsutyun |
| Years of service | 1890s—1918 |
| Battles / wars | Armenian National Liberation Movement Sasun Uprising World War I |
Murad of Sebastia (Armenian: Սեբաստացի Մուրատ, Sebastatsi Murad; Murad of Sebastia; Murad Khrimian; Murad Hagopian;[1] 1874 — 4 August 1918) was a well-known Armenian fedayee during the Armenian national liberation movement in the Ottoman Empire.[2] He was born in the Armenian village of Govdun (Կովտուն), about 20 km east of the town of Sivas (from where he got his nickname, Sebastatsi) to a poor rural family that had recently moved to the village. After working as a shepherd and farm labourer during his childhood, he moved as a teenager to Constantinople, where he worked for meagre earnings as a carrier. He joined the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and, in the 1890s, participated in Armenian demonstrations protesting against the second-class treatment of Armenians within the Ottoman Empire.
After assassinating an Armenian informer he escaped to Greece and then to Egypt. He then became a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, joined fedayee bands, and participated in guerrilla activities in response to the Hamidian massacres. In 1904 he played a visible role during the Sasun Uprising,[3] and then started to operate in Van. During the Armenian-Tatar massacres 1905-1907, he was designated head of defense of the Zangezur region and, gathering a group of 50 horsemen, he defended the Armenian population of Kapan from massacres.[3] An amnesty following the Young Turk revolution of 1908 allowed Murad to return to the Ottoman Empire, where he worked in Van and in Sivas. In particular, he participated in the organization of a network of schools and charitable and female societies, and taught physical culture and theatrical art at Armenian schools.
World War I
[edit]
At the beginning of the Armenian genocide in 1915, Murad was at Sivas. After the order of deportation, in March 1915, Turkish gendarmes were sent to arrest Murad on the order of the Vali of Sivas.[4] The Ottoman authorities had promised the Armenian population that they would be excluded from deportations if they handed Murad over. Many Armenians, particularly the elders who did not want to leave their property and home, began to report to the Ottoman authorities about his whereabouts. Escaping capture, Murad and a small band of compatriots took to the hills and engaged in guerilla warfare against Turkish cavalry and infantry units sent to find him. In the autumn of 1915 he moved towards the Black Sea coast at Samsun where, joined by some Greek rebels, he captured a sailboat and escaped to the Russian port of Batum. He then travelled to Tiflis and joined the First Armenian Volunteer Battalion in the Russian forces. When in Tiflis, he gave an account of his adventures, and the fate of the Armenian population of the Sivas vilayet, that appeared in James Bryce's report "The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire". He was with the Armenian Volunteer Battalion at the Battle of Erzinjan, and in Erzingan he organised a fund which rescued hundreds of Armenian women and children being held in Turkish and Kurdish households. He was killed leading a charge against Turkish positions during the Battle of Baku on 4 August 1918.[3][5][6]
See also
[edit]- Hampartsoum Boyadjian
- Andranik Ozanyan
- Arabo
- Yeprem Khan
- Keri
- Aghbiur Serob
- Hrayr Dzhoghk
- Kevork Chavush
References
[edit]- ^ "Мурад Себастаци". genocide.ru.
- ^ Lewy, Guenter (Nov 21, 2005). The Armenian massacres in Ottoman Turkey: a disputed genocide. University of Utah Press. pp. 31.
- ^ a b c Garegin Pasdermadjian, "Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War," translated by Aram Torossian, page 22.
- ^ Murad Meneshian, The Village of Govdun, in "Armenian Sivas and Lesser Armenia", ed. Richard G. Hovannisian, 2004.
- ^ Mikayel Varandian, Murad of Sebastia, translated and edited with an introduction by Ara Ghazarians, Arlington, MA, Armenian Cultural Foundation, 2006.
- ^ "Мурад Себастаци". genocide.ru.
External links
[edit]| International | |
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| National | |
