Aracana aurita: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{speciesbox |
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| name = Striped Cowfish |
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| image = Aracana aurita.jpg |
| image = Aracana aurita.jpg |
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| image_width = 250px |
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| image_caption = Illustration from 1904's ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'' |
| image_caption = Illustration from 1904's ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'' |
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| image2 = Shaw's Cowfish.jpg |
| image2 = Shaw's Cowfish.jpg |
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| image2_caption = A specimen at the [[California Academy of Sciences]] |
| image2_caption = A specimen at the [[California Academy of Sciences]] |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Holleman, W. |author2=Fennessy, S. |author3=Russell, B. |name-list-style=& |author4=Matsuura, K. |year=2020 |title=''Aracana aurita'' |page=e.T158883594A158883903 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T158883594A158883903.en |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> |
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| classis = [[Actinopterygii]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ordo = [[Tetraodontiformes]] |
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| authority = ([[George Shaw (biologist)|Shaw]], 1798) |
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| familia = [[Aracanidae]] |
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| synonyms = {{Specieslist |
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| genus = ''Aracana'' |
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| Ostracion auritus | Shaw, 1798 |
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| species = ''A. aurita'' |
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| Acarana aurita | (Shaw, 1798) |
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| ⚫ | |||
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| Ostracion striatus | Shaw, 1804 |
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| Ostracion tobinii | [[Edward Donovan|Donovan]], 1824 |
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| Ostracion lineata | [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1839 |
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| Ostracion spilogaster | [[John Richardson (naturalist)|Richardson]], 1840 |
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| Aracana spilogaster spinosissima | [[Allan Riverstone McCulloch|McCulloch]] & [[Edgar Ravenswood Waite|Waite]], 1915 |
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| Aracana spilogaster angustata | McCulloch & Waite, 1915 |
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}} |
}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Aracana|aurita|month=June|year=2024}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''''Aracana aurita''''', the '''Shaw's cowfish''', '''painted boxfish''', '''southern cowfish''' or '''striped cowfish''', is a species of [[Marine life|marine]] [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Aracanidae]], the deepwater boxfishes or temperate boxfishes. This species is endemic to the seas off southern Australia. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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''Aracana auritia'' was first formally [[Species description|described]] in 1798 as ''Ostracion auritus'' by the Irish [[biologist]] [[George Shaw (biologist)|George Shaw]] with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as the "Islands of the Pacific Ocean", thought to be [[Tasmania]].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof genus|genus=Aracana|access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> In 1838 [[John Edward Gray]] proposed a [[monotypic]] [[subgenus]] of ''[[Ostracion]]'' which he named ''[[Aracana]]'', in 1866 [[Pieter Bleeker]] formally designated ''O. aurita'' as the [[type species]] of ''Aracana''.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof family|family=Aracanidae|access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> The 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' classifies this genus in the family Aracanidae which is in the [[suborder]] [[Ostracioidea]] within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Tetraodontiformes]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=518–526 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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''Aracana aurita'' is classified in the genus ''Aracana'', a name which was variously spelt by Gray as ''Acarana'' in 1833, ''Acerana'' in 1835 and ''Aracana'' in 1838. The 1838 name is the one used because it has become the most commonly used name. Grey did not explain the name but in 1835 he referred to boxfishes as "parrotfishes", so the name may refer the aracanga (''Macrocercus aracanga''), an old name for the [[scarlet macaw]] (''Ara macao''). The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''aurita'', means "eared", an allusion to the spines resembling horns above each eye, these horns together looking similar to a pair of ears.<ref name = ETYFFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/tetraodontiformes2/ |title=Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families MOLIDAE, BALISTIDAE, MONACANTHIDAE, ARACANIDAE and OSTRACIIDAE |date=21 August 2024 |access-date=23 September 2024 |author=Christopher Scharpf |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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''Aracana aurita'' has 10 or 11 soft rays in the [[dorsal fin]] and in the [[anal fin]] while there are 11 or 12 soft rays in both the [[pectoral fin]] and [[caudal fin]]. A stiff, boxy carapce made up of sculptured bony plates girds the body. This carapace has large recurved spines along its ridges. The dorsal and anal fins are set very far back on the body and are opposite each other. The bony plates on the [[caudal peduncle]] are less well developed than the carapace but they almost form a complete band in adults. The lines on the snout are nearly horizontal. They show [[sexual dimorphism]] in the colouration with the males having bright colouration with light blue wavy lines and spots on an orange background colour. The females and juveniles have a light orange to light brown overall colour marked with irregular brown and white sinuous lines or stripes.<ref name = FofA>{{cite web |title=''Aracana aurita'' |work=Fishes of Australia |access-date = 23 September 2024 |url=https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/833 |publisher=Museums Victoria}}</ref> This species has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|20|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Aracana aurita'' is endneic to southern Australia from [[Newcastle, New South Wales]] south to [[Tasmania]] west to [[Kalbarri, Western Australia]]. They are found in [[seagrass]] beds and offshorecrocky reefs in sheltered watres in bays, harbours and inlets at depths between {{cvt|10|and|160|m}}.<ref name = FofA/> |
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==Biology== |
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The '''Striped Cowfish''' (''''Aracana aurita''''') is a species of [[boxfish]] native to the Eastern [[Indian Ocean]]. Also known as '''Shaw's cowfish''', the species was first described by [[George Shaw]] in 1798.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Aracana-aurita.html |title=Aracana aurita |work=[[FishBase]] }}</ref> The Striped Cowfish is visibly larger than its close cousin the [[Ornate Cowfish]], with a maximum length of 20cm.<ref>{{citation |url=http://eol.org/pages/209489/overview |title=Aracana aurita |work=[[Encyclopedia of Life]] }}</ref> The species is [[sexually dimorphic]]. Females are plainer, with orange-brown stripes, while males are covered in blue lines and spots. Like other members of the family ''[[Ostraciidae]]'', these fish are rarely kept as pets or by less then expert aquarium hobbyists, as stress can cause them to release [[ostracitoxin]] from their skin, easily killing other fish in a tank. |
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''Aracana aurita'' prey on benthic invertebrates which they expose by blowing a jet of water into the substrate.<ref name = FofA/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references /> |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q774707}} |
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== External links == |
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* {{Commons category-inline|Aracana aurita}} |
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[[Category:Aracana|aurita]] |
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{{fish-stub}} |
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[[Category:Fish described in 1798]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by George Shaw]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:03, 1 November 2024
| Aracana aurita | |
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| Illustration from 1904's Kunstformen der Natur | |
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| A specimen at the California Academy of Sciences | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Aracanidae |
| Genus: | Aracana |
| Species: | A. aurita
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| Binomial name | |
| Aracana aurita (Shaw, 1798)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Aracana aurita, the Shaw's cowfish, painted boxfish, southern cowfish or striped cowfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Aracanidae, the deepwater boxfishes or temperate boxfishes. This species is endemic to the seas off southern Australia.
Taxonomy
[edit]Aracana auritia was first formally described in 1798 as Ostracion auritus by the Irish biologist George Shaw with its type locality given as the "Islands of the Pacific Ocean", thought to be Tasmania.[3] In 1838 John Edward Gray proposed a monotypic subgenus of Ostracion which he named Aracana, in 1866 Pieter Bleeker formally designated O. aurita as the type species of Aracana.[4] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus in the family Aracanidae which is in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes.[5]
Etymology
[edit]Aracana aurita is classified in the genus Aracana, a name which was variously spelt by Gray as Acarana in 1833, Acerana in 1835 and Aracana in 1838. The 1838 name is the one used because it has become the most commonly used name. Grey did not explain the name but in 1835 he referred to boxfishes as "parrotfishes", so the name may refer the aracanga (Macrocercus aracanga), an old name for the scarlet macaw (Ara macao). The specific name aurita, means "eared", an allusion to the spines resembling horns above each eye, these horns together looking similar to a pair of ears.[6]
Description
[edit]Aracana aurita has 10 or 11 soft rays in the dorsal fin and in the anal fin while there are 11 or 12 soft rays in both the pectoral fin and caudal fin. A stiff, boxy carapce made up of sculptured bony plates girds the body. This carapace has large recurved spines along its ridges. The dorsal and anal fins are set very far back on the body and are opposite each other. The bony plates on the caudal peduncle are less well developed than the carapace but they almost form a complete band in adults. The lines on the snout are nearly horizontal. They show sexual dimorphism in the colouration with the males having bright colouration with light blue wavy lines and spots on an orange background colour. The females and juveniles have a light orange to light brown overall colour marked with irregular brown and white sinuous lines or stripes.[7] This species has a maximum published total length of 20 cm (7.9 in).[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Aracana aurita is endneic to southern Australia from Newcastle, New South Wales south to Tasmania west to Kalbarri, Western Australia. They are found in seagrass beds and offshorecrocky reefs in sheltered watres in bays, harbours and inlets at depths between 10 and 160 m (33 and 525 ft).[7]
Biology
[edit]Aracana aurita prey on benthic invertebrates which they expose by blowing a jet of water into the substrate.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Holleman, W.; Fennessy, S.; Russell, B. & Matsuura, K. (2020). "Aracana aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T158883594A158883903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T158883594A158883903.en. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Aracana aurita". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Aracana". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Aracanidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families MOLIDAE, BALISTIDAE, MONACANTHIDAE, ARACANIDAE and OSTRACIIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Aracana aurita". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 23 September 2024.