Europa: The Last Battle: Difference between revisions

Europa: The Last Battle
Europa: The Last Battle
	Promotional poster
Directed by	Tobias Bratt
Written by	Tobias Bratt
Produced by	Tobias Bratt
Edited by	Tobias Bratt
Release date	2017;
Running time	12 hours
Country	Sweden
Language	English

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Europa: The Last Battle is a 2017^[2] English-language Swedish ten-part^[3] neo-Nazi propaganda film^[11] directed, written, produced, and edited by Tobias Bratt,^[12] a Swedish far-right activist associated with the Nordic Resistance Movement, a European neo-Nazi movement.^[13]^[14] It promotes antisemitic conspiracy theories, many in relation to World War II including Holocaust denial.^[8] The film has been promoted across multiple social media platforms by individual users, particularly white nationalists and other conspiracy theorists.^[9]^[13]

Narrative

Europa: The Last Battle promotes various antisemitic conspiracy theories, claiming that Karl Marx was part of a centuries-long plan by Jews to spread communism and take over the world^[1]^[15] and that Jews control the world's money supply^[8] and are conspiring to engineer the downfall of the white "Aryan" race by encouraging immigration and interracial relationships.^[5] It includes out-of-context quotes from Marx and Moses Hess's book Rome and Jerusalem to promote the idea that Jews are behind the evils of the world, and claims that Stalin supposedly having Jewish wives proves that Jews were controlling him.^[15]

The film also engages in historical revisionism to claim that Jews started World War I and II as part of a plot to establish Israel by provoking the Nazis into acting in self-defence.^[3]^[16]^[17] It also claims that Jews caused Germany's defeat in World War I, which is commonly referred to as the stab-in-the-back myth, and that Adolf Hitler was fighting against a global Jewish plot.^[16]

Gregory Davis, a researcher at the United Kingdom-based anti-racism group Hope not Hate, said the film "denies the proven reality of the Holocaust whilst providing justifications for the violent antisemitism that fuelled it", adding, "Its mix of blatant falsehoods and slanted portrayal of real events gives it no historical legitimacy whatsoever, and it serves only to demonise the Jewish people and whitewash the crimes of the Nazi regime."^[8]

Promotion

The film has been promoted by white supremacists^[2]^[18]^[19] and antisemitic conspiracy theorists,^[2]^[20] the British conspiracy newspaper The Light^[21] and QAnon conspiracy theorists on Telegram.^[25] It has also been shared on platforms such as Instagram,^[13] BitChute,^[4] Rumble,^[26] TikTok^[8]^[15] and the Telegram chat of Disclose.tv,^[7] a German disinformation outlet with a following that includes Holocaust deniers and neo-Nazis.^[7]^[27]^[24] YouTube and Facebook have blocked the film from being uploaded, but links to the film on other sites can be shared.^[13]

As of June 2023, Twitter was running advertisements for major brands such as Disney, Microsoft and ESPN next to tweets from verified users sharing long clips from the film.^[9]^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Piper, Ernie; Wildon, Jordan (October 22, 2021). "Telegram COVID-19 Conspiracy Group Rife With Antisemitism". Logically. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023. The link to the antisemitic documentary Europa: The Last Battle, a 12-hour film that among other claims asserts that Jews created communism with a goal of 'total world domination', has been shared multiple times in the chat, sometimes multiple times per day.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Europa The Last Battle". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gilbert, David (May 26, 2021). "QAnon's Antisemitism Is Finally Being Displayed in Full". Vice. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. But last week, the underlying antisemitic content that GhostEzra had always been pushing came to the fore in a series of posts on their Telegram channel that left no doubt about just how extreme the account was. It began by promoting the neo-Nazi film "Europa – the Last Battle" a 10-part film that claims Jews created Communism, and deliberately started both world wars as part of a plot to found Israel by provoking the innocent Nazis, who were only defending themselves.
^ ^a ^b Siapera, Eugenia (July 24, 2023). "Alt Tech and the public sphere: Exploring Bitchute as a political media infrastructure". European Journal of Communication. 38 (5): 446–465. doi:10.1177/02673231231189041. ISSN 0267-3231. For example, the antisemitic and neo-Nazi film Europa – the Last Battle (2017), a 10-h film which is banned from YouTube, is found across several Bitchute channels.
^ ^a ^b Doerer, Kristen (August 9, 2021). "From Flat Earth to Holocaust Denial, the Conspiracy Theorist Podcast That Nearly Scored an MMA Legend". Right Wing Watch. Archived from the original on March 2, 2024. Retrieved March 2, 2024. The "flat_earth_truther_6_million" account has 17 video posts of the film "Europa: The Last Battle," a neo-Nazi revisionist film that paints Jewish people as conspiring the downfall of the white "Aryan" race through encouraging immigration and interracial relationships...
^ "QAnon's Antisemitism and What Comes Next". Anti-Defamation League. September 17, 2021. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. By May 20, he was posting links to neo-Nazi propaganda film "Europa: the Last Battle" and to the Wikipedia page for "crypto-Judaism."
^ ^a ^b ^c Thomas, W. F. (January 12, 2022). "Disclose.tv: Conspiracy Forum Turned Disinformation Factory". Logically. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2023. Some share outright neo-Nazi propaganda, encouraging others in the Telegram chat to watch Europa - The Last Battle.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Pope, Felix (March 2, 2023). "TikTok is still hosting Nazi propaganda, despite warnings". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c DeGeurin, Mack (June 17, 2023). "Twitter Runs Ads for Disney, Microsoft, NBA Alongside Neo-Nazi Videos". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on June 28, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Tangalakis-Lippert, Katherine (June 19, 2023). "Advertisers are returning to Twitter after Linda Yaccarino calmed fears over content moderation. But now brands like Disney, Microsoft, and the NBA have ads placed next to neo-Nazi propaganda". Business Insider. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
^ ^[4]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]
^ Troubles with Identity - The Philosophical Salon (written by Slavoj Žižek)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Antisemitism in the Digital Age: Online Antisemitic Hate, Holocaust Denial, Conspiracy Ideologies and Terrorism in Europe" (PDF). Hope not Hate. October 13, 2021. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
^ "The Nordic Resistance Movement". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024. Films viewed by the NRM in such sessions include the Swedish-produced antisemitic propaganda miniseries, Europa – the Last Battle, which praises Hitler and claims that Jews started both World Wars, and Dennis Wise's revisionist film, Adolf Hitler: The Greatest Story Never Told.
^ ^a ^b ^c Malliagros, Thiago Vahia (February 26, 2024). "Europa: The Last Battle – the antisemitic documentary going viral among the far right". The Skeptic. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Williams, Arron (February 2, 2023). "False: The First and Second World Wars were started by Jewish nationalists trying to create Israel". Logically. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Gerard (December 8, 2021). "Fascist cross-pollination of Australian conspiracist Telegram channels". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v26i12.11830. ISSN 1396-0466. Archived from the original on April 27, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2024. In the QAnon channel, a poster opines that "The power of the mainstream media is waning ... People are instead finding alternative media sources ... Real people, not algorithms, are sharing documentaries like Europa: The Last Battle ...". These information sources are respectively an anti-Semitic revisionist history of WWII...
^ Pantuso, Phillip (October 4, 2022). "White supremacists leave flyers in Chatham and Ulster County". Times Union (Albany). Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ Hosseini, Raheem (November 10, 2023). "Neo-Nazis are exploiting the Israel-Hamas conflict to stoke another crisis: A 'race war'". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
^ Smith, Peter (January 11, 2022). "A Holocaust Denier Is Travelling Across Canada Building Up The Country's Newest Far-Right Militia Movement". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. Archived from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ Lawrence, David (June 30, 2022). "Turning Off "The Light": the conspiracist newspaper promoting the far right". Hope Not Hate. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
^ Gilbert, David (October 18, 2021). "QAnon Is Becoming Even More Antisemitic". Vice. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
^ Gilbert, David (November 5, 2021). "Meet the Antisemitic QAnon Leader Who Led Followers to Dallas to Meet JFK". Vice. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Thomas, W. F. (February 11, 2022). "Telegram: The Social Network Where Conspiracies Meet". Logically. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. Similarly, in the group for Disclose.tv, a sketchy news aggregator site that began as a paranormal and conspiracy theory forum, users shared links to other channels filled with neo-Nazi propaganda.
^ ^[17]^[3]^[22]^[23]^[24]
^ Paterson, Alex (October 16, 2023). "The RNC is partnering with the Republican Jewish Coalition and Rumble — a virulently antisemitic platform — for the third GOP debate". Media Matters for America. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
^ Schumacher, Elizabeth (February 8, 2022). "Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022. Piper and Thomas found what they described as "hate speech and Holocaust denial" flourishing in Disclose.TV's groups on the Discord app and Russia-based messaging service Telegram.

External links

Europa: The Last Battle at IMDb

[Piper-2021-1] Piper, Ernie; Wildon, Jordan (October 22, 2021). "Telegram COVID-19 Conspiracy Group Rife With Antisemitism". Logically. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023. The link to the antisemitic documentary Europa: The Last Battle, a 12-hour film that among other claims asserts that Jews created communism with a goal of 'total world domination', has been shared multiple times in the chat, sometimes multiple times per day.

[Anti-Defamation_League-2] "Europa The Last Battle". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

[Gilbert-2021-3] Gilbert, David (May 26, 2021). "QAnon's Antisemitism Is Finally Being Displayed in Full". Vice. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. But last week, the underlying antisemitic content that GhostEzra had always been pushing came to the fore in a series of posts on their Telegram channel that left no doubt about just how extreme the account was. It began by promoting the neo-Nazi film "Europa – the Last Battle" a 10-part film that claims Jews created Communism, and deliberately started both world wars as part of a plot to found Israel by provoking the innocent Nazis, who were only defending themselves.

[Siapera-2023-4] Siapera, Eugenia (July 24, 2023). "Alt Tech and the public sphere: Exploring Bitchute as a political media infrastructure". European Journal of Communication. 38 (5): 446–465. doi:10.1177/02673231231189041. ISSN 0267-3231. For example, the antisemitic and neo-Nazi film Europa – the Last Battle (2017), a 10-h film which is banned from YouTube, is found across several Bitchute channels.

[Doerer-2021-5] Doerer, Kristen (August 9, 2021). "From Flat Earth to Holocaust Denial, the Conspiracy Theorist Podcast That Nearly Scored an MMA Legend". Right Wing Watch. Archived from the original on March 2, 2024. Retrieved March 2, 2024. The "flat_earth_truther_6_million" account has 17 video posts of the film "Europa: The Last Battle," a neo-Nazi revisionist film that paints Jewish people as conspiring the downfall of the white "Aryan" race through encouraging immigration and interracial relationships...

[6] "QAnon's Antisemitism and What Comes Next". Anti-Defamation League. September 17, 2021. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. By May 20, he was posting links to neo-Nazi propaganda film "Europa: the Last Battle" and to the Wikipedia page for "crypto-Judaism."

[Thomas-2022a-7] Thomas, W. F. (January 12, 2022). "Disclose.tv: Conspiracy Forum Turned Disinformation Factory". Logically. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved March 26, 2023. Some share outright neo-Nazi propaganda, encouraging others in the Telegram chat to watch Europa - The Last Battle.

[Pope-2023-8] Pope, Felix (March 2, 2023). "TikTok is still hosting Nazi propaganda, despite warnings". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

[DeGeurin-2023-9] DeGeurin, Mack (June 17, 2023). "Twitter Runs Ads for Disney, Microsoft, NBA Alongside Neo-Nazi Videos". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on June 28, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[Tangalakis-Lippert-2023-10] Tangalakis-Lippert, Katherine (June 19, 2023). "Advertisers are returning to Twitter after Linda Yaccarino calmed fears over content moderation. But now brands like Disney, Microsoft, and the NBA have ads placed next to neo-Nazi propaganda". Business Insider. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2023.

[11] [4]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

[12] Troubles with Identity - The Philosophical Salon (written by Slavoj Žižek)

[Hope_not_Hate-2021-13] "Antisemitism in the Digital Age: Online Antisemitic Hate, Holocaust Denial, Conspiracy Ideologies and Terrorism in Europe" (PDF). Hope not Hate. October 13, 2021. p. 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.

[14] "The Nordic Resistance Movement". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024. Films viewed by the NRM in such sessions include the Swedish-produced antisemitic propaganda miniseries, Europa – the Last Battle, which praises Hitler and claims that Jews started both World Wars, and Dennis Wise's revisionist film, Adolf Hitler: The Greatest Story Never Told.

[Malliagros-2024-15] Malliagros, Thiago Vahia (February 26, 2024). "Europa: The Last Battle – the antisemitic documentary going viral among the far right". The Skeptic. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2024.

[Williams-2023-16] Williams, Arron (February 2, 2023). "False: The First and Second World Wars were started by Jewish nationalists trying to create Israel". Logically. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved March 27, 2023.

[Gill-2021-17] Gill, Gerard (December 8, 2021). "Fascist cross-pollination of Australian conspiracist Telegram channels". First Monday. doi:10.5210/fm.v26i12.11830. ISSN 1396-0466. Archived from the original on April 27, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2024. In the QAnon channel, a poster opines that "The power of the mainstream media is waning ... People are instead finding alternative media sources ... Real people, not algorithms, are sharing documentaries like Europa: The Last Battle ...". These information sources are respectively an anti-Semitic revisionist history of WWII...

[18] Pantuso, Phillip (October 4, 2022). "White supremacists leave flyers in Chatham and Ulster County". Times Union (Albany). Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved June 24, 2023.

[19] Hosseini, Raheem (November 10, 2023). "Neo-Nazis are exploiting the Israel-Hamas conflict to stoke another crisis: A 'race war'". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.

[20] Smith, Peter (January 11, 2022). "A Holocaust Denier Is Travelling Across Canada Building Up The Country's Newest Far-Right Militia Movement". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. Archived from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2024.

[21] Lawrence, David (June 30, 2022). "Turning Off "The Light": the conspiracist newspaper promoting the far right". Hope Not Hate. Archived from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.

[22] Gilbert, David (October 18, 2021). "QAnon Is Becoming Even More Antisemitic". Vice. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023.

[23] Gilbert, David (November 5, 2021). "Meet the Antisemitic QAnon Leader Who Led Followers to Dallas to Meet JFK". Vice. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2023.

[Thomas-2022b-24] Thomas, W. F. (February 11, 2022). "Telegram: The Social Network Where Conspiracies Meet". Logically. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 26, 2023. Similarly, in the group for Disclose.tv, a sketchy news aggregator site that began as a paranormal and conspiracy theory forum, users shared links to other channels filled with neo-Nazi propaganda.

[25] [17]^[3]^[22]^[23]^[24]

[26] Paterson, Alex (October 16, 2023). "The RNC is partnering with the Republican Jewish Coalition and Rumble — a virulently antisemitic platform — for the third GOP debate". Media Matters for America. Retrieved August 17, 2024.

[27] Schumacher, Elizabeth (February 8, 2022). "Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022. Piper and Thomas found what they described as "hate speech and Holocaust denial" flourishing in Disclose.TV's groups on the Discord app and Russia-based messaging service Telegram.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|2017 neo-Nazi propaganda film}}
 {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
+{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
 {{Infobox film
-| image          =
+| image          = Europa, The Last Battle IMDb movie poster.jpg
+| caption        = Promotional poster
 | director       = Tobias Bratt
 | writer         = Tobias Bratt
 | producer       = Tobias Bratt
 | editing        = Tobias Bratt
-| studio         =
 | released       = {{Film date|2017}}
-| runtime        = 12 hours<ref name=":6" />
+| runtime        = 12 hours<ref name="Piper-2021" />
 | country        = Sweden
 | language       = English
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 {{Antisemitism|expanded=Web}}
-'''''Europa: The Last Battle''''' is a 2017<ref name=":3" /> English-language Swedish ten-part<ref name=":9" /> [[neo-Nazi]] [[propaganda film]]{{refn|<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Siapera |first=Eugenia |date=July 24, 2023 |title=Alt Tech and the public sphere: Exploring Bitchute as a political media infrastructure |journal=[[European Journal of Communication]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=446–465 |doi=10.1177/02673231231189041 |issn=0267-3231 |quote=For example, the antisemitic and neo-Nazi film Europa – the Last Battle (2017), a 10-h film which is banned from YouTube, is found across several Bitchute channels.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=QAnon's Antisemitism and What Comes Next |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/qanons-antisemitism-and-what-comes-next |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |language=en |quote=By May 20, he was posting links to neo-Nazi propaganda film "Europa: the Last Battle" and to the Wikipedia page for "crypto-Judaism." |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115939/https://www.adl.org/resources/report/qanons-antisemitism-and-what-comes-next |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=W. F. |date=12 January 2022 |title=Disclose.tv: Conspiracy Forum Turned Disinformation Factory |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/disclose.tv-conspiracy-forum-turned-disinformation-factory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026033037/https://www.logically.ai/articles/disclose.tv-conspiracy-forum-turned-disinformation-factory |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |quote=Some share outright neo-Nazi propaganda, encouraging others in the Telegram chat to watch Europa - The Last Battle. |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />}} directed, written and produced by Tobias Bratt,<ref>[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/troubles-with-identity/ Troubles with Identity - The Philosophical Salon (written by Slavoj Žižek)]</ref> a Swedish [[far-right]] activist associated with the [[Nordic Resistance Movement]], a European neo-Nazi movement.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2021 |title=Antisemitism in the Digital Age: Online Antisemitic Hate, Holocaust Denial, Conspiracy Ideologies and Terrorism in Europe |url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/google-report-2021-10-v3.pdf |access-date=September 23, 2023 |website=Hope not Hate |page=34 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116055750/https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/google-report-2021-10-v3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nordic Resistance Movement |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/nordic-resistance-movement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102232245/https://www.adl.org/resources/report/nordic-resistance-movement |archive-date=2024-01-02 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |quote=Films viewed by the NRM in such sessions include the Swedish-produced antisemitic propaganda miniseries, Europa – the Last Battle, which praises Hitler and claims that Jews started both World Wars, and Dennis Wise's revisionist film, [[Adolf Hitler: The Greatest Story Never Told]].}}</ref> It promotes [[antisemitic]] conspiracy theories, including [[Holocaust denial]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Pope |first=Felix |date=March 2, 2023 |title=TikTok is still hosting Nazi propaganda, despite warnings |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/news/tiktok-is-still-hosting-nazi-propaganda-despite-warnings-4gQbtSbh62F740bRGs8Kpy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.thejc.com/news/news/tiktok-is-still-hosting-nazi-propaganda-despite-warnings-4gQbtSbh62F740bRGs8Kpy |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]}}</ref> and has been promoted across multiple [[social media]] platforms.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" />
+'''''Europa: The Last Battle''''' is a 2017<ref name="Anti-Defamation League" /> English-language Swedish ten-part<ref name="Gilbert-2021" /> [[neo-Nazi]] [[propaganda film]]{{refn|<ref name="Siapera-2023">{{Cite journal |last=Siapera |first=Eugenia |date=July 24, 2023 |title=Alt Tech and the public sphere: Exploring Bitchute as a political media infrastructure |journal=[[European Journal of Communication]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=446–465 |doi=10.1177/02673231231189041 |issn=0267-3231 |quote=For example, the antisemitic and neo-Nazi film Europa – the Last Battle (2017), a 10-h film which is banned from YouTube, is found across several Bitchute channels.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Gilbert-2021" /><ref name="Doerer-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=QAnon's Antisemitism and What Comes Next |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/qanons-antisemitism-and-what-comes-next |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |language=en |quote=By May 20, he was posting links to neo-Nazi propaganda film "Europa: the Last Battle" and to the Wikipedia page for "crypto-Judaism." |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115939/https://www.adl.org/resources/report/qanons-antisemitism-and-what-comes-next |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Thomas-2022a">{{Cite web |last1=Thomas |first1=W. F. |date=12 January 2022 |title=Disclose.tv: Conspiracy Forum Turned Disinformation Factory |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/disclose.tv-conspiracy-forum-turned-disinformation-factory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026033037/https://www.logically.ai/articles/disclose.tv-conspiracy-forum-turned-disinformation-factory |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |quote=Some share outright neo-Nazi propaganda, encouraging others in the Telegram chat to watch Europa - The Last Battle. |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Pope-2023" /><ref name="DeGeurin-2023" /><ref name="Tangalakis-Lippert-2023" />}} directed, written, produced, and edited by Tobias Bratt,<ref>[https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/troubles-with-identity/ Troubles with Identity - The Philosophical Salon (written by Slavoj Žižek)]</ref> a Swedish [[far-right]] activist associated with the [[Nordic Resistance Movement]], a European neo-Nazi movement.<ref name="Hope not Hate-2021">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2021 |title=Antisemitism in the Digital Age: Online Antisemitic Hate, Holocaust Denial, Conspiracy Ideologies and Terrorism in Europe |url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/google-report-2021-10-v3.pdf |access-date=September 23, 2023 |website=Hope not Hate |page=34 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116055750/https://hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/google-report-2021-10-v3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nordic Resistance Movement |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/report/nordic-resistance-movement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102232245/https://www.adl.org/resources/report/nordic-resistance-movement |archive-date=2024-01-02 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |quote=Films viewed by the NRM in such sessions include the Swedish-produced antisemitic propaganda miniseries, Europa – the Last Battle, which praises Hitler and claims that Jews started both World Wars, and Dennis Wise's revisionist film, [[Adolf Hitler: The Greatest Story Never Told]].}}</ref> It promotes [[antisemitic]] conspiracy theories, many in relation to [[World War II]] including [[Holocaust denial]].<ref name="Pope-2023">{{Cite web |last=Pope |first=Felix |date=March 2, 2023 |title=TikTok is still hosting Nazi propaganda, despite warnings |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/news/tiktok-is-still-hosting-nazi-propaganda-despite-warnings-4gQbtSbh62F740bRGs8Kpy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.thejc.com/news/news/tiktok-is-still-hosting-nazi-propaganda-despite-warnings-4gQbtSbh62F740bRGs8Kpy |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]}}</ref> The film has been promoted across multiple [[social media]] platforms by individual users, particularly [[white nationalists]] and other conspiracy theorists.<ref name="DeGeurin-2023" /><ref name="Hope not Hate-2021" />
 == Narrative ==
-The film promotes various [[antisemitic]] conspiracy theories, claiming that [[Karl Marx]] was part of [[Jewish Bolshevism|a centuries-long plan by Jews]] to spread [[communism]] and take over the world<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last1=Piper |first1=Ernie |last2=Wildon |first2=Jordan |date=October 22, 2021 |title=Telegram COVID-19 Conspiracy Group Rife With Antisemitism |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/antisemitism-on-telegram |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713001534/https://www.logically.ai/articles/antisemitism-on-telegram |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |quote=The link to the antisemitic documentary ''Europa: The Last Battle'', a 12-hour film that among other claims asserts that Jews created communism with a goal of 'total world domination', has been shared multiple times in the chat, sometimes multiple times per day.}}</ref><ref name="Skeptic">{{cite web |last1=Malliagros |first1=Thiago Vahia |date=February 26, 2024 |title=Europa: The Last Battle – the antisemitic documentary going viral among the far right |url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/europa-the-last-battle-the-antisemitic-documentary-going-viral-among-the-far-right/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313131017/https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/europa-the-last-battle-the-antisemitic-documentary-going-viral-among-the-far-right/ |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[The Skeptic (British magazine)|The Skeptic]]}}</ref> and that [[Antisemitic trope#Controlling the global financial system|Jews control the world's money supply]]<ref name=":1" /> and are conspiring to [[White genocide conspiracy theory|engineer the downfall]] of the white [[Aryan race|"Aryan" race]] by encouraging immigration and interracial relationships.<ref name=":11">{{cite web |last=Doerer |first=Kristen |date=August 9, 2021 |title=From Flat Earth to Holocaust Denial, the Conspiracy Theorist Podcast That Nearly Scored an MMA Legend |url=https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/from-flat-earth-to-holocaust-denial-the-conspiracy-theorist-podcast-that-nearly-scored-an-mma-legend/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302022031/https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/from-flat-earth-to-holocaust-denial-the-conspiracy-theorist-podcast-that-nearly-scored-an-mma-legend/ |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |access-date=March 2, 2024 |website=[[Right Wing Watch]] |quote=The "flat_earth_truther_6_million" account has 17 video posts of the film "Europa: The Last Battle," a neo-Nazi revisionist film that paints Jewish people as conspiring the downfall of the white "Aryan" race through encouraging immigration and interracial relationships...}}</ref> It includes out-of-context quotes from Marx and [[Moses Hess]]'s book ''[[Rome and Jerusalem]]'' to promote the idea that Jews are behind the evils of the world, and claims that [[Stalin]] supposedly having Jewish wives proves that Jews were controlling him.<ref name=Skeptic />
+''Europa: The Last Battle'' promotes various [[antisemitic]] conspiracy theories, claiming that [[Karl Marx]] was part of [[Jewish Bolshevism|a centuries-long plan by Jews]] to spread [[communism]] and take over the world<ref name="Piper-2021">{{Cite web |last1=Piper |first1=Ernie |last2=Wildon |first2=Jordan |date=October 22, 2021 |title=Telegram COVID-19 Conspiracy Group Rife With Antisemitism |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/antisemitism-on-telegram |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713001534/https://www.logically.ai/articles/antisemitism-on-telegram |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=[[Logically (company)|Logically]] |language=en |quote=The link to the antisemitic documentary ''Europa: The Last Battle'', a 12-hour film that among other claims asserts that Jews created communism with a goal of 'total world domination', has been shared multiple times in the chat, sometimes multiple times per day.}}</ref><ref name="Malliagros-2024">{{cite web |last1=Malliagros |first1=Thiago Vahia |date=February 26, 2024 |title=Europa: The Last Battle – the antisemitic documentary going viral among the far right |url=https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/europa-the-last-battle-the-antisemitic-documentary-going-viral-among-the-far-right/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313131017/https://www.skeptic.org.uk/2024/02/europa-the-last-battle-the-antisemitic-documentary-going-viral-among-the-far-right/ |archive-date=March 13, 2024 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[The Skeptic (British magazine)|The Skeptic]]}}</ref> and that [[Economic antisemitism|Jews control the world's money supply]]<ref name="Pope-2023" /> and are conspiring to [[White genocide conspiracy theory|engineer the downfall]] of the white [[Aryan race|"Aryan" race]] by encouraging immigration and interracial relationships.<ref name="Doerer-2021">{{cite web |last=Doerer |first=Kristen |date=August 9, 2021 |title=From Flat Earth to Holocaust Denial, the Conspiracy Theorist Podcast That Nearly Scored an MMA Legend |url=https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/from-flat-earth-to-holocaust-denial-the-conspiracy-theorist-podcast-that-nearly-scored-an-mma-legend/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302022031/https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/from-flat-earth-to-holocaust-denial-the-conspiracy-theorist-podcast-that-nearly-scored-an-mma-legend/ |archive-date=March 2, 2024 |access-date=March 2, 2024 |website=[[Right Wing Watch]] |quote=The "flat_earth_truther_6_million" account has 17 video posts of the film "Europa: The Last Battle," a neo-Nazi revisionist film that paints Jewish people as conspiring the downfall of the white "Aryan" race through encouraging immigration and interracial relationships...}}</ref> It includes out-of-context quotes from Marx and [[Moses Hess]]'s book ''[[Rome and Jerusalem]]'' to promote the idea that Jews are behind the evils of the world, and claims that [[Stalin]] supposedly having Jewish wives proves that Jews were controlling him.<ref name="Malliagros-2024" />
-The film also engages in [[historical revisionism]] to claim that Jews started [[World War I]] and [[World War II|II]] as part of a plot to establish [[Israel]] by provoking the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] into [[Jewish war conspiracy theory|acting in self-defence]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=26 May 2021 |title=QAnon's Antisemitism Is Finally Being Displayed in Full |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyv7eq/qanons-anti-semitism-is-finally-being-displayed-in-full |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en |quote=But last week, the underlying antisemitic content that GhostEzra had always been pushing came to the fore in a series of posts on their Telegram channel that left no doubt about just how extreme the account was. It began by promoting the neo-Nazi film "Europa – the Last Battle" a 10-part film that claims Jews created Communism, and deliberately started both world wars as part of a plot to found Israel by provoking the innocent Nazis, who were only defending themselves. |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyv7eq/qanons-anti-semitism-is-finally-being-displayed-in-full |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Gill |first=Gerard |date=2021-12-08 |title=Fascist cross-pollination of Australian conspiracist Telegram channels |url=https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/11830 |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |language=en |doi=10.5210/fm.v26i12.11830 |issn=1396-0466 |quote=In the QAnon channel, a poster opines that "The power of the mainstream media is waning ... People are instead finding alternative media sources ... Real people, not algorithms, are sharing documentaries like Europa: The Last Battle ...”. These information sources are respectively an anti-Semitic revisionist history of WWII... |doi-access=free |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427100756/https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/11830 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also claims that Jews caused Germany's defeat in World War I, which is commonly referred to as the [[stab-in-the-back myth]], and that [[Adolf Hitler]] was fighting against a [[International Jewish conspiracy|global Jewish plot]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Arron |date=February 2, 2023 |title=False: The First and Second World Wars were started by Jewish nationalists trying to create Israel. |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-world-wars-1-and-2-were-started-by-jewish-nationalists-trying-to-create-israel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203080510/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-world-wars-1-and-2-were-started-by-jewish-nationalists-trying-to-create-israel |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Logically |language=en-gb}}</ref>
+The film also engages in [[historical revisionism]] to claim that Jews started [[World War I]] and [[World War II|II]] as part of a plot to establish [[Israel]] by provoking the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] into [[Jewish war conspiracy theory|acting in self-defence]].<ref name="Gilbert-2021">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=26 May 2021 |title=QAnon's Antisemitism Is Finally Being Displayed in Full |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyv7eq/qanons-anti-semitism-is-finally-being-displayed-in-full |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en |quote=But last week, the underlying antisemitic content that GhostEzra had always been pushing came to the fore in a series of posts on their Telegram channel that left no doubt about just how extreme the account was. It began by promoting the neo-Nazi film "Europa – the Last Battle" a 10-part film that claims Jews created Communism, and deliberately started both world wars as part of a plot to found Israel by provoking the innocent Nazis, who were only defending themselves. |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.vice.com/en/article/dyv7eq/qanons-anti-semitism-is-finally-being-displayed-in-full |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Williams-2023" /><ref name="Gill-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Gill |first=Gerard |date=2021-12-08 |title=Fascist cross-pollination of Australian conspiracist Telegram channels |url=https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/11830 |journal=[[First Monday (journal)|First Monday]] |language=en |doi=10.5210/fm.v26i12.11830 |issn=1396-0466 |quote=In the QAnon channel, a poster opines that "The power of the mainstream media is waning ... People are instead finding alternative media sources ... Real people, not algorithms, are sharing documentaries like Europa: The Last Battle ...”. These information sources are respectively an anti-Semitic revisionist history of WWII... |doi-access=free |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=April 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427100756/https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/11830 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also claims that Jews caused Germany's defeat in World War I, which is commonly referred to as the [[stab-in-the-back myth]], and that [[Adolf Hitler]] was fighting against a [[International Jewish conspiracy|global Jewish plot]].<ref name="Williams-2023">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Arron |date=February 2, 2023 |title=False: The First and Second World Wars were started by Jewish nationalists trying to create Israel. |url=https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-world-wars-1-and-2-were-started-by-jewish-nationalists-trying-to-create-israel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203080510/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-world-wars-1-and-2-were-started-by-jewish-nationalists-trying-to-create-israel |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Logically |language=en-gb}}</ref>
-Gregory Davis, a researcher at the United Kingdom-based anti-racism group [[Hope not Hate]], said the film "[[Holocaust denial|denies the proven reality of the Holocaust]] whilst providing justifications for the violent antisemitism that fuelled it", adding, "Its mix of blatant falsehoods and slanted portrayal of real events gives it no historical legitimacy whatsoever, and it serves only to demonise the Jewish people and whitewash the crimes of the Nazi regime."<ref name=":1" />
+Gregory Davis, a researcher at the United Kingdom-based anti-racism group [[Hope not Hate]], said the film "[[Holocaust denial|denies the proven reality of the Holocaust]] whilst providing justifications for the violent antisemitism that fuelled it", adding, "Its mix of blatant falsehoods and slanted portrayal of real events gives it no historical legitimacy whatsoever, and it serves only to demonise the Jewish people and whitewash the crimes of the Nazi regime."<ref name="Pope-2023" />
 == Promotion ==
-The film has been promoted by [[white supremacists]]<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pantuso |first=Phillip |date=2022-10-04 |title=White supremacists leave flyers in Chatham and Ulster County |url=https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/news/article/White-Lives-Matter-flyers-Chatham-Ulster-County-17485629.php |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=[[Times Union (Albany)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624020601/https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/news/article/White-Lives-Matter-flyers-Chatham-Ulster-County-17485629.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hosseini |first=Raheem |date=2023-11-10 |title=Neo-Nazis are exploiting the Israel-Hamas conflict to stoke another crisis: A 'race war' |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/nazi-antisemitism-israel-hamas-18476691.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205073807/https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/nazi-antisemitism-israel-hamas-18476691.php |archive-date=2023-12-05 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> and antisemitic conspiracy theorists,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Europa The Last Battle |url=https://extremismterms.adl.org/glossary/europa-last-battle |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Anti-Defamation League |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://extremismterms.adl.org/glossary/europa-last-battle |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Peter |date=2022-01-11 |title=A Holocaust Denier Is Travelling Across Canada Building Up The Country's Newest Far-Right Militia Movement |url=https://www.antihate.ca/holocaust_denier_travelling_canada_building_up_far_right_militia_diagolon_alex_vriend |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=[[Canadian Anti-Hate Network]] |language=en |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927035730/https://www.antihate.ca/holocaust_denier_travelling_canada_building_up_far_right_militia_diagolon_alex_vriend |url-status=live }}</ref> the British conspiracy newspaper [[The Light (newspaper)|''The Light'']]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=David |date=2022-06-30 |title=Turning Off "The Light": the conspiracist newspaper promoting the far right |url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/2022/06/30/turning-off-the-light-the-conspiracist-newspaper-promoting-the-far-right/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134849/https://hopenothate.org.uk/2022/06/30/turning-off-the-light-the-conspiracist-newspaper-promoting-the-far-right/ |archive-date=4 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=[[Hope Not Hate]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> and [[QAnon]] conspiracy theorists on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]].{{refn|<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=18 October 2021 |title=QAnon Is Becoming Even More Antisemitic |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/jg8y73/qanon-is-becoming-even-more-antisemitic |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Vice |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115941/https://www.vice.com/en/article/jg8y73/qanon-is-becoming-even-more-antisemitic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=5 November 2021 |title=Meet the Antisemitic QAnon Leader Who Led Followers to Dallas to Meet JFK |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5qpe7/qanon-dallas-jfk-michael-brian-protzman-negative48 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Vice |language=en |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011411/https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5qpe7/qanon-dallas-jfk-michael-brian-protzman-negative48 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=W. F. |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Telegram: The Social Network Where Conspiracies Meet |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Logically |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |url-status=live }}</ref>}} It has also been shared on platforms such as [[Instagram]],<ref name=":8" /> [[BitChute]],<ref name=":7" /> [[TikTok]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Skeptic" /> and the Telegram chat of [[Disclose.tv]],<ref name=":0" /> a German [[disinformation]] outlet with a following that includes Holocaust deniers and neo-Nazis.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Schumacher |first=Elizabeth |date=February 8, 2022 |title=Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany |url=https://www.dw.com/en/disclosetv-english-disinformation-made-in-germany/a-60694332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026033034/https://www.dw.com/en/disclosetv-english-disinformation-made-in-germany/a-60694332 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en |quote=Piper and Thomas found what they described as "hate speech and Holocaust denial" flourishing in Disclose.TV's groups on the Discord app and Russia-based messaging service Telegram.}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=W. F. |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Telegram: The Social Network Where Conspiracies Meet |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Logically |language=en |quote=Similarly, in the group for Disclose.tv, a sketchy news aggregator site that began as a paranormal and conspiracy theory forum, users shared links to other channels filled with neo-Nazi propaganda.}}</ref> [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]] have blocked the film from being uploaded, but links to the film on other sites can be shared.<ref name=":8" />
+The film has been promoted by [[white supremacists]]<ref name="Anti-Defamation League" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pantuso |first=Phillip |date=2022-10-04 |title=White supremacists leave flyers in Chatham and Ulster County |url=https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/news/article/White-Lives-Matter-flyers-Chatham-Ulster-County-17485629.php |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=[[Times Union (Albany)]] |language=en-US |archive-date=June 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624020601/https://www.timesunion.com/hudsonvalley/news/article/White-Lives-Matter-flyers-Chatham-Ulster-County-17485629.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hosseini |first=Raheem |date=2023-11-10 |title=Neo-Nazis are exploiting the Israel-Hamas conflict to stoke another crisis: A 'race war' |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/nazi-antisemitism-israel-hamas-18476691.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205073807/https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/nazi-antisemitism-israel-hamas-18476691.php |archive-date=2023-12-05 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> and antisemitic conspiracy theorists,<ref name="Anti-Defamation League">{{Cite web |title=Europa The Last Battle |url=https://extremismterms.adl.org/glossary/europa-last-battle |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Anti-Defamation League |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://extremismterms.adl.org/glossary/europa-last-battle |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Peter |date=2022-01-11 |title=A Holocaust Denier Is Travelling Across Canada Building Up The Country's Newest Far-Right Militia Movement |url=https://www.antihate.ca/holocaust_denier_travelling_canada_building_up_far_right_militia_diagolon_alex_vriend |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=[[Canadian Anti-Hate Network]] |language=en |archive-date=September 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927035730/https://www.antihate.ca/holocaust_denier_travelling_canada_building_up_far_right_militia_diagolon_alex_vriend |url-status=live }}</ref> the British conspiracy newspaper [[The Light (newspaper)|''The Light'']]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=David |date=2022-06-30 |title=Turning Off "The Light": the conspiracist newspaper promoting the far right |url=https://hopenothate.org.uk/2022/06/30/turning-off-the-light-the-conspiracist-newspaper-promoting-the-far-right/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304134849/https://hopenothate.org.uk/2022/06/30/turning-off-the-light-the-conspiracist-newspaper-promoting-the-far-right/ |archive-date=4 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=[[Hope Not Hate]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> and [[QAnon]] conspiracy theorists on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]].{{refn|<ref name="Gill-2021" /><ref name="Gilbert-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=18 October 2021 |title=QAnon Is Becoming Even More Antisemitic |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/jg8y73/qanon-is-becoming-even-more-antisemitic |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Vice |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115941/https://www.vice.com/en/article/jg8y73/qanon-is-becoming-even-more-antisemitic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=David |date=5 November 2021 |title=Meet the Antisemitic QAnon Leader Who Led Followers to Dallas to Meet JFK |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5qpe7/qanon-dallas-jfk-michael-brian-protzman-negative48 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Vice |language=en |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011411/https://www.vice.com/en/article/g5qpe7/qanon-dallas-jfk-michael-brian-protzman-negative48 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Thomas-2022b" />}} It has also been shared on platforms such as [[Instagram]],<ref name="Hope not Hate-2021" /> [[BitChute]],<ref name="Siapera-2023" /> [[Rumble (company)|Rumble]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paterson |first=Alex |date=2023-10-16 |title=The RNC is partnering with the Republican Jewish Coalition and Rumble — a virulently antisemitic platform — for the third GOP debate |url=https://www.mediamatters.org/rumble/rnc-partnering-republican-jewish-coalition-and-rumble-virulently-antisemitic-platform-third |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=[[Media Matters for America]] |language=en}}</ref> [[TikTok]]<ref name="Pope-2023" /><ref name="Malliagros-2024" /> and the Telegram chat of [[Disclose.tv]],<ref name="Thomas-2022a" /> a German [[disinformation]] outlet with a following that includes Holocaust deniers and neo-Nazis.<ref name="Thomas-2022a" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schumacher |first=Elizabeth |date=February 8, 2022 |title=Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany |url=https://www.dw.com/en/disclosetv-english-disinformation-made-in-germany/a-60694332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026033034/https://www.dw.com/en/disclosetv-english-disinformation-made-in-germany/a-60694332 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en |quote=Piper and Thomas found what they described as "hate speech and Holocaust denial" flourishing in Disclose.TV's groups on the Discord app and Russia-based messaging service Telegram.}}</ref><ref name="Thomas-2022b">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=W. F. |date=February 11, 2022 |title=Telegram: The Social Network Where Conspiracies Meet |url=https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115940/https://www.logically.ai/articles/telegram-where-conspiracies-meet |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Logically |language=en |quote=Similarly, in the group for Disclose.tv, a sketchy news aggregator site that began as a paranormal and conspiracy theory forum, users shared links to other channels filled with neo-Nazi propaganda.}}</ref> [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]] have blocked the film from being uploaded, but links to the film on other sites can be shared.<ref name="Hope not Hate-2021" />
-As of June 2023, [[Twitter]] was running advertisements for major brands such as [[Disney]], [[Microsoft]] and [[ESPN]] next to tweets from verified users sharing long clips from the film.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=DeGeurin |first=Mack |date=2023-06-17 |title=Twitter Runs Ads for Disney, Microsoft, NBA Alongside Neo-Nazi Videos |url=https://gizmodo.com/twitter-ads-disney-microsoft-nba-neo-nazi-videos-elon-1850549017 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |language=en |archive-date=June 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628122656/https://gizmodo.com/twitter-ads-disney-microsoft-nba-neo-nazi-videos-elon-1850549017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Tangalakis-Lippert |first=Katherine |date=June 19, 2023 |title=Advertisers are returning to Twitter after Linda Yaccarino calmed fears over content moderation. But now brands like Disney, Microsoft, and the NBA have ads placed next to neo-Nazi propaganda. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-microsoft-nba-twitter-ads-next-to-neo-nazi-propaganda-2023-6 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627044912/https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-microsoft-nba-twitter-ads-next-to-neo-nazi-propaganda-2023-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+As of June 2023, [[Twitter]] was running advertisements for major brands such as [[Disney]], [[Microsoft]] and [[ESPN]] next to tweets from verified users sharing long clips from the film.<ref name="DeGeurin-2023">{{Cite web |last=DeGeurin |first=Mack |date=2023-06-17 |title=Twitter Runs Ads for Disney, Microsoft, NBA Alongside Neo-Nazi Videos |url=https://gizmodo.com/twitter-ads-disney-microsoft-nba-neo-nazi-videos-elon-1850549017 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |language=en |archive-date=June 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628122656/https://gizmodo.com/twitter-ads-disney-microsoft-nba-neo-nazi-videos-elon-1850549017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Tangalakis-Lippert-2023">{{Cite web |last=Tangalakis-Lippert |first=Katherine |date=June 19, 2023 |title=Advertisers are returning to Twitter after Linda Yaccarino calmed fears over content moderation. But now brands like Disney, Microsoft, and the NBA have ads placed next to neo-Nazi propaganda. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-microsoft-nba-twitter-ads-next-to-neo-nazi-propaganda-2023-6 |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627044912/https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-microsoft-nba-twitter-ads-next-to-neo-nazi-propaganda-2023-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == References ==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist|30em}}
 == External links ==
-* {{IMDb title|id=tt7528992}}
+* {{IMDb title|7528992}}
 {{Fascism}}
+{{Authority control}}
+{{Portal bar|Sweden|Film|Internet|Politics|History|2010s}}
 [[Category:2017 films]]
+[[Category:Fascism in Sweden]]
 [[Category:2010s English-language films]]
 [[Category:2010s Swedish films]]
@@ Line 53: / Line 57: @@
 [[Category:Holocaust denial in Sweden]]
 [[Category:2017 documentary films]]
+[[Category:English-language documentary films]]