Dutch withdrawal from the European Union: Difference between revisions

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Location of the Netherlands in the European Union

Dutch withdrawal from the European Union (colloquially "Nexit", a portmanteau of "Netherlands" and "exit") refers to the hypothesis that the Netherlands might withdraw from the European Union.^[1] The most recent opinion poll on the subject, in January 2020, showed a 33% minority favouring withdrawal.^[2]

Political initiatives

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called the possibility of a referendum "utterly irresponsible" and dangerous to the country.^[1] Political parties that are Hard Eurosceptic or calling for a referendum on European Union membership are the right-wing populist^[3]^[4] Party for Freedom and Forum for Democracy.^[5]^[6]

Public opinion

Date(s) conducted	Polling Firm	Sample	Remain	Leave	Undecided	Lead	Ref
Date(s) conducted	Polling Firm	Sample			Undecided	Lead	Ref
5–9 June 2020	I&O Research	1,638	75%	25%	—	50%	^[7]
19–24 April 2019	I&O Research	2,510	72%	16%	12%	56%	^[8]
25–28 March 2019	EenVandaag	27,652	64%	29%	7%	37%	^[9]
18–22 January 2019	I&O Research	2,510	72%	18%	10%	54%	^[10]
11–13 September 2018	Ipsos	1,017	55%	21%	24%	34%	^[11]
6 March – 7 April 2017	Pew Research	1,006	80%	18%	2%	62%	^[12]
5–7 July 2016	EenVandaag	25,681	53%	39%	8%	14%	^[13]
23 June 2016	The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU.
10–20 June 2016	EenVandaag	27,000	45%	48%	7%	3%	^[14]
27–31 May 2016	TNS Public Affairs	981	49%	33%	18%	16%	^[15]
4–7 March 2016	I&O Research	2,510	67%	22%	11%	45%	^[16]

Polling

A poll in the Netherlands by the Pew Research Center in June 2016, conducted before the British referendum which led to the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, found 51% of the Dutch respondents to have a positive view of the European Union and 46% a negative view.^[17] Another poll by peil.nl in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum found 50% of the respondents to be against a similar referendum in their country, with 46% of those in favour of remaining in the EU compared to 43% overall against remaining.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Lyons, Kate (27 June 2016). "Frexit, Nexit or Oexit? Who will be next to leave the EU". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
^ Klapwijk, Petra (31 January 2020). "33 procent wil na de brexit ook een 'nexit'" [33 percent also want a 'nexit' after Brexit]. EenVandaag. Retrieved 22 March 2023. Toch wil de meerderheid van de deelnemers graag lid van de EU blijven: 59 procent. [Nevertheless, the majority of the participants would like to remain a member of the EU: 59 percent.]
^ Pauwels, Teun (2014). Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317653912.
^ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
^ "Forum voor Democratie". Forumvoordemocratie.nl. 31 December 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
^ Kees Pieters (15 June 2016). "Zo denkt politiek Den Haag over een NEXIT-referendum". Politiek.tpo.nl. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
^ https://twitter.com/EuropeElects/status/1273206543949930496
^ https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/BWEBPR17_I%26O%20Research%20EU%20en%20EP%20april%202019_1.pdf Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
^ https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/panels/opiniepanel/alle-uitslagen/item/meerderheid-wil-geen-nexit/
^ https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/I%26O%20Research%20Brexit%20jan%202019.pdf
^ http://content1a.omroep.nl/urishieldv2/l27m031293d44dece972005ba4fed5000000.fd1c88970afd508c0d031a62afef8849/nos/docs/Ipsos_NOS_Prinsjesdagrapport2018.pdf
^ http://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/15/most-europeans-judge-brexit-as-bad-for-eu-and-uk
^ https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf
^ https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061532/https://www.tns-sofres.com/sites/default/files/2016.06.06-brexit.pdf
^ https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Politieke%20peiling%20maart%202016%20versie%202_1.pdf Archived 21 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Euroscepticism on rise in Europe, poll suggests". BBC News. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2016.

[next-1] Lyons, Kate (27 June 2016). "Frexit, Nexit or Oexit? Who will be next to leave the EU". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 June 2016.

[2] Klapwijk, Petra (31 January 2020). "33 procent wil na de brexit ook een 'nexit'" [33 percent also want a 'nexit' after Brexit]. EenVandaag. Retrieved 22 March 2023. Toch wil de meerderheid van de deelnemers graag lid van de EU blijven: 59 procent. [Nevertheless, the majority of the participants would like to remain a member of the EU: 59 percent.]

[Pauwels-3] Pauwels, Teun (2014). Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317653912.

[Oudenampsen-4] Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.

[5] "Forum voor Democratie". Forumvoordemocratie.nl. 31 December 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[6] Kees Pieters (15 June 2016). "Zo denkt politiek Den Haag over een NEXIT-referendum". Politiek.tpo.nl. Retrieved 22 September 2018.

[7] ttps://twitter.com/EuropeElects/status/1273206543949930496

[8] ttps://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/BWEBPR17_I%26O%20Research%20EU%20en%20EP%20april%202019_1.pdf Archived 21 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine

[9] ttps://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/panels/opiniepanel/alle-uitslagen/item/meerderheid-wil-geen-nexit/

[10] ttps://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/I%26O%20Research%20Brexit%20jan%202019.pdf

[11] ttp://content1a.omroep.nl/urishieldv2/l27m031293d44dece972005ba4fed5000000.fd1c88970afd508c0d031a62afef8849/nos/docs/Ipsos_NOS_Prinsjesdagrapport2018.pdf

[12] ttp://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/15/most-europeans-judge-brexit-as-bad-for-eu-and-uk

[13] ttps://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf

[14] ttps://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf

[15] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20201026061532/https://www.tns-sofres.com/sites/default/files/2016.06.06-brexit.pdf

[16] ttps://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Politieke%20peiling%20maart%202016%20versie%202_1.pdf Archived 21 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine

[17] "Euroscepticism on rise in Europe, poll suggests". BBC News. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
+[[File:EP-constituency-NL.svg|thumb|Location of the [[Netherlands]] in the [[European Union]]]]
 {{Short description|Conjecture that the Netherlands might leave the EU}}
-'''Dutch withdrawal from the European Union''' ([[colloquially]] "'''Nexit'''", a term [[Portmanteau|composed]] of "Netherlands" and "exit") refers to a desire by a group of people for [[Netherlands]] to leave the [[European Union]].<ref name=next>{{cite news|last1=Lyons|first1=Kate|title=Frexit, Nexit or Oexit? Who will be next to leave the EU|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/27/frexit-nexit-or-oexit-who-will-be-next-to-leave-the-eu|accessdate=28 June 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 June 2016}}</ref>
+'''Dutch withdrawal from the European Union''' ([[colloquially]] "'''Nexit'''", a [[portmanteau]] of "Netherlands" and "exit") refers to the hypothesis that the [[Netherlands]] might withdraw from the [[European Union]].<ref name=next>{{cite news|last1=Lyons|first1=Kate|title=Frexit, Nexit or Oexit? Who will be next to leave the EU|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/27/frexit-nexit-or-oexit-who-will-be-next-to-leave-the-eu|accessdate=28 June 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 June 2016}}</ref> The most recent opinion poll on the subject, in January 2020, showed a 33% minority favouring withdrawal.<ref>{{cite news | title=33 procent wil na de brexit ook een 'nexit' |first= Petra |last=Klapwijk |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=EenVandaag |trans-title=33 percent also want a 'nexit' after Brexit |quote=Toch wil de meerderheid van de deelnemers graag lid van de EU blijven: 59 procent.  |trans-quote=Nevertheless, the majority of the participants would like to remain a member of the EU: 59 percent. |url=https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/panels/opiniepanel/alle-uitslagen/item/33-procent-wil-na-de-brexit-ook-een-nexit/}}</ref>
 ==Political initiatives==
-Dutch Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]] called the possibility of a referendum "utterly irresponsible" and dangerous to the country.<ref name="next" /> Political parties advocating a referendum on European Union membership are the [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]]<ref name="Pauwels">{{Cite book|last=Pauwels|first=Teun|title=Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/?id=dmUtBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA117#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=117–118|isbn=9781317653912}}</ref><ref name="Oudenampsen">Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ |page=191 }} Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. ''Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse''. A&C Black. p. 191.</ref> [[Party for Freedom]], [[Forum for Democracy (Netherlands)|Forum for Democracy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forumvoordemocratie.nl/standpunten/europese-unie |title=Forum voor Democratie |work=Forumvoordemocratie.nl |date= 31 December 2016|accessdate=2017-02-23}}</ref> as well as the [[Libertarian Party (Netherlands)|Libertarian Party]] and [[50PLUS]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Kees Pieters |url=http://politiek.tpo.nl/2016/06/15/zo-denkt-politiek-den-haag-over-een-nexit-referendum/ |title=Zo denkt politiek Den Haag over een NEXIT-referendum |publisher=Politiek.tpo.nl |date= 15 June 2016|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref>
+Dutch Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]] called the possibility of a referendum "utterly irresponsible" and dangerous to the country.<ref name="next" /> Political parties that are Hard Eurosceptic or calling for a referendum on European Union membership are the [[Right-wing populism|right-wing populist]]<ref name="Pauwels">{{Cite book|last=Pauwels|first=Teun|title=Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dmUtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117|pages=117–118|isbn=9781317653912}}</ref><ref name="Oudenampsen">Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "[{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ |page=191 }} Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism]". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. ''Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse''. A&C Black. p. 191.</ref> [[Party for Freedom]] and [[Forum for Democracy (Netherlands)|Forum for Democracy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forumvoordemocratie.nl/standpunten/europese-unie |title=Forum voor Democratie |work=Forumvoordemocratie.nl |date= 31 December 2016|accessdate=2017-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kees Pieters |url=http://politiek.tpo.nl/2016/06/15/zo-denkt-politiek-den-haag-over-een-nexit-referendum/ |title=Zo denkt politiek Den Haag over een NEXIT-referendum |publisher=Politiek.tpo.nl |date= 15 June 2016|accessdate=2018-09-22}}</ref>
 ==Public opinion==
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" width:60px |Undecided
 ! rowspan="2" |Lead
+! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"|Ref
 |-
 ! data-sort-="" style="background:green;width:60px;" " type="number" |
@@ Line 22: / Line 24: @@
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-03-07" |5–9 June 2020
+|I&O Research
-|[https://twitter.com/EuropeElects/status/1273206543949930496 I&O Research]
 |1,638
 |{{yes|'''75%'''}}
@@ Line 28: / Line 30: @@
 |{{N/A}}
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |50%
+| <ref>https://twitter.com/EuropeElects/status/1273206543949930496</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-03-07" |19–24 April 2019
+|I&O Research
-|[https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/BWEBPR17_I%26O%20Research%20EU%20en%20EP%20april%202019_1.pdf I&O Research]
 |2,510
 |{{yes|'''72%'''}}
@@ Line 36: / Line 39: @@
 |12%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |56%
+| <ref>https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/BWEBPR17_I%26O%20Research%20EU%20en%20EP%20april%202019_1.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521012132/https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/BWEBPR17_I%26O%20Research%20EU%20en%20EP%20april%202019_1.pdf |date=21 May 2019 }}</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2019-03-28" |25–28 March 2019
+|EenVandaag
-|[https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/panels/opiniepanel/alle-uitslagen/item/meerderheid-wil-geen-nexit/ EenVandaag]
 |27,652
 |{{yes|'''64%'''}}
@@ Line 44: / Line 48: @@
 |7%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |37%
+| <ref>https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/panels/opiniepanel/alle-uitslagen/item/meerderheid-wil-geen-nexit/</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-03-07" |18–22 January 2019
+|I&O Research
-|[https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/I%26O%20Research%20Brexit%20jan%202019.pdf I&O Research]
 |2,510
 |{{yes|'''72%'''}}
@@ Line 52: / Line 57: @@
 |10%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |54%
+| <ref>https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/I%26O%20Research%20Brexit%20jan%202019.pdf</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2018-09-13" |11–13 September 2018
+|Ipsos
-|[http://content1a.omroep.nl/urishieldv2/l27m031293d44dece972005ba4fed5000000.fd1c88970afd508c0d031a62afef8849/nos/docs/Ipsos_NOS_Prinsjesdagrapport2018.pdf Ipsos]
 |1,017
 |{{yes|'''55%'''}}
@@ Line 60: / Line 66: @@
 |24%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |34%
+| <ref>http://content1a.omroep.nl/urishieldv2/l27m031293d44dece972005ba4fed5000000.fd1c88970afd508c0d031a62afef8849/nos/docs/Ipsos_NOS_Prinsjesdagrapport2018.pdf</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2018-09-13" |6 March – 7 April 2017
+| Pew Research
-|[http://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/15/most-europeans-judge-brexit-as-bad-for-eu-and-uk/ Pew Research]
 |1,006
 |{{yes|'''80%'''}}
@@ Line 68: / Line 75: @@
 |2%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |62%
+| <ref>http://www.pewglobal.org/2017/06/15/most-europeans-judge-brexit-as-bad-for-eu-and-uk</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-07-07" |5–7 July 2016
+|EenVandaag
-|[https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf EenVandaag]
 |25,681
 |{{yes|'''53%'''}}
@@ Line 76: / Line 84: @@
 |8%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |14%
+| <ref>https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-06-23" |23 June 2016
-| colspan="6" |'''The United Kingdom [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|votes to leave the EU]].'''
+| colspan="6" |''The United Kingdom [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|votes to leave the EU]].''
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-06-20" |10–20 June 2016
+|EenVandaag
-|[https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf EenVandaag]
 |27,000
 |45%
@@ Line 87: / Line 96: @@
 |7%
 | style="background:red;color:white;" |3%
+| <ref>https://eenvandaag.avrotros.nl/fileadmin/editorial/docs/uitslagrapportagebrexitennexit.pdf</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-05-31" |27–31 May 2016
-|[https://www.tns-sofres.com/sites/default/files/2016.06.06-brexit.pdf TNS Public Affairs]
+|TNS Public Affairs
 |981
 |{{yes|'''49%'''}}
@@ Line 95: / Line 105: @@
 |18%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |16%
+| <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061532/https://www.tns-sofres.com/sites/default/files/2016.06.06-brexit.pdf</ref>
 |-
 | data-sort-value="2016-03-07" |4–7 March 2016
+|I&O Research
-|[https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Politieke%20peiling%20maart%202016%20versie%202_1.pdf I&O Research]
 |2,510
 |{{yes|'''67%'''}}
@@ Line 103: / Line 114: @@
 |11%
 | style="background:green;color:white;" |45%
+| <ref>https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Politieke%20peiling%20maart%202016%20versie%202_1.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921191148/https://ioresearch.nl/Portals/0/Politieke%20peiling%20maart%202016%20versie%202_1.pdf |date=21 September 2018 }}</ref>
 |}
 ==Polling==
-A poll in the Netherlands by the [[Pew Research Center]] in June 2016, conducted before the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|British referendum]] which led to the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, found 51% of the Dutch respondents to have a positive view of the European Union and 46% a negative view.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 2016|title=Euroscepticism on rise in Europe, poll suggests|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36471989|accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref> Another poll by peil.nl in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum found 50% of the respondents to be against a similar referendum in their country, with 46% of those in favour of remaining in the EU compared to 43% overall against remaining.<ref name=next/>
+A poll in the Netherlands by the [[Pew Research Center]] in June 2016, conducted before the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|British referendum]] which led to the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, found 51% of the Dutch respondents to have a positive view of the European Union and 46% a negative view.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 June 2016|title=Euroscepticism on rise in Europe, poll suggests|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36471989|accessdate=28 June 2016}}</ref> Another poll by peil.nl in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum found 50% of the respondents to be against a similar referendum in their country, with 46% of those in favour of remaining in the EU compared to 43% overall against remaining.<ref name=next/>
+==See also==
+* [[Brexit]]
-==See also==
-* [[Danish withdrawal from the European Union|Danexit]]
+* [[Withdrawal from the European Union]]
+* {{section link|Euroscepticism|the Netherlands}}
-* [[Frexit|Frexit (French withdrawal from the EU)]]
-* [[Greek withdrawal from the eurozone]] (Grexit)
+* [[Danish withdrawal from the European Union]] (''Danexit'')
-* [[Euroscepticism]]
+* [[Frexit]]
+* [[Greek withdrawal from the eurozone]] (''Grexit'')
+* [[Hungarian withdrawal from the European Union]] (''Huxit'')
+* [[Polish withdrawal from the European Union]] (''Polexit'')
+* [[Romanian withdrawal from the European Union]] (''Roexit'')
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
+{{Withdrawal from the European Union}}
-==External links==
+[[Category:Public policy proposals]]
-*{{cite web |url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/politiek/dijsselbloem-pvv-bestelt-anti-eu-rapporten~a3591579/ |title=Dijsselbloem: PVV 'bestelt' anti-EU-rapporten|trans-title=Dijsselbloem: PVV 'orders' anti-EU reports|work=[[de Volkskrant]] |date=6 February 2014 |access-date=15 February 2019 |language=Dutch}}
-*{{cite web|last=Meeus|first= Tom-Jan|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/11/17/hoe-de-nexit-aanhangers-ineens-hun-luidruchtigheid-zijn-verloren-a2755564|title=Hoe de Nexit-aanhangers ineens hun luidruchtigheid zijn verloren|trans-title=How the Nexit supporters suddenly stopped being noisy|work=[[NRC Handelsblad]] |date=17 November 2018|access-date=15 February 2019 |language=Dutch}}
-[[Category:Proposals]]
 [[Category:Withdrawal from the European Union]]
 [[Category:Euroscepticism in the Netherlands]]

v t e Withdrawal from the European Union
Withdrawal of member state territories	French Algeria (independence) Greenland (changed to OCT status) Saint Pierre and Miquelon (changed to OCT status) Saint Barthélemy (changed to OCT status)
Withdrawal of member states	United Kingdom (and Gibraltar): Brexit
Hypothesised	Denmark France Hungary Netherlands Poland Romania
Current membership Enlargement Article 50 Procedure