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{{Short description|Armenian architect (1878–1936)}}
[[Image:Yerewan architects monument.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue of Tamanian and the "Kaskad" monument in [[Yerevan]].]]
{{Infobox architect
'''Alexander Tamanian''' ({{Lang-hy|Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան}}, {{Lang-ru|Таманян, Александр Оганесович}}, [[March 4]], [[1878]], [[Yekaterinodar]] - [[February 20]], [[1936]], [[Yerevan]]) was an [[Armenians|Armenian]] [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] [[architect]], who is remembered today for his work in the city of [[Yerevan]].
|name = Alexander Tamanian
|native_name = {{nobold|Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան}}
|image = 500 Armenian dram - 1999 (obverse).png
|image_size = 200px
|caption = 500 Armenian dram banknote honoring Tamanian
|nationality = [[Armenians|Armenian]]
|birth_date = March 4, 1878
|birth_place = [[Krasnodar|Yekaterinodar]], [[Kuban Oblast]], [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Krasnodar]], [[Russia]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|1936|2|20|1878|3|4}}
|death_place = [[Yerevan]], [[Armenian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
|alma_mater =
|practice =
|significant_buildings= [[Armenian Opera Theater]]
|significant_projects = Main Layout of Yerevan
|significant_design =
|awards =
}}


'''Alexander Tamanian''' ({{Langx|hy|Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան}}; March 4, 1878 February 20, 1936) was a Russian-born Armenian [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] [[architect]], well known for his work in the city of [[Yerevan]].
Born in the city of [[Yekaterinodar]] in 1878 in the family of a banker. He graduated from the St Petersburgh Academy of Arts in 1904. His works portrayed sensitive and artistic neoclassical trends popular in those years. Some of his early works included the mansion of V. P. Kochubei in [[Tsarskoye Selo]], 1911-1912; the house of Prince S. A. Scherbatov in [[Novinski Boulevard]] in [[Moscow]], 1911-1913; the village railway employees housing and the tuberculosis sanatorium at the Prozorovskaya station (now [[Kratovo]]) near Moscow, 1913-1923; central workshops of [[Kazansky Rail Terminal|Kazan railway]] in [[Lyubertsy]], 1916).


==Life and work==
He became an Academician of Architecture in 1914, in 1917 he was elected as the Vice-President of the Academy of Arts<!-- of the USSR-->. In 1923 he moved to Yerevan, heading the new construction effort in the republic. He was the chief engineer of the local Council of People's Commissars and was a member of the CEC of the [[Armenian SSR]] (1925-1936), sponsored the construction industry, designed the layouts of towns and villages including [[Leninakan]] (now Gyumri) (1925), Nor-Bayazet (now [[Gavar]]) and Ahta-ahpara (both in 1927), [[Echmiadzin]] (1927-1928), and others. Tamanian created the first general plan of the modern city of Yerevan which was approved in 1924. Tamanian's style was instrumental in transforming what was essentially a small provincial city into the modern Armenian capital, a major industrial and cultural center. Neoclassicism dominated his designs but Tamanian also implemented a national flavor (red linings of tuff, traditional decorative carvings on stone etc.). Among his most famous designs in Yerevan are the hydroelectric station (ERGES-1, 1926), the [[Armenian Opera Theater|Opera and Ballet house]] named after A. Spendiarian (1926-1953), the Republic Square (1926-1941) and others. He also played a major role in the development of restoration projects of historical landmarks in the country, chairing the Committee for the Protection of Historic Monuments in Armenia. He was married to Camilla Edwards, a member of the [[Benois family]]. Their sons Georgi and Yulius Tamanian also became respected architects and continued their father's work. Tamanian died in Yerevan on [[February 20]], [[1936]].

Tamanian was born in the city of [[Yekaterinodar]] in 1878 in the family of a banker. He graduated from the St Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1904. His works portrayed sensitive and artistic neoclassical trends popular in those years. Some of his early works included the mansion of V. P. Kochubei in [[Tsarskoye Selo]], 1911–1912; the house of Prince S. A. Scherbatov in [[Novinski Boulevard]] in [[Moscow]], 1911–1913; the village railway employees housing and the tuberculosis sanatorium at the Prozorovskaya station (now [[Kratovo, Russia|Kratovo]]) near Moscow, 1913–1923; central workshops of [[Kazansky Rail Terminal|Kazan railway]] in [[Lyubertsy]], 1916).

[[File:Monument of Alexander Tamanyan (4).JPG|thumbnail|Statue of Alexander Tamanian at the steps of the Yerevan Cascade]]

He became an Academician of Architecture in 1914, in 1917 he was elected as the Vice-President of the Academy of Arts<!-- of the USSR-->. In 1923 he moved to Yerevan, heading the new construction effort in the republic. He was the chief engineer of the local Council of People's Commissars and was a member of the CEC of the [[Armenian SSR]] (1925–1936), sponsored the construction industry, designed the layouts of towns and villages including [[Leninakan]] (now Gyumri) (1925), [[Stepanakert]] (1926), Nor-Bayazet (now [[Gavar]]) and Ahta-ahpara (both in 1927), [[Echmiadzin]] (1927–1928), and others. Tamanian created the first general plan of the modern city of Yerevan which was approved in 1924. Tamanian's style was instrumental in transforming what was essentially a small provincial city into the modern Armenian capital, a major industrial and cultural center. Neoclassicism dominated his designs but Tamanian also implemented a national flavor (red linings of tuff, traditional decorative carvings on stone etc.). Among his most famous designs in Yerevan are the hydroelectric station (ERGES-1, 1926), the [[Armenian Opera Theater|Opera and Ballet house]] named after [[Alexander Spendiaryan|A. Spendiarian]] (1926–1953), the Republic Square (1926–1941) and others. He also played a major role in the development of restoration projects of historical landmarks in the country, chairing the Committee for the Protection of Historic Monuments in Armenia.

Tamanian was married to Camilla Edwards, a member of the [[Benois family]]. Their sons Gevorg (Georgi) and Yulius Tamanian also became noted architects and continued their father's work.

Tamanian died in Yerevan on February 20, 1936, and is buried at the [[Komitas Pantheon]] which is located in the city center of Yerevan.<ref>[http://hush.am/index.php?route=product/hush&grave_id=hush73e36f1cd25b216&gcemetery=Komitas+Pantheon&page=czz9W5p2ZEyLvKm6%2BfAa3Kmu5S0jtdse8cvifCD6nRI%3D Tamanian's memorial tombstone at Komitas Pantheon]</ref>

[[File:Ալեքսանդր Թամանյանի թանգարան-ինստիտուտ.JPG|thumbnail|Institute Museum after Alexander Tamanian, Yerevan]]

==Buildings==
*[[Aghasi Khanjian]]’s mansion, Hrazdan River gorge – 1920s
*Andrei Sakharov Square – 1924 – Nalbandyan St., Pushkin St., Vardanants St.
*Freedom Square – Mashtots Av., Teryan St., Sayat-Nova St. – 1924-1939
*[[Republic Square (Armenia)|Republic Square]] – 1926-1977
*University Observatory - Student Park (between Abovyan and Teryan streets) – 1926
*First Hydroelectric Power Plant – Left bank of Hrazdan River – 1926
*[[Yerevan State Medical University|State Medical University]] – Koryun St. – 1927-1955
*Institute of Zoology and Veterinary – Nalbandyan St. – 1928
*Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Abovyan St. – 1929
*Institute of Physiotherapy – Abovyan St. – 1930, 1932, 1939
*[[State Engineering University of Armenia|Engineering University]] - Teryan St. – 1932, 1935
*University of Architecture and Construction – Teryan St. – 1935
*Children's Hospital – Abovyan St. – 1939
*[[Armenian Opera Theater|National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre]] – Freedom Square – 1933, 1940, 1953
*[[Government House, Yerevan|Government House]] – Republic Square – 1941, 1952
*[[Shcherbatov apartment house]] – Novinsky Boulevard – 1911–1913

==Projects==
[[File:Plan of Nubarashen.png|thumb|200px|right|Plan of Nubarashen settlement in Armenia by the architect Alexander Tamanian, 1926]]
Tamanian also designed the layout of many towns and cities in Armenia, such as:
*[[Yerevan]]
**[[Arabkir (district)|Nor Arabkir]] town
**[[Nubarashen]], 1926
*[[Ejmiatsin]]
*[[Stepanakert]], 1926

==Notes==
{{reflist}}


==References==
==References==
*[[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]], v. 1, 1974 Yerevan
*[[Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia]], v. 1, 1974 Yerevan


{{Authority control}}
==External links==
*[http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Alexander_Tamanian Alexander Tamanian at Armeniapedia.org]
*[http://www.tacentral.com Alexander Tamanian at TACentral.com]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamanian, Alexander}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tamanian, Alexander}}
[[Category:Armenian architects]]
[[Category:Ethnic Armenian architects]]
[[Category:Armenian people]]
[[Category:Russian people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Russian Armenians]]
[[Category:Architects from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Soviet architects]]
[[Category:Soviet architects]]
[[Category:People from Krasnodar]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at the Komitas Pantheon]]

[[Category:20th-century Armenian architects]]
[[eo:Aleksandro Tamanjan]]
[[fr:Alexandre Tamanian]]
[[hy:Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան]]
[[he:אלכסנדר טמניאן]]
[[ru:Таманян, Александр Оганесович]]
[[simple:Alexander Tamanian]]
[[sv:Alexander Tamanyan]]
[[tr:Aleksandr Tamanian]]

Latest revision as of 18:03, 1 November 2024

Alexander Tamanian
Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան
500 Armenian dram banknote honoring Tamanian
BornMarch 4, 1878
DiedFebruary 20, 1936(1936-02-20) (aged 57)
NationalityArmenian
OccupationArchitect
BuildingsArmenian Opera Theater
ProjectsMain Layout of Yerevan

Alexander Tamanian (Armenian: Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան; March 4, 1878 – February 20, 1936) was a Russian-born Armenian neoclassical architect, well known for his work in the city of Yerevan.

Life and work

[edit]

Tamanian was born in the city of Yekaterinodar in 1878 in the family of a banker. He graduated from the St Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1904. His works portrayed sensitive and artistic neoclassical trends popular in those years. Some of his early works included the mansion of V. P. Kochubei in Tsarskoye Selo, 1911–1912; the house of Prince S. A. Scherbatov in Novinski Boulevard in Moscow, 1911–1913; the village railway employees housing and the tuberculosis sanatorium at the Prozorovskaya station (now Kratovo) near Moscow, 1913–1923; central workshops of Kazan railway in Lyubertsy, 1916).

Statue of Alexander Tamanian at the steps of the Yerevan Cascade

He became an Academician of Architecture in 1914, in 1917 he was elected as the Vice-President of the Academy of Arts. In 1923 he moved to Yerevan, heading the new construction effort in the republic. He was the chief engineer of the local Council of People's Commissars and was a member of the CEC of the Armenian SSR (1925–1936), sponsored the construction industry, designed the layouts of towns and villages including Leninakan (now Gyumri) (1925), Stepanakert (1926), Nor-Bayazet (now Gavar) and Ahta-ahpara (both in 1927), Echmiadzin (1927–1928), and others. Tamanian created the first general plan of the modern city of Yerevan which was approved in 1924. Tamanian's style was instrumental in transforming what was essentially a small provincial city into the modern Armenian capital, a major industrial and cultural center. Neoclassicism dominated his designs but Tamanian also implemented a national flavor (red linings of tuff, traditional decorative carvings on stone etc.). Among his most famous designs in Yerevan are the hydroelectric station (ERGES-1, 1926), the Opera and Ballet house named after A. Spendiarian (1926–1953), the Republic Square (1926–1941) and others. He also played a major role in the development of restoration projects of historical landmarks in the country, chairing the Committee for the Protection of Historic Monuments in Armenia.

Tamanian was married to Camilla Edwards, a member of the Benois family. Their sons Gevorg (Georgi) and Yulius Tamanian also became noted architects and continued their father's work.

Tamanian died in Yerevan on February 20, 1936, and is buried at the Komitas Pantheon which is located in the city center of Yerevan.[1]

Institute Museum after Alexander Tamanian, Yerevan

Buildings

[edit]
  • Aghasi Khanjian’s mansion, Hrazdan River gorge – 1920s
  • Andrei Sakharov Square – 1924 – Nalbandyan St., Pushkin St., Vardanants St.
  • Freedom Square – Mashtots Av., Teryan St., Sayat-Nova St. – 1924-1939
  • Republic Square – 1926-1977
  • University Observatory - Student Park (between Abovyan and Teryan streets) – 1926
  • First Hydroelectric Power Plant – Left bank of Hrazdan River – 1926
  • State Medical University – Koryun St. – 1927-1955
  • Institute of Zoology and Veterinary – Nalbandyan St. – 1928
  • Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Abovyan St. – 1929
  • Institute of Physiotherapy – Abovyan St. – 1930, 1932, 1939
  • Engineering University - Teryan St. – 1932, 1935
  • University of Architecture and Construction – Teryan St. – 1935
  • Children's Hospital – Abovyan St. – 1939
  • National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre – Freedom Square – 1933, 1940, 1953
  • Government House – Republic Square – 1941, 1952
  • Shcherbatov apartment house – Novinsky Boulevard – 1911–1913

Projects

[edit]
Plan of Nubarashen settlement in Armenia by the architect Alexander Tamanian, 1926

Tamanian also designed the layout of many towns and cities in Armenia, such as:

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]