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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| color = lightgreen |
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| image = |
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| genus = Abelmoschus |
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] |
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| authority = ([[Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]) [[J.M.C. Stevels|Stevels]] |
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] |
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| synonyms = {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | |
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| ordo = [[Malvales]] |
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| familia = [[Malvaceae]] |
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*''Abelmoschus esculentus'' <small>(L.) Moench</small> |
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*''Abelmoschus manihot'' <small>(L.) Medik</small> |
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*''Hibiscus esculentus'' <small>L.</small> |
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| binomial = ''Abelmoschus caillei'' |
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*''Hibiscus manihot'' var. ''caillei'' <small>A.Chev.</small> |
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| binomial_authority = ([[A.Chev.]]) [[Stevels]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name=CRC>{{cite book |title= CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology |author= Umberto Quattrocchi |edition= reprint |publisher= CRC Press |year= 2016 |isbn= 9781482250640 |page= 1}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''''Abelmoschus caillei''''', the [[West Africa]]n [[okra]], is a plant species in the family [[Malvaceae]]. It occurs in humid areas of [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]],<ref>{{cite book |title= Vegetables |volume= 2 |series= Plant resources of tropical Africa |editor= G. J. H. Grubben |publisher= PROTA |year= 2004 |isbn= 9789057821479 |page= 26}}</ref> where it is used as a [[vegetable]].<ref name="prota">Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref> It originated as an [[allopolyploid]] [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] of ''[[Okra|Abelmoschus esculentus]]'' and ''[[Abelmoschus manihot|A. manihot]]'', and is often mistaken for either of those two plants.<ref name=CRC/> It was officially described elevated to the status of a species in 1988.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter - Morphological characterization of two species of Abelmoschus: Abelmoschus esculentus and Abelmoschus caillei|url=https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/PGR/article-issue_144-art_10-lang_en.html|access-date=2021-03-16|website=www.bioversityinternational.org}}</ref> The same hybrid was produced experimentally in [[Japan]] where it is known as ''Abelmoschus glutino-textile''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
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==Description== |
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''Hibiscus manihot'' var. ''caillei'' A.Chev. (1940).<ref name="prota">Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref> |
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''Abelmoschus caillei'' occurs as an erect and stout [[herb]] that is often woody at the base. Its [[flower]]s are [[axil]]lary, with their petals yellow to pink.<ref name=CRC/> The plant is typically 60-65 inches tall (though it may reach 85 inches).<ref name=":1" /> The stems may be green, red, or green with some red pigmentation.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Seed|seeds]] are typically ovoid to oblong in shape, about 3-5 inches long, and may have a rough surface.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The [[Leaf|leaves]] are green and lobed, while [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] are typically purple.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=AdeOluwa|first1=O.O.|last2=Kehinde|first2=O.B.|date=2011|title=Genetic Variability Studies in West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei)|url=https://www.scihub.org/ABJNA/PDF/2011/10/ABJNA-2-10-1326-1335.pdf|journal=Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America|doi=10.5251/abjna.2011.2.10.1326.1335|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> |
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== Vernacular names == |
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West African okra (English); Gombo ouest-africain, gumbo ouest-africain (French).<ref name="prota"/><ref name="protabase"/> |
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==Uses== |
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The genus ''[[Abelmoschus]]'' is naturally distributed across Asia, Africa, and Australia; however '''West African okra''' is a cultigen occurring mainly in [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]]. It has been reported from [[Guinea]] to [[Nigeria]] in West Africa, in [[Cameroon]], [[Gabon]] and [[DR Congo]] in Central Africa, and in [[Uganda]] in [[East Africa]]. Its distribution is restricted to humid and perhumid climates in Africa, between 12°N and 12°S, most commonly between 5°N and 10°N, whereas the common okra (''[[Abelmoschus esculentus]]'') can be found worldwide throughout the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate regions.<ref name="prota"/><ref name="protabase"/> |
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''Abelmoschus caillei'' is consumed as a vegetable in a variety of ways, with young leaves being consumed as [[spinach]] and young fruits being consumed after being cooked or fried. Its edibility combined with its resistance to ''[[Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus]]'' allows the plant to be commonly cultivated in [[subsistence farming]] in high rainfall areas of West Africa.<ref>{{cite book |title= Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops |volume= 2 |author= K. V. Peter |publisher= New India Publishing |year= 2007 |isbn= 9788189422691 |page= 216}}</ref> Its leaves can also be used as cattle feed.<ref name=CRC/> |
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== Uses in tropical Africa == |
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Young immature fruits are an important vegetable, consumed cooked or fried. In West Africa they are usually boiled in water to make slimy soups and sauces. Fruits can be dried, whole or sliced, and subsequently conserved. Before selling, the dried product is usually ground to a powder. Young leaves are sometimes consumed as spinach.<ref name="prota"/><ref name="protabase"/> |
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Intensive contact with the fruit and plant may cause skin irritation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abelmoschus caillei - Useful Tropical Plants|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Abelmoschus+caillei|access-date=2021-03-16|website=tropical.theferns.info}}</ref> |
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There are no apparent differences in uses between West African and common okra. The extent to which the uses mentioned below apply to West African okra is unknown. Leaves are considered good cattle feed, but this is seldom compatible with the plant’s primary use for human consumption. Okra mucilage is suitable for medicinal and industrial applications. It has been used as a blood plasma replacement or blood volume expander. Leaves are sometimes used as a basis for poultices, as an emollient, sudorific or antiscorbutic and to treat dysuria. Okra mucilage has been added as size to glaze paper, and is used in confectionery. The bark contains a fibre which is suitable for spinning into rope and for paper and cardboard manufacture. The fibre has been locally used for fishlines and game traps, but fibre harvesting is incompatible with fruit harvesting. Roasted seeds of okra are used in some areas as a substitute for coffee.<ref name="prota"/><ref name="protabase"/> |
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In Nigeria, the plant is used medicinally for sore throats and child bearing, as well as to make certain household items like rope and sponges.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Osawaru|first1=M.E.|last2=Ogwu|first2=M.C.|date=September 2013|title=Collecting West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevel) Germplasm from Traditional Agriculture in Parts of Southwestern Nigeria|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286620067|journal=The Bioscientist|volume=1|issue=2|pages=171–181|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> |
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<references/> |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* [http://www.prota.org/uk/About+Prota/ Plant Resources of Tropical Africa] |
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* [http://database.prota.org/search.htm PROTAbase] |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q4666721}} |
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[[Category:Abelmoschus|caillei]] |
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{{rosid-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 02:59, 2 November 2024
| Abelmoschus caillei | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | Abelmoschus |
| Species: | A. caillei
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| Binomial name | |
| Abelmoschus caillei | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Abelmoschus caillei, the West African okra, is a plant species in the family Malvaceae. It occurs in humid areas of West and Central Africa,[2] where it is used as a vegetable.[3] It originated as an allopolyploid hybrid of Abelmoschus esculentus and A. manihot, and is often mistaken for either of those two plants.[1] It was officially described elevated to the status of a species in 1988.[4] The same hybrid was produced experimentally in Japan where it is known as Abelmoschus glutino-textile.[citation needed]
Description
[edit]Abelmoschus caillei occurs as an erect and stout herb that is often woody at the base. Its flowers are axillary, with their petals yellow to pink.[1] The plant is typically 60-65 inches tall (though it may reach 85 inches).[5] The stems may be green, red, or green with some red pigmentation.[4] The seeds are typically ovoid to oblong in shape, about 3-5 inches long, and may have a rough surface.[4][5] The leaves are green and lobed, while petioles are typically purple.[5]
Uses
[edit]Abelmoschus caillei is consumed as a vegetable in a variety of ways, with young leaves being consumed as spinach and young fruits being consumed after being cooked or fried. Its edibility combined with its resistance to Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus allows the plant to be commonly cultivated in subsistence farming in high rainfall areas of West Africa.[6] Its leaves can also be used as cattle feed.[1]
Intensive contact with the fruit and plant may cause skin irritation.[7]
In Nigeria, the plant is used medicinally for sore throats and child bearing, as well as to make certain household items like rope and sponges.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Umberto Quattrocchi (2016). CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (reprint ed.). CRC Press. p. 1. ISBN 9781482250640.
- ^ G. J. H. Grubben, ed. (2004). Vegetables. Plant resources of tropical Africa. Vol. 2. PROTA. p. 26. ISBN 9789057821479.
- ^ Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
- ^ a b c "Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter - Morphological characterization of two species of Abelmoschus: Abelmoschus esculentus and Abelmoschus caillei". www.bioversityinternational.org. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ a b c AdeOluwa, O.O.; Kehinde, O.B. (2011). "Genetic Variability Studies in West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei)" (PDF). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. doi:10.5251/abjna.2011.2.10.1326.1335 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ K. V. Peter (2007). Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops. Vol. 2. New India Publishing. p. 216. ISBN 9788189422691.
- ^ "Abelmoschus caillei - Useful Tropical Plants". tropical.theferns.info. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ Osawaru, M.E.; Ogwu, M.C. (September 2013). "Collecting West African Okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevel) Germplasm from Traditional Agriculture in Parts of Southwestern Nigeria". The Bioscientist. 1 (2): 171–181 – via ResearchGate.