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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| country = Portugal
| country = Portugal
| name = People–Animals–Nature <!-- Previous names: Party for Animals and Nature (Portuguese: Partido pelos Animais e pela Natureza), Party For Animals (Portuguese: Partido Pelos Animais) PPA -->
| name = People-Animals-Nature <!-- Previous names: Party for Animals and Nature (Portuguese: Partido pelos Animais e pela Natureza), Party For Animals (Portuguese: Partido Pelos Animais) - PPA -->
| native_name = Pessoas–Animais–Natureza
| native_name = Pessoas-Animais-Natureza
| abbreviation = '''PAN'''
| abbreviation = '''PAN'''
| colorcode = #006680
| colorcode = {{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}
| logo = People–Animals–Nature logo.svg
| logo = People-Animals-Nature logo.svg
| leader = Collective leadership
| leader = Collective leadership
| spokesperson = [[Inês Sousa Real]]
| spokesperson = [[Inês Sousa Real]]
Line 14: Line 14:
| dissolution =
| dissolution =
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| ideology = [[Environmentalism]]<ref name="Portgual News">{{cite news |last= Martins |first= Paula |date= 25 January 2022 |title= The politics of Portugal who are the parties? |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-01-25/the-politics-of-portugal-who-are-the-parties/64840 |agency= Reuters |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><br>[[Animal rights]]<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |last= Khalip |first= Andrei |date= 27 January 2022 |title= Factbox: Parties and leaders contesting Portugal's snap election |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/parties-leaders-contesting-portugals-snap-election-2022-01-27/ |work= Reuters |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |last= Roberts |first= Alison |date= 28 January 2022 |title= Portugal focuses on post-pandemic politics ahead of poll |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60154098?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA |work= BBC News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><br>[[Ecofeminism]]<ref name="Portugal.com">{{cite news |last= Silva |first= Lara |date= 31 January 2022 |title= 2022 Portuguese General Election: Socialist Party Wins Majority |url= https://www.portugal.com/news/2022-portuguese-general-election-socialist-party-wins-majority/ |work= Portugal.com |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Portugal News">{{cite news |last= Martins |first= Paula |date= 25 January 2022 |title= The politics of Portugal who are the parties? |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-01-25/the-politics-of-portugal-who-are-the-parties/64840 |work= The Portugal News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><!-- Please do NOT add any more ideologies here before gaining a consensus on the talk page first. These ideologies have been agreed to on the talk page. -->
| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|<!-- Please do NOT add any more ideologies here before gaining a consensus on the talk page first. These ideologies have been agreed to on the talk page. -->
|[[Environmentalism]]<ref name="Portgual News">{{cite news |last= Martins |first= Paula |date= 25 January 2022 |title= The politics of Portugal - who are the parties? |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-01-25/the-politics-of-portugal-who-are-the-parties/64840 |agency= Reuters |access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
|[[Animal rights]]{{refn|<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |last= Khalip |first= Andrei |date= 27 January 2022 |title= Factbox: Parties and leaders contesting Portugal's snap election |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/parties-leaders-contesting-portugals-snap-election-2022-01-27/ |work= Reuters |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |last= Roberts |first= Alison |date= 28 January 2022 |title= Portugal focuses on post-pandemic politics ahead of poll |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60154098?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA |work= BBC News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref>}}
|[[Ecofeminism]]{{refn|<ref name="Portugal.com">{{cite news |last= Silva |first= Lara |date= 31 January 2022 |title= 2022 Portuguese General Election: Socialist Party Wins Majority |url= https://www.portugal.com/news/2022-portuguese-general-election-socialist-party-wins-majority/ |work= Portugal.com |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Portugal News">{{cite news |last= Martins |first= Paula |date= 25 January 2022 |title= The politics of Portugal - who are the parties? |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-01-25/the-politics-of-portugal-who-are-the-parties/64840 |work= The Portugal News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref>}}
|[[Green liberalism]]
| position = [[Centre-left]]<ref name="Reuters"/>{{cref|a}}
}}
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]{{cref|A}}
| headquarters = Av. Almirante Reis, 81 B 1150-012 [[Lisboa]]
| headquarters = Av. Almirante Reis, 81 B 1150-012 [[Lisboa]]
| international =
| international =
| european = [[Animal Politics EU]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animalwelfareparty.org/euro-animal-7/|title=The EURO ANIMAL 7|date=2019-06-20|publisher=[[Animal Welfare Party]]|website=www.animalwelfareparty.org}}</ref><br>[[European Green Party]]
| european = [[Animal Politics EU]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animalwelfareparty.org/euro-animal-7/|title=The EURO ANIMAL 7|date=2019-06-20|publisher=[[Animal Welfare Party]]|website=www.animalwelfareparty.org}}</ref><br>[[European Green Party]]
| europarl = [[Greens–European Free Alliance]]<ref name="sicnoticias.pt">{{Cite web|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2018-12-13-PAN-quer-integrar-familia-dos-Verdes-na-Europa|title=SIC Notícias {{!}} PAN quer integrar família dos Verdes na Europa|website=SIC Notícias|language=pt-PT|access-date=2019-06-20|date=2018-12-13}}</ref>
| europarl = [[Greens-European Free Alliance]]<ref name="sicnoticias.pt">{{Cite web|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/pais/2018-12-13-PAN-quer-integrar-familia-dos-Verdes-na-Europa|title=SIC Notícias {{!}} PAN quer integrar família dos Verdes na Europa|website=SIC Notícias|language=pt-PT|access-date=2019-06-20|date=2018-12-13}}</ref>
| colours = {{color box|#006680}} [[Teal]]
| colours = {{color box|#006680}} [[Teal]]
| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]]
| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]]
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|1|230|hex=#006680}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/por-uma-unha-negra-pan-consegue-evitar-desaparecer-do-parlamento-14543451.html|title = Por uma unha negra. PAN consegue evitar desaparecer do Parlamento. O PAN reduziu o grupo parlamentar de quatro deputados para uma deputada única, mas esquiva-se ao desaparecimento na Assembleia da República."|date = 31 January 2022}}</ref>
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|1|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/por-uma-unha-negra-pan-consegue-evitar-desaparecer-do-parlamento-14543451.html|title = Por uma unha negra. PAN consegue evitar desaparecer do Parlamento. O PAN reduziu o grupo parlamentar de quatro deputados para uma deputada única, mas esquiva-se ao desaparecimento na Assembleia da República."|date = 31 January 2022}}</ref>
| seats2_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats2_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|21|hex=#006680}}
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|0|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Autonomous regions of Portugal|Regional<br />parliaments]]
| seats3_title = [[Autonomous regions of Portugal|Regional<br />parliaments]]
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|1|104|hex=#006680}}
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|2|104|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| seats4_title = [[List of municipalities of Portugal|Local government<br>(Mayors)]]
| seats4_title = [[List of municipalities of Portugal|Local government<br>(Mayors)]]
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|0|308|hex=#006680}}
| seats4 = {{Composition bar|0|308|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| seats5_title = [[List of municipalities of Portugal|Local<br />assemblies]]
| seats5_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br>(Parishes)]]
| seats5 = {{Composition bar|23|6444|hex=#006680}}
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|3058|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| seats6_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br>(Parishes)]]
| seats6 = {{composition bar|0|3058|hex=#006680}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.pan.com.pt/|pan.com.pt}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.pan.com.pt/|pan.com.pt}}
| footnotes = {{cnote|a|Some sources state that the party is neither on the left nor the right.<ref name="The Portugal News"/>}}
| footnotes = {{cnote|A|Some sources state that the party is neither on the left nor the right.<ref name="The Portugal News"/>}}
}}
}}


'''People–Animals–Nature''' ({{lang-pt|Pessoas-Animais-Natureza}}, '''PAN''') is an [[Environmentalism|environmentalist]],<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="Portugal.com"/> [[animal rights]]<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="BBC News"/> and [[animal welfare]]<ref name="Europe">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|title=Portugal|year=2019|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> focused [[List of Portuguese political parties|political party]] in [[Portugal]], founded in 2009. In 2015, they won one seat in the [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]].<ref name="Leg2015">[http://www.legislativas2015.mai.gov.pt/territorio-nacional.html Legislativas 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005221522/http://www.legislativas2015.mai.gov.pt/territorio-nacional.html |date=2015-10-05 }}. Retrieved 19 February 2017.</ref> In 2019, they also won one seat in the [[European Parliament]], and increased their seat share to 4 in the Assembly (with 2 seats won in [[Lisbon District|Lisbon]], 1 in [[Porto District|Porto]], and 1 in [[Setúbal District|Setúbal]]).
'''People-Animals-Nature''' ({{langx|pt|Pessoas-Animais-Natureza}}, '''PAN''') is an [[Environmentalism|environmentalist]],<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="Portugal.com"/> [[animal rights]],<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="BBC News"/> and [[animal welfare]]-focused [[political party in Portugal]],<ref name="Europe">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|title=Portugal|year=2019|access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> which was founded in 2009. In the [[2011 Madeira regional elections|2011 Madeiran regional election]], it had 2.13% of the votes, with a total of 3,135 votes, thus having elected one MP also in this regional parliament, Rui Manuel dos Santos Almeida.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eleicoes.mj.pt/regionais2011/ |title=Regionais 2011 |access-date=2012-03-29 |work=eleicoes.mj.pt |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (Portugal)|Ministry of Justice]] |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210194105/http://www.eleicoes.mj.pt/regionais2011/ |archive-date=2014-02-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2015, they won one seat in the [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]].<ref name="Leg2015">[http://www.legislativas2015.mai.gov.pt/territorio-nacional.html Legislativas 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005221522/http://www.legislativas2015.mai.gov.pt/territorio-nacional.html |date=2015-10-05 }}. Retrieved 19 February 2017.</ref>


In 2019, the People Animals Nature won one seat in the [[European Parliament]], and increased their seat share to 4 in the Assembly (with 2 seats won in [[Lisbon District|Lisbon]], 1 in [[Porto District|Porto]], and 1 in [[Setúbal District|Setúbal]]). In November 2021, on the brink of a political crisis, the then called ''geringonça'' (an informal left-wing alliance) imploded due to divergences regarding laboral legislations and the following year's state budget. PAN remained the only party in the parliament to abstain voting arguing that the country was not ready for another political and probably financial crisis in times of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. This political move had no effect in the end voting results and the government was dissolved by then President [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Portugal|first=Rádio e Televisão de|title=Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/politica/orcamento-do-estado-para-2022-chumbado-pelo-parlamento-na-generalidade_e1358855|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade|date=28 October 2021 |language=pt}}</ref>
In the [[2011 Madeira regional elections|2011 Madeiran regional election]], it had 2.13% of the votes, with a total of 3,135 votes, thus having elected one MP also in this regional parliament, Rui Manuel dos Santos Almeida.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eleicoes.mj.pt/regionais2011/ |title=Regionais 2011 |access-date=2012-03-29 |work=eleicoes.mj.pt |publisher=[[Ministry of Justice (Portugal)|Ministry of Justice]] |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210194105/http://www.eleicoes.mj.pt/regionais2011/ |archive-date=2014-02-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In November 2021, on the brink of a political crisis, the then called ''geringonça'' (an informal left-wing alliance) imploded due to divergences regarding laboral legislations and the following year's state budget. PAN remained the only party in the parliament to abstain voting arguing that the country wasn't ready for another political and probably financial crisis in times of COVID-19 pandemics. However, this political move had no effect in the end voting results and the government was dissolved by then President, [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Portugal|first=Rádio e Televisão de|title=Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/politica/orcamento-do-estado-para-2022-chumbado-pelo-parlamento-na-generalidade_e1358855|access-date=2022-01-10|website=Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade|language=pt}}</ref>


== Ideology, political position and policies ==
== Ideology, political position and policies ==
'''People–Animals–Nature''' is commonly described as an environmentalist party.<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="Portugal.com"/><ref>{{cite news |date= 9 October 2019 |title= Portugal's far-left open to working with new minority Socialist government |url= https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/09/portugal-s-far-left-open-to-working-with-new-minority-socialist-government |work= euronews |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 8 October 2019 |title= Portugal president asks Antonio Costa to form government |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/8/portugal-president-asks-antonio-costa-to-form-government |work= Al Jazeera |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref> It has been described as becoming "known for fighting for animal rights", "fights against cruelty to animals"<ref name="The Portugal News"/> and as having an "animalist" ideology.<ref name="Portugal.com"/>
People-Animals-Nature is commonly described as an environmentalist party.<ref name="Reuters"/><ref name="Portugal.com"/><ref>{{cite news |date= 9 October 2019 |title= Portugal's far-left open to working with new minority Socialist government |url= https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/09/portugal-s-far-left-open-to-working-with-new-minority-socialist-government |work= euronews |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 8 October 2019 |title= Portugal president asks Antonio Costa to form government |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/8/portugal-president-asks-antonio-costa-to-form-government |work= Al Jazeera |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref> It has been described as becoming "known for fighting for animal rights", "fights against cruelty to animals",<ref name="The Portugal News"/> and as having an "animalist" ideology.<ref name="Portugal.com"/> The party has been described as holding [[ecofeminist]] and [[progressivism|progressive]] ideologies.<ref name="Portugal.com" /> It has also been described as being "identified neither from the right nor from the left."<ref name="The Portugal News" /> Other sources have identified the party as being on the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] of the [[political spectrum]].<ref name="Reuters" />


In terms of policy, the party has "campaigned to invest in the national health service but does believe that the private and public sectors can work together", supports [[Free public transport|free transportation]] to combat [[climate change]] and cutting Portugal's [[Corporate tax|corporate income tax]] rate to 17 percent by 2026.<ref name="Portugal.com" /><ref name="The Portugal News" /> [[André Lourenço e Silva|André Silva]], the party MP and then spokesperson for the party, on the party's fifth anniversary in January 2016, said the party's visibility had highlighted "causes, values, messages, ideas and measures that nobody else talks about", such as "[[bull fighting]], climate change and [[oil drilling]]", which he dubbed "forgotten subjects".<ref>{{cite news |date= 14 January 2016 |title= People-Animal-Nature Party turns five |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/people-animal-nature-party-turns-five/37174 |work= The Portugal News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref> Along with the political party [[LIVRE]], PAN has "sparked conversations with proposals for [[universal basic income|unconditional basic income]]".<ref name="BBC News" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Renascença |date=2022-01-14 |title=Rendimento Básico Incondicional. É mesmo possível e desejável recebermos dinheiro por existirmos? - Renascença |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/especial/economia/2022/01/15/rendimento-basico-incondicional-e-mesmo-possivel-e-desejavel-recebermos-dinheiro-por-existirmos/267931/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Rádio Renascença |language=pt-pt}}</ref>
The party has also been described as holding [[ecofeminist]] and [[progressivism|progressive]] ideologies.<ref name="Portugal.com"/> However, it has also been described as being "identified neither from the right nor from the left."<ref name="The Portugal News"/> Although other sources have identified the party as being on the [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] of the [[political spectrum]].<ref name="Reuters"/>
[[File:Cartaz PAN Coimbra 2015 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Outdoor in [[Coimbra]] for the [[2015 Portuguese legislative election|2015 legislative elections]]]]


== Election results ==
In terms of policy the party has "campaigned to invest in the national health service but does believe that the private and public sectors can work together", supports [[Free public transport|free transportation]] to combat [[climate change]] and cutting Portugal's [[Corporate tax|corporate income tax]] rate to 17 percent by 2026.<ref name="Portugal.com"/><ref name="The Portugal News"/> Party MP and then spokesperson for the party, [[André Lourenço e Silva|André Silva]], on the party's fifth anniversary in January 2016 said the party's visibility had highlighted, "causes, values, messages, ideas and measures that nobody else talks about", such as "[[bull fighting]], climate change and [[oil drilling]]", which he dubbed "forgotten subjects".<ref>{{cite news |date= 14 January 2016 |title= People-Animal-Nature Party turns five |url= https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/people-animal-nature-party-turns-five/37174 |work= The Portugal News |access-date= 1 February 2022}}</ref> Along with the political party [[LIVRE]], PAN has "sparked conversations with proposals for [[universal basic income|unconditional basic income]]".<ref name="BBC News"/>

== Electoral results ==
=== Assembly of the Republic ===
=== Assembly of the Republic ===
'''Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections'''
'''Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections'''
<timeline>
{{Graph:Chart
ImageSize = width:270 height:200
|width=200
PlotArea = width:220 height:170 left:40 bottom:20
|height=125
AlignBars = justify
|xAxisTitle=

|yAxisTitle=% of votes
Colors =
|type=rect
id:PAN value:teal legend:PAN
|yAxisMax=10

|xAxisFormat=%
DateFormat = x.y
|x=2011,2015,2019,2022
Period = from:0 till:5
|y=1.0,1.4,3.3,1.6
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
|colors=#006680
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:0
|showValues=offset:4

}}
PlotData =
bar:Seats color:claret width:25 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
bar:2011 color:PAN from:start till:1.0 text:1.0
bar:2015 color:PAN from:start till:1.4 text:1.4
bar:2019 color:PAN from:start till:3.3 text:3.3
bar:2022 color:PAN from:start till:1.6 text:1.6
bar:2024 color:PAN from:start till:2.0 text:2.0
</timeline>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
|-
Line 80: Line 88:
| 57,849
| 57,849
| 1.0 (#7)
| 1.0 (#7)
| {{Composition bar|0|230|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|0|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|
|
| {{n/a|No seats}}
| {{n/a|No seats}}
Line 88: Line 96:
| 75,140
| 75,140
| 1.4 (#6)
| 1.4 (#6)
| {{Composition bar|1|230|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|1|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{increase}} 1
| {{increase}}1
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
Line 95: Line 103:
| 173,931
| 173,931
| 3.3 (#6)
| 3.3 (#6)
| {{Composition bar|4|230|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|4|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{increase}}3
| {{increase}}3
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
! [[2022 Portuguese legislative election|2022]]
! [[2022 Portuguese legislative election|2022]]
| align="left"|[[Inês Sousa Real]]
| rowspan="2" align="left"|[[Inês Sousa Real]]
| 88,152
| 88,152
| 1.6 (#7)
| 1.6 (#7)
| {{Composition bar|1|230|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|1|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{decrease}}3
| {{decrease}}3
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
! [[2024 Portuguese legislative election|2024]]
| 126,125
| 2.0 (#7)
| {{Composition bar|1|230|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{steady}}0
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|}
|}


=== European Parliament ===
=== European Parliament ===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
! Election
|-
! rowspan="2" width="50px"| Election
! width="175px"| Leader
! Votes
! colspan="5"| [[European Parliament]]
! %
! rowspan="2" width="40px"| Size
! Seats
! rowspan="2"| Candidate
! +/–
|-
! EP Group
! width="85px"| Votes
! width="50px"| %
! width="40px"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="100px"| Seats won
! width="40px"| +/
|-
|-
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Portugal|2014]]
! [[2014 European Parliament election in Portugal|2014]]
| align=left|[[Orlando Figueiredo]]
| 56,363
| 56,363
| 1.7%
| 1.7 (#7)
| {{Composition bar|0|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|
|
| align=center| –
| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex=#006680}}
|
| 7th
| [[Orlando Figueiredo]]
|-
|-
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|2019]]
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|2019]]
| align=left|[[Francisco Guerreiro]]
| '''167,130'''
| 168,015
| '''5.1%'''
| 5.1 (#6)
| {{increase}}3.4
| '''{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}'''
| {{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{increase}}1
| {{increase}}1
| align=center| [[The Greens - European Free Alliance|G/EFA]]
| 6th
|-
| [[Francisco Guerreiro]]
! [[2024 European Parliament election in Portugal|2024]]
| align=left|[[Pedro Fidalgo Marques]]
| 48,006
| 1.2 (#9)
| {{Composition bar|0|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{decrease}}1
| align=center| –
|}
|}


Line 153: Line 170:
|-
|-
! [[Azores]]
! [[Azores]]
! [[2020 Azorean regional election|2020]]
! [[2024 Azorean regional election|2024]]
| 2,004
| 1,907
| 1.9 (8th)
| 1.7 (#6)
| {{composition bar|1|57|hex=#006680}}
| {{composition bar|1|57|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{Increase}} 1
| {{steady}}0
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
! [[Madeira]]
! [[Madeira]]
! [[2019 Madeiran regional election|2019]]
! [[2024 Madeiran regional election|2024]]
| 2,095
| 2,531
| 1.5 (7th)
| 1.9 (#7)
| {{composition bar|0|47|hex=#006680}}
| {{composition bar|1|47|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
| {{Steady}}
| {{steady}}0
| align=center bgcolor=#ddd| Extra-parliamentary
| align=center | TBD
|}
|}


Line 179: Line 196:
| 629
| 629
| 4.6%
| 4.6%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Almada]]
![[Almada]]
| 3,340
| 3,340
| 5.0%
| 5.0%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Amadora]]
![[Amadora]]
| 2,561
| 2,561
| 4.1%
| 4.1%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]]
![[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]]
| 1,508
| 1,508
| 4.4%
| 4.4%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Barreiro, Portugal|Barreiro]]
![[Barreiro, Portugal|Barreiro]]
| 1,173
| 1,173
| 3.4%
| 3.4%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Cascais]]
![[Cascais]]
| 4,006
| 4,006
| 5.2%
| 5.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]
![[Faro, Portugal|Faro]]
| 1,235
| 1,235
| 4.6%
| 4.6%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Horta, Azores|Horta]]
![[Horta, Azores|Horta]]
| 392
| 392
| 4.8%
| 4.8%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]]
![[Lagos, Portugal|Lagos]]
| 470
| 470
| 4.3%
| 4.3%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Leiria]]
![[Leiria]]
| 1,988
| 1,988
| 3.2%
| 3.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
! [[Lisbon]]
! [[Lisbon]]
| 10,811
| 10,811
| 4.3%
| 4.3%
| {{Composition bar|2|51|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|2|51|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Loures]]
![[Loures]]
| 2,637
| 2,637
| 3.1%
| 3.1%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Mafra, Portugal|Mafra]]
![[Mafra, Portugal|Mafra]]
| 1,398
| 1,398
| 4.2%
| 4.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Maia]]
![[Maia]]
| 3,046
| 3,046
| 4.2%
| 4.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Matosinhos]]
![[Matosinhos]]
| 3,022
| 3,022
| 3.8%
| 3.8%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Moita]]
![[Moita]]
| 1,060
| 1,060
| 4.3%
| 4.3%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Odivelas]]
![[Odivelas]]
| 2,339
| 2,339
| 4.0%
| 4.0%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Oeiras, Portugal|Oeiras]]
![[Oeiras, Portugal|Oeiras]]
| 3,183
| 3,183
| 3.9%
| 3.9%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Oporto]]
![[Oporto]]
| 3,195
| 3,195
| 2.8%
| 2.8%
|{{Composition bar|1|39|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|39|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Póvoa de Varzim]]
![[Póvoa de Varzim]]
| 1,397
| 1,397
| 4.7%
| 4.7%
|{{Composition bar|1|27|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|27|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Seixal]]
![[Seixal]]
| 2,875
| 2,875
| 4.8%
| 4.8%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Setúbal]]
![[Setúbal]]
| 1,859
| 1,859
| 4.1%
| 4.1%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
! [[Sintra]]
! [[Sintra]]
| 5,823
| 5,823
| 4.4%
| 4.4%
| {{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Vila Franca de Xira]]
![[Vila Franca de Xira]]
| 2,468
| 2,468
| 4.6%
| 4.6%
|{{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
! [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]
! [[Vila Nova de Gaia]]
| 5,131
| 5,131
| 3.7%
| 3.7%
| {{Composition bar|1|33|hex=#006680}}
| {{Composition bar|1|33|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|}
|}


Line 312: Line 329:
| 392
| 392
| 4.8%
| 4.8%
|{{Composition bar|1|19|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|19|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo]]
![[Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo]]
| 991
| 991
| 4.5%
| 4.5%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Algueirão-Mem Martins]]
![[Algueirão-Mem Martins]]
| 1,038
| 1,038
| 4.7%
| 4.7%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Arroios]]
![[Arroios]]
| 706
| 706
| 5.2%
| 5.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|19|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|19|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias]]
![[Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias]]
| 1,192
| 1,192
| 4.2%
| 4.2%
|{{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|21|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Penha de França]]
![[Penha de França]]
| 649
| 649
| 5.5%
| 5.5%
|{{Composition bar|1|19|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|19|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|-
|-
![[Olivais (Lisbon)|Olivais]]
![[Olivais, Lisbon|Olivais]]
| 672
| 672
| 4.52%
| 4.52%
|{{Composition bar|1|19|hex=#006680}}
|{{Composition bar|1|19|{{party color|People-Animals-Nature}}}}
|}
|}


Line 392: Line 409:
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}}
|23 / 6,424
|23 / 6,424
|''–3''
|''-3''
|16 / 26,705
|16 / 26,705
|''+10''
|''+10''
Line 398: Line 415:


== List of leaders ==
== List of leaders ==
[[File:Paulo Borges (Partidos Animalistas Europeos encuentro en Lisboa).jpg|170px|thumb|right|Paulo Borges, the party's first leader, pictured in January 2014.]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2| Name
! colspan="2" |Name
!Portrait
! Start
!Constituency
! End
!Start
!End
! colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |1
| 1st
| [[Paulo Borges]]
| rowspan="2" |Paulo Borges<br><small>(b. 1959)</small>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Paulo Borges (Partidos Animalistas Europeos encuentro en Lisboa) (cropped).jpg|107x107px]]
| 10 April 2011
| rowspan="2" |[[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]]
| 26 October 2014
| rowspan="2" |10 April 2011
| rowspan="2" |26 October 2014
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}" |
|[[José Sócrates]] <small>(2005–2011)</small>
|-
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}" |
| 2nd
| rowspan="2" |[[Pedro Passos Coelho]] <small>(2011–2015)</small>
| [[André Lourenço e Silva]]
| 26 October 2014
| 6 June 2021
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |2
| 3rd
| rowspan="2" |[[André Lourenço e Silva|André Silva]]<br><small>(b. 1976)</small>
| [[Inês Sousa Real]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:André Silva cropped.png|120x120px]]
| 6 June 2021
| rowspan="2" |[[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]]
| Present
| rowspan="2" |26 October 2014
| rowspan="2" |6 June 2021
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}" |
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[António Costa]] <small>(2015–2024)</small>
|-
! rowspan="2" |3
| rowspan="2" |[[Inês Sousa Real]]<br><small>(b. 1980)</small>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Inês Sousa Real.jpg|119x119px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Europe (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Europe]] <small>(2011–2015)</small><br>[[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]] <small>(since 2015)</small>
| rowspan="2" |6 June 2021
| rowspan="2" |''present''
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}" |
|-
| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}"|
|[[Luís Montenegro]] <small>(2024–present)</small>
|}
|}


{{#tag:timeline|ImageSize=width:900 height:auto barincrement:20
== Notes ==
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20
{{notelist}}
AlignBars = late

Colors =
id:PAN value:teal legend:People_Animals_Nature_(PAN)
id:gray1 value:gray(0.8)
id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)
id:grid value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/2011 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:2 start:2012
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:2011

Legend = columns:1 left:255 top:35 columnwidth:75

TextData =
pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
text:"Political parties:"

BarData =
barset:PM

bar:Borges
bar:Silva
bar:Real

PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:PM

bar:Borges
from: 10/04/2011 till: 26/10/2014 color:PAN text:"Borges" fontsize:10
bar:Silva
from: 26/10/2014 till: 06/06/2021 color:PAN text:"[[André Lourenço e Silva|Silva]]" fontsize:10
bar:Real
from: 06/06/2021 till: {{#time:d/m/Y}} color:PAN text:"[[Inês Sousa Real|Real]]" fontsize:10}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 443: Line 518:
[[Category:Political parties established in 2009]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2009]]
[[Category:Political parties in Portugal]]
[[Category:Political parties in Portugal]]
[[Category:Political parties supporting universal basic income]]

Latest revision as of 02:07, 2 November 2024

People-Animals-Nature
Pessoas-Animais-Natureza
AbbreviationPAN
LeaderCollective leadership
SpokespersonInês Sousa Real
Founded22 May 2009 (2009-05-22)
Legalised13 January 2011 (2011-01-13)
HeadquartersAv. Almirante Reis, 81 B 1150-012 Lisboa
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left[A]
European affiliationAnimal Politics EU[8]
European Green Party
European Parliament groupGreens-European Free Alliance[9]
Colours  Teal
Assembly of the Republic
1 / 230
[10]
European Parliament
0 / 21
Regional
parliaments
2 / 104
Local government
(Mayors)
0 / 308
Local government
(Parishes)
0 / 3,058
Website
pan.com.pt

^ A: Some sources state that the party is neither on the left nor the right.[6]

People-Animals-Nature (Portuguese: Pessoas-Animais-Natureza, PAN) is an environmentalist,[2][5] animal rights,[2][3] and animal welfare-focused political party in Portugal,[11] which was founded in 2009. In the 2011 Madeiran regional election, it had 2.13% of the votes, with a total of 3,135 votes, thus having elected one MP also in this regional parliament, Rui Manuel dos Santos Almeida.[12] In 2015, they won one seat in the Assembly of the Republic.[13]

In 2019, the People Animals Nature won one seat in the European Parliament, and increased their seat share to 4 in the Assembly (with 2 seats won in Lisbon, 1 in Porto, and 1 in Setúbal). In November 2021, on the brink of a political crisis, the then called geringonça (an informal left-wing alliance) imploded due to divergences regarding laboral legislations and the following year's state budget. PAN remained the only party in the parliament to abstain voting arguing that the country was not ready for another political and probably financial crisis in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. This political move had no effect in the end voting results and the government was dissolved by then President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.[14]

Ideology, political position and policies

[edit]

People-Animals-Nature is commonly described as an environmentalist party.[2][5][15][16] It has been described as becoming "known for fighting for animal rights", "fights against cruelty to animals",[6] and as having an "animalist" ideology.[5] The party has been described as holding ecofeminist and progressive ideologies.[5] It has also been described as being "identified neither from the right nor from the left."[6] Other sources have identified the party as being on the centre-left of the political spectrum.[2]

In terms of policy, the party has "campaigned to invest in the national health service but does believe that the private and public sectors can work together", supports free transportation to combat climate change and cutting Portugal's corporate income tax rate to 17 percent by 2026.[5][6] André Silva, the party MP and then spokesperson for the party, on the party's fifth anniversary in January 2016, said the party's visibility had highlighted "causes, values, messages, ideas and measures that nobody else talks about", such as "bull fighting, climate change and oil drilling", which he dubbed "forgotten subjects".[17] Along with the political party LIVRE, PAN has "sparked conversations with proposals for unconditional basic income".[3][18]

Outdoor in Coimbra for the 2015 legislative elections

Election results

[edit]

Assembly of the Republic

[edit]

Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
2011 Paulo Borges 57,849 1.0 (#7)
0 / 230
No seats
2015 André Lourenço e Silva 75,140 1.4 (#6)
1 / 230
Increase1 Opposition
2019 173,931 3.3 (#6)
4 / 230
Increase3 Opposition
2022 Inês Sousa Real 88,152 1.6 (#7)
1 / 230
Decrease3 Opposition
2024 126,125 2.0 (#7)
1 / 230
Steady0 Opposition

European Parliament

[edit]
Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
2014 Orlando Figueiredo 56,363 1.7 (#7)
0 / 21
2019 Francisco Guerreiro 168,015 5.1 (#6)
1 / 21
Increase1 G/EFA
2024 Pedro Fidalgo Marques 48,006 1.2 (#9)
0 / 21
Decrease1

Regional Assemblies

[edit]
Region Election Votes % Seats +/- Government
Azores 2024 1,907 1.7 (#6)
1 / 57
Steady0 Opposition
Madeira 2024 2,531 1.9 (#7)
1 / 47
Steady0 TBD

Municipalities

[edit]
Municipality Votes Percentage Local
assemblies
Albufeira 629 4.6%
1 / 21
Almada 3,340 5.0%
1 / 33
Amadora 2,561 4.1%
1 / 33
Aveiro 1,508 4.4%
1 / 27
Barreiro 1,173 3.4%
1 / 27
Cascais 4,006 5.2%
1 / 33
Faro 1,235 4.6%
1 / 27
Horta 392 4.8%
1 / 21
Lagos 470 4.3%
1 / 21
Leiria 1,988 3.2%
1 / 33
Lisbon 10,811 4.3%
2 / 51
Loures 2,637 3.1%
1 / 33
Mafra 1,398 4.2%
1 / 27
Maia 3,046 4.2%
1 / 33
Matosinhos 3,022 3.8%
1 / 33
Moita 1,060 4.3%
1 / 27
Odivelas 2,339 4.0%
1 / 33
Oeiras 3,183 3.9%
1 / 33
Oporto 3,195 2.8%
1 / 39
Póvoa de Varzim 1,397 4.7%
1 / 27
Seixal 2,875 4.8%
1 / 33
Setúbal 1,859 4.1%
1 / 33
Sintra 5,823 4.4%
1 / 33
Vila Franca de Xira 2,468 4.6%
1 / 33
Vila Nova de Gaia 5,131 3.7%
1 / 33

Parishes

[edit]
Municipality Votes Percentage Parish
assemblies
Albufeira e Olhos de Água 392 4.8%
1 / 19
Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo 991 4.5%
1 / 21
Algueirão-Mem Martins 1,038 4.7%
1 / 21
Arroios 706 5.2%
1 / 19
Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias 1,192 4.2%
1 / 21
Penha de França 649 5.5%
1 / 19
Olivais 672 4.52%
1 / 19

Local results

[edit]
Date Mayors +/- Parishes +/- Municipal Chamber +/- Municipal Assembly +/- Local Assembly +/-
2013 0 / 308 New 0 / 3,057 New 0 / 2,056 New 5 / 6,424 New 1 / 26,705 New
2017 0 / 308 Steady 0 / 3,057 Steady 0 / 2,056 Steady 26 / 6,424 +21 6 / 26,705 +5
2021[19] 0 / 308 Steady 0 / 3,057 Steady 0 / 2,056 Steady 23 / 6,424 -3 16 / 26,705 +10

List of leaders

[edit]
Name Portrait Constituency Start End Prime Minister
1 Paulo Borges
(b. 1959)
Lisbon 10 April 2011 26 October 2014 José Sócrates (2005–2011)
Pedro Passos Coelho (2011–2015)
2 André Silva
(b. 1976)
Lisbon 26 October 2014 6 June 2021
António Costa (2015–2024)
3 Inês Sousa Real
(b. 1980)
Europe (2011–2015)
Lisbon (since 2015)
6 June 2021 present
Luís Montenegro (2024–present)
Inês Sousa RealAndré Lourenço e Silva

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Martins, Paula (25 January 2022). "The politics of Portugal - who are the parties?". Reuters. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e Khalip, Andrei (27 January 2022). "Factbox: Parties and leaders contesting Portugal's snap election". Reuters. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Roberts, Alison (28 January 2022). "Portugal focuses on post-pandemic politics ahead of poll". BBC News. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  4. ^ [2][3]
  5. ^ a b c d e f Silva, Lara (31 January 2022). "2022 Portuguese General Election: Socialist Party Wins Majority". Portugal.com. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e Martins, Paula (25 January 2022). "The politics of Portugal - who are the parties?". The Portugal News. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  7. ^ [5][6]
  8. ^ "The EURO ANIMAL 7". www.animalwelfareparty.org. Animal Welfare Party. 20 June 2019.
  9. ^ "SIC Notícias | PAN quer integrar família dos Verdes na Europa". SIC Notícias (in European Portuguese). 13 December 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  10. ^ "Por uma unha negra. PAN consegue evitar desaparecer do Parlamento. O PAN reduziu o grupo parlamentar de quatro deputados para uma deputada única, mas esquiva-se ao desaparecimento na Assembleia da República."". 31 January 2022.
  11. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  12. ^ "Regionais 2011". eleicoes.mj.pt (in Portuguese). Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
  13. ^ Legislativas 2015 Archived 2015-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  14. ^ Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (28 October 2021). "Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade". Orçamento do Estado para 2022 chumbado pelo Parlamento na generalidade (in Portuguese). Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Portugal's far-left open to working with new minority Socialist government". euronews. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Portugal president asks Antonio Costa to form government". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  17. ^ "People-Animal-Nature Party turns five". The Portugal News. 14 January 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  18. ^ Renascença (14 January 2022). "Rendimento Básico Incondicional. É mesmo possível e desejável recebermos dinheiro por existirmos? - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  19. ^ Território Nacional. Portugal Continental e Regiões Autónomas. www.autarquicas2021.mai.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Ministério Administração Interna. Retrieved September 27, 2021. https://www.autarquicas2021.mai.gov.pt/resultados/territorio-nacional?election=CM
[edit]