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Preservation: Standardised location to private site (as per merchant navy page). Corrected livery.
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| caption = [[Network SouthEast]] 6312 at {{stnlnk|Dalston Kingsland}}
| caption = [[Network SouthEast]] 6312 at {{stnlnk|Dalston Kingsland}}
| background = #012545
| background = #012545
| manufacturer = Ashford Works, Eastleigh works & Lancing works<ref name="KentRail">{{cite web |url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/Class%20415.htm |title=Class 415/416: 2/4 EPB |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=Glasspool, David }}</ref>
| manufacturer = Ashford Works, Eastleigh works & Lancing works<ref name="KentRail">{{cite web |url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/Class%20415.htm |title=Class 415/416: 2/4 EPB |access-date=2008-02-16 |author=Glasspool, David }}</ref>
| operator = [[British Rail]]
| operator = [[British Rail]]
| formation = DMBS-DTS or DMBS-DTC
| formation = DMBS-DTS or DMBS-DTC
| numberbuilt = 128
| numberbuilt = 128
| service = 1955-1995
| service = 1955-1995
| weight = DMBS {{convert|40|LT|abbr=on}}<ref name="SERA1"/> DTS {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}}<ref name="SERA1">{{cite web |url=http://www.emus.co.uk/epb.htm |title=Suburban Electric Railway Association - 2-EPB Units |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=SERA }}</ref> DTC {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}}<ref name="SERA2">{{cite web |url=http://www.emus.co.uk/tyn.htm |title=Suburban Electric Railway Association - South Tyneside 2 EPB EMUs |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=SERA }}</ref>
| weight = DMBS {{convert|40|LT|abbr=on}} DTS {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}} DTC {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}}
| carlength = {{convert|19.50|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} <ref name="KentRail"/>
| carlength = {{convert|19.50|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} <ref name="KentRail"/>
| width =
| width =
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| electricsystem = 660-750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| electricsystem = 660-750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
}}
}}
[[British Rail]] '''Class 416''' ([[Southern Railway multiple unit numbering and classification#DC third rail EMUs|2-EPB]]) [[electric multiple unit]]s were built between 1953 and 1956. They were intended for inner suburban passenger services on London's Southern Electric network. There were two subclasses of Class 416: Class 416/1 to an [[Southern Railway (UK)|SR]] design on salvaged 2 NOL [[underframe]]s, and Class 416/2 to [[British Railways Mark 1|BR's Mark I]] coach design.
[[British Rail]] '''Class 416''' ([[Southern Railway multiple unit numbering and classification#DC third rail EMUs|2-EPB]]) was a class of [[Third rail|third-rail]] [[electric multiple unit]]s (EMUs) in service between 1953 and 1995. They were intended for inner suburban passenger services on London's Southern Electric network. There were two subclasses of Class 416: Class 416/1 to an [[Southern Railway (UK)|SR]] design on salvaged [[SR Class 2NOL|2-NOL]] [[underframe]]s, built between 1953 and 1956, and Class 416/2 based on a [[British Railways Mark 1]] coach design.


In the 1980s some 2 EPB units were used on the [[North London Line]] between [[Richmond station (London)|Richmond]] and [[North Woolwich railway station|North Woolwich]]; these units were equipped with window bars.
With the introduction of yellow warning panels from late 1963 the motor coaches of all Southern Region 2 and 3-car units were equipped with an inverted black triangle in order to provide an early visual indication to station staff that there was no brake van at the other end of the unit. As units such the 4 EPB stock had a brake van at each end of the unit they were not so equipped.

In the 1980s some 2 EPB units were used on the [[North London Line]] between [[Richmond station (London)|Richmond]] and [[North Woolwich railway station|North Woolwich]]; these units being equipped with window bars.


==Tyneside units==
==Tyneside units==
Fifteen units built in 1954/5 to the BR Mark I coach design were built for the third rail electrified [[Tyneside Electric]] lines.
Fifteen units built in 1954/5 to the BR Mark I coach design were built for the third rail electrified [[Tyneside Electric]] lines.


They were built at Eastleigh, and were the last Tyneside third rail EMUs built. They followed the new British Railways standard design for suburban rolling stock: similar units were built at the same time for use on South London suburban routes, but the Tyneside units had features in keeping with previous Tyneside EMUs, such as a large brake van to accommodate a large volume of fish boxes and prams; electric headcode lights on the cab front between the windows; and above those a roller destination blind. Unlike units of this style built for service in the south, the Tyneside units had a single first class compartment.
They were built at [[Eastleigh Works]], and were the last Tyneside third rail EMUs built. They followed the new British Railways standard design for suburban rolling stock: similar units were built at the same time for use on South London suburban routes, but the Tyneside units had features in keeping with previous Tyneside EMUs, such as a large brake van to accommodate a large volume of fish boxes and prams; electric headcode lights on the cab front between the windows; and above those a roller destination blind. Unlike units of this style built for service in the south, the Tyneside units had a single first class compartment.


Another unit, 5800, was built in 1959 in order to replace the destroyed 5766. Unit 5800 had some differences. It was disbanded in 1964.<ref name=":0">[https://www.bloodandcustard.com/2epbbr001.html BloodandCustard - British Rail’s Southern Region 2 EPB Units (British Rail Type)]</ref>
Another unit, 5800, was built in 1959 in order to replace the destroyed 5766. Unit 5800 had some differences. It was disbanded in 1964.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}


The units operated the South Tyneside services between Newcastle Central and South Shields, a route that had a busy commuter frequency and passenger numbers to match. British Railways decided to withdraw electric traction from these routes and the South Tyneside route was the first to be replaced by diesel units, being de-electrified in 1963. All 15 units were re-allocated to South London, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which entailed some rebuilding of the cabs and the declassification of the first class compartment. The units continued in passenger service until 1985 when they were all withdrawn.
The units operated the South Tyneside services between Newcastle Central and South Shields, a route that had a busy commuter frequency and passenger numbers to match. British Railways decided to withdraw electric traction from these routes and the South Tyneside route was the first to be replaced by diesel units, being de-electrified in 1963. All 15 units were re-allocated to South London, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which entailed some rebuilding of the cabs and the declassification of the first class compartment. The units continued in passenger service until 1985 when they were all withdrawn.


A number of units survived for a few years longer on non-passenger duties as test or tractor units. One was used for testing the Tonbridge - Hastings line electrification before the route was opened for electric trains in the summer of 1986 by [[British Rail]]. This unit also carried out similar work on the East Grinstead electrification two years later and saw occasional use on other test and tractor duties until laid up in 1995. It was purchased for preservation by SERA and was moved to Robertsbridge in Sussex for initial restoration work, and moved to the [[Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire]] in 1999.{{cn|date=March 2017}} Two DMBS from two different units (5783 and 5790) were rebuilt as departmental set 026 (later 931062), with roller shutter doors on each side and tanks inside to carry carriage cleaning fluid and de-icing fluid between the supply point and depots.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Sprinkler |journal=Modern Locomotives Illustrated |date=June-July 2018 |volume=Departmental Multiple Units |issue=231 |page=14}}</ref> This unit, nicknamed ''The Sprinkler'', was in service from 1987 until 2002 and was the last Tyneside unit in use, albeit heavily modified from original form.
A number of units survived for a few years longer on non-passenger duties as test or tractor units. One was used for testing the Tonbridge - Hastings line electrification before the route was opened for electric trains in the summer of 1986 by [[British Rail]]. This unit also carried out similar work on the East Grinstead electrification two years later and saw occasional use on other test and tractor duties until laid up in 1995. It was purchased for preservation by SERA and was moved to Robertsbridge in Sussex for initial restoration work, and moved to the [[Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire]] in 1999.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} Two DMBS from two different units (5783 and 5790) were rebuilt as departmental set 026 (later 931062), with roller shutter doors on each side and tanks inside to carry carriage cleaning fluid and de-icing fluid between the supply point and depots.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Sprinkler |journal=Modern Locomotives Illustrated |date=June–July 2018 |volume=Departmental Multiple Units |issue=231 |page=14}}</ref> This unit, nicknamed ''The Sprinkler'', was in service from 1987 until 2002 and was the last Tyneside unit in use, albeit heavily modified from original form.


==Rebuilds==
==Rebuilds==
The 416/1 subclass (5651-5684) was rebuilt at [[Eastleigh Works]] in 1959 using underframes from withdrawn [[SR Class 2NOL]] units. The rebuilt units were initially classified 2 NOP but later absorbed into the 2 EPB classification. They had SR-designed bodies, similar to those of the earlier SR-design [[British Rail Class 405|4 SUB]] units and [[Oliver Bulleid|Bulleid]] locomotive-hauled coaching stock.
The 416/1 subclass (5651–5684) was rebuilt at [[Eastleigh Works]] in 1959 using underframes from withdrawn [[SR Class 2NOL]] units. The rebuilt units were initially classified 2 NOP but later absorbed into the 2 EPB classification. They had SR-designed bodies, similar to those of the earlier SR-design [[British Rail Class 405|4 SUB]] units and [[Oliver Bulleid|Bulleid]] locomotive-hauled coaching stock.

With the introduction of yellow warning panels from late 1963 the motor coaches of all Southern Region 2 and 3-car units were equipped with an inverted black triangle in order to provide an early visual indication to station staff that there was no brake van at the other end of the unit. This distinguished them from [[British Rail Class 415|4-EPB]] units, which had a brake van at each end of the 4-car set unit so were not so marked.


==Electrical equipment==
==Electrical equipment==
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[[File:31.03.84 Tattenham Corner 2EPB 6301 (6076992536).jpg|thumb|A Class 416 at [[Tattenham Corner railway station|Tattenham Corner]] in 1984.]]
[[File:31.03.84 Tattenham Corner 2EPB 6301 (6076992536).jpg|thumb|A Class 416 at [[Tattenham Corner railway station|Tattenham Corner]] in 1984.]]
[[File:Broad Street station - geograph.org.uk - 640815.jpg|thumb|Class 416 train at [[Broad Street railway station (London)|Broad Street]] station in 1985.]]
[[File:Broad Street station - geograph.org.uk - 640815.jpg|thumb|Class 416 train at [[Broad Street railway station (London)|Broad Street]] station in 1985.]]

==Numbering==
==Numbering==


Line 60: Line 61:


== Accidents and incidents ==
== Accidents and incidents ==
{{main|Lewisham rail crash}}
* On 4 December 1957 both cars of unit 5766 were damaged beyond repair in the [[Lewisham rail crash|Lewisham collision]].<ref name="Lewisham">{{cite journal|last=Langley|first=C. A.|date=16 June 1958|title=Report on the Collision which occurred on 4th December 1957 at St. Johns Station, Lewisham in the Southern Region of British Railways|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Lewisham1957.pdf|location=London|publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office|access-date=9 May 2017}}</ref>


{{main|Cannon Street station rail crash}}
* On 4 December 1957 both cars of unit 5766 were damaged beyond repair in the [[Lewisham rail crash|Lewisham collision]].<ref name="Lewisham">{{cite journal|last=Langley|first=C. A.|date=16 June 1958|title=Report on the Collision which occurred on 4th December 1957 at St. Johns Station, Lewisham in the Southern Region of British Railways|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Lewisham1957.pdf|location=London|publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
*On 9 January 1991, unit 6227 was part of the train formed with [[4EPB]] units 5618 and 5484 which ran into the [[buffer stop]] at {{rws|Cannon Street}} station, London. Two people were killed and 277 were injured.<ref name=CS>{{cite web |url=https://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/HSE_Cannon1991.pdf |title=A report of the collision that occurred on 8 January 1991 at Cannon Street Station |publisher=Health and Safety Executive |location=London |date=2 March 1992 |access-date=8 January 2021 }}</ref>
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


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|align=center|16117
|align=center|16117
|1959 Eastleigh
|1959 Eastleigh
|BR(S) Canvas by Rumah & Crom
|Canvas by Rumah & Crom
|Private Site, Sellindge, Kent
|Private Site, Sellindge, Kent
|-
|-
Line 98: Line 102:
|align=center|65321
|align=center|65321
|align=center|-
|align=center|-
|rowspan=2|1955 Eastleigh
| rowspan="6" |1955 Eastleigh
|rowspan=2| Green primer / Blue grey
|rowspan=2| Green primer / Blue grey
|rowspan=2|[[Battlefield Line Railway]]
|rowspan=2|[[Battlefield Line Railway]]
Line 112: Line 116:
|align=center|65302
|align=center|65302
|align=center|-
|align=center|-
| rowspan="4" |BR Green
|1955 Eastleigh
|[[MoD Bicester]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5932|title=BR 65302 2-EPB EMU Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955}}</ref>
|BR Green
|[[Finmere railway station]]<ref>http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5932</ref>
|-
|-
|align=center|'''5705'''
|align=center|'''5705'''
Line 121: Line 124:
|align=center|65304
|align=center|65304
|align=center|-
|align=center|-
|MoD Bicester<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5933|title=BR 65304 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955}}</ref>
|1955 Eastleigh
|BR Green
|[[Finmere railway station]]<ref>http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5933</ref>
|-
|-
|align=center|5765
|align=center|5765
Line 130: Line 131:
|align=center|65379
|align=center|65379
|align=center|-
|align=center|-
|MoD Bicester<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5934|title=BR 65379 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955}}</ref>
|1955 Eastleigh
|BR Green
|[[Finmere railway station]]<ref>http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5934</ref>
|-
|-
| align="center" |5768
|-
|align=center|5768
| align="center" |6268
|align=center|6268
| align="center" |930034/'''930206'''
|align=center|930034/'''930206'''
| align="center" |65382
|align=center|65382
| align="center" | -
|MoD Bicester<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5935|title=BR 65382 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955}}</ref>
|align=center|-
|1955 Eastleigh
|BR Green
|[[Finmere railway station]]<ref>http://www.cs.rhrp.org.uk/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5935</ref>
|}
|}


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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commonscat|British Rail Class 416}}

<references/>
==Further reading==
{{commons category|British Rail Class 416}}
*{{cite book|title=EMUs|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|series=Motive Power Recognition|volume=2|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1982|pages=84–87|isbn=9780711011656|oclc=16537600}}

{{British Rail EMU}}
{{British Rail EMU}}


[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|416]]
[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|416]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1955]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1955]]
[[Category:750 V DC multiple units]]

Latest revision as of 17:05, 1 November 2024

British Rail Class 416
In service1955-1995
ManufacturerAshford Works, Eastleigh works & Lancing works[1]
Number built128
FormationDMBS-DTS or DMBS-DTC
OperatorsBritish Rail
Specifications
Car length19.50 m (63 ft 11+34 in) [1]
Maximum speed75 mph (121 km/h))
WeightDMBS 40 long tons (41 t) DTS 30 long tons (30 t) DTC 30 long tons (30 t)
Traction motorsTwo
Power output2 x 250 hp (190 kW)
total 500 hp (370 kW)
Electric system(s)660-750 V DC third rail
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

British Rail Class 416 (2-EPB) was a class of third-rail electric multiple units (EMUs) in service between 1953 and 1995. They were intended for inner suburban passenger services on London's Southern Electric network. There were two subclasses of Class 416: Class 416/1 to an SR design on salvaged 2-NOL underframes, built between 1953 and 1956, and Class 416/2 based on a British Railways Mark 1 coach design.

In the 1980s some 2 EPB units were used on the North London Line between Richmond and North Woolwich; these units were equipped with window bars.

Tyneside units

[edit]

Fifteen units built in 1954/5 to the BR Mark I coach design were built for the third rail electrified Tyneside Electric lines.

They were built at Eastleigh Works, and were the last Tyneside third rail EMUs built. They followed the new British Railways standard design for suburban rolling stock: similar units were built at the same time for use on South London suburban routes, but the Tyneside units had features in keeping with previous Tyneside EMUs, such as a large brake van to accommodate a large volume of fish boxes and prams; electric headcode lights on the cab front between the windows; and above those a roller destination blind. Unlike units of this style built for service in the south, the Tyneside units had a single first class compartment.

Another unit, 5800, was built in 1959 in order to replace the destroyed 5766. Unit 5800 had some differences. It was disbanded in 1964.[citation needed]

The units operated the South Tyneside services between Newcastle Central and South Shields, a route that had a busy commuter frequency and passenger numbers to match. British Railways decided to withdraw electric traction from these routes and the South Tyneside route was the first to be replaced by diesel units, being de-electrified in 1963. All 15 units were re-allocated to South London, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which entailed some rebuilding of the cabs and the declassification of the first class compartment. The units continued in passenger service until 1985 when they were all withdrawn.

A number of units survived for a few years longer on non-passenger duties as test or tractor units. One was used for testing the Tonbridge - Hastings line electrification before the route was opened for electric trains in the summer of 1986 by British Rail. This unit also carried out similar work on the East Grinstead electrification two years later and saw occasional use on other test and tractor duties until laid up in 1995. It was purchased for preservation by SERA and was moved to Robertsbridge in Sussex for initial restoration work, and moved to the Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire in 1999.[citation needed] Two DMBS from two different units (5783 and 5790) were rebuilt as departmental set 026 (later 931062), with roller shutter doors on each side and tanks inside to carry carriage cleaning fluid and de-icing fluid between the supply point and depots.[2] This unit, nicknamed The Sprinkler, was in service from 1987 until 2002 and was the last Tyneside unit in use, albeit heavily modified from original form.

Rebuilds

[edit]

The 416/1 subclass (5651–5684) was rebuilt at Eastleigh Works in 1959 using underframes from withdrawn SR Class 2NOL units. The rebuilt units were initially classified 2 NOP but later absorbed into the 2 EPB classification. They had SR-designed bodies, similar to those of the earlier SR-design 4 SUB units and Bulleid locomotive-hauled coaching stock.

With the introduction of yellow warning panels from late 1963 the motor coaches of all Southern Region 2 and 3-car units were equipped with an inverted black triangle in order to provide an early visual indication to station staff that there was no brake van at the other end of the unit. This distinguished them from 4-EPB units, which had a brake van at each end of the 4-car set unit so were not so marked.

Electrical equipment

[edit]

Each motor car had two 250 horsepower English Electric EE507 traction motors.

A Class 416 at Tattenham Corner in 1984.
Class 416 train at Broad Street station in 1985.

Numbering

[edit]

Unit numbers

[edit]
  • Class 416/1 Rebuilds, 5651-5684 (These units were refurbished from 1983 and were reclassified 416/3 with units numbered 6301 - 6334)
  • Class 416/2 Standard BR MK 1-TYPE stock, 5701-5779 (subsequently renumbered 6202 - 6279 from 1983), and the former Tyneside units, 5781 - 5795 (later 6281 - 6295; these units were withdrawn in 1985).
  • Class 416/4. Created from 1986 after some units were refurbished. These were numbered 6401 - 6426.

Car numbers

[edit]
  • Tyneside stock:
    • Motor cars, E65311-E65325
    • Trailer cars, E77100-E77114

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 9 January 1991, unit 6227 was part of the train formed with 4EPB units 5618 and 5484 which ran into the buffer stop at Cannon Street station, London. Two people were killed and 277 were injured.[4]

Preservation

[edit]
Preserved 2 EPB 5759

The final units were withdrawn in 1995. Five units have been preserved, including an ex-Tyneside unit.

Unit number
(current in bold)
DMBSO DTSso Built Livery Location
5667 6307 - 14573 16117 1959 Eastleigh Canvas by Rumah & Crom Private Site, Sellindge, Kent
5759 6259 - 65373 77558 1956 Eastleigh BR Green Southall Depot, West London
5791 6291 932053 65321 - 1955 Eastleigh Green primer / Blue grey Battlefield Line Railway
5793 6293 - 77112
5703 6203 930032/930204 65302 - BR Green MoD Bicester[5]
5705 6205 930032/930205 65304 - MoD Bicester[6]
5765 6265 930034/930206 65379 - MoD Bicester[7]
5768 6268 930034/930206 65382 - MoD Bicester[8]

Modelling

[edit]

Bachmann Industries has released an 00 gauge model of a BR-design 2 EPB (416/2) in late 2011, in several liveries.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Glasspool, David. "Class 415/416: 2/4 EPB". Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  2. ^ "The Sprinkler". Modern Locomotives Illustrated. Departmental Multiple Units (231): 14. June–July 2018.
  3. ^ Langley, C. A. (16 June 1958). "Report on the Collision which occurred on 4th December 1957 at St. Johns Station, Lewisham in the Southern Region of British Railways" (PDF). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Retrieved 9 May 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "A report of the collision that occurred on 8 January 1991 at Cannon Street Station" (PDF). London: Health and Safety Executive. 2 March 1992. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  5. ^ "BR 65302 2-EPB EMU Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955".
  6. ^ "BR 65304 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955".
  7. ^ "BR 65379 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955".
  8. ^ "BR 65382 2-EPB EMU: Driving Motor Brake Second Open built 1955".

Further reading

[edit]