Ophiopogon japonicus: Difference between revisions

Ophiopogon japonicus
	Fruit, close-up
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Asparagaceae
Subfamily:	Nolinoideae
Genus:	Ophiopogon
Species:	O. japonicus
Binomial name
	Ophiopogon japonicus; (Thunb.) Ker Gawl.

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Ophiopogon japonicus (dwarf lilyturf,^[1] mondograss, fountainplant, monkeygrass; Japanese: リュウノヒゲ ryu-no-hige ("dragon's beard") or ジャノヒゲ ja-no-hige ("snake's beard") is a species of Ophiopogon native to China, India, Japan, Nepal, and Vietnam.

Description

The fountainplant is an evergreen, sod-forming perennial plant. The leaves are linear, 20–40 cm long. The flowers are white through pale lilac, borne in a short raceme on a 5- to 1-cm stem. The fruit is a blue berry, 5 mm in diameter.^[2] Underground, this species has large stolons with tuberous roots.^[3]

Cultivation

It is grown as an ornamental plant, providing excellent groundcover. Several cultivars have been selected, including 'Albus' (white flowers), 'Compactus' and 'Kyoto Dwarf' (dwarf forms, not over 4–5 cm tall), and 'Silver Mist' (variegated, with white-striped leaves). It is often sold as a decorative plant for freshwater aquaria, but because it is not a true aquatic plant, it can only live for a few months underwater before it dies. While hardy to temperatures of about – 20°C when dormant in winter outdoors in normal soil, when kept fully submerged, it requires water temperatures of 18–25°C. It grows well in full sun or partial shade. Propagation is from side shoots.^[2]^[4]

Traditional uses

In traditional Chinese medicine, both O. japonicus plants and tubers are known as mai men dong (Chinese: 麥門冬). Tubers are used as the cardinal herb for yin deficiency. According to the "Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica", the herb is sweet, slightly bitter, and slightly cold; enters the heart, lung, and stomach channels; nourishes the yin of the stomach, spleen, heart, and lungs; and clears heat and quiets irritability. Liriope spicata is used as a substitute.^[5]

Gallery

Habit, in fruit
Ornamentation
Brush
Silver Dragon

References

^ NRCS. "Ophiopogon japonicus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
^ Brown, D., (1995) "The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of herbs and their uses". ISBN 1-4053-0059-0
^ Hiscock, P. (2003). Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants. Interpret Press.
^ Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Third Edition by Daniel Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger and Andrew Gamble. Eastland Press, 2004

[1] NRCS. "Ophiopogon japonicus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 July 2015.

[rhs-2] Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.

[3] Brown, D., (1995) "The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of herbs and their uses". ISBN 1-4053-0059-0

[4] Hiscock, P. (2003). Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants. Interpret Press.

[5] Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Third Edition by Daniel Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger and Andrew Gamble. Eastland Press, 2004

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of grass}}
 {{Speciesbox
 |taxon = Ophiopogon japonicus
-|image = Ophiopogon japonicus2.jpg
+|image = Ophiopogon japonicus (fruits).jpg
 |image_caption = Fruit, close-up
-|authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus the Younger|L.f.]]) [[John Bellenden Ker Gawler|Ker Gawl.]]
+|authority =  ([[Thunb.]]) [[John Bellenden Ker Gawler|Ker Gawl.]]
 }}
-'''''Ophiopogon japonicus''''' ('''Mondo grass''', '''Fountain plant''', '''monkey grass'''; {{lang-ja|リュウノヒゲ ryu-no-hige}} ("dragon's beard") or ジャノヒゲ ''ja-no-hige'' ("snake's beard") is a species of ''[[Ophiopogon]]'' native to [[Japan]].
+'''''Ophiopogon japonicus''''' ('''dwarf lilyturf''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=OPJA|taxon=Ophiopogon japonicus|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> '''mondograss''', '''fountainplant''', '''monkeygrass'''; {{langx|ja|リュウノヒゲ }} ''ryu-no-hige'' ("dragon's beard") or ジャノヒゲ ''ja-no-hige'' ("snake's beard") is a species of ''[[Ophiopogon]]'' native to China, India, Japan, Nepal, and Vietnam.
-==Growth==
+==Description==
-It is an [[evergreen]], [[sod-forming]] [[perennial plant]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are linear, 20–40&nbsp;cm long. The [[flower]]s are white to pale lilac, borne in a short [[raceme]] on a 5–10&nbsp;cm stem. The [[fruit]] is a blue [[berry]] 5&nbsp;mm diameter.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref>  The roots are large stolens with tuberous roots.<ref>Brown, D., (1995) "The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of herbs and their uses". ISBN 1-4053-0059-0</ref>
+The fountainplant is an [[evergreen]], [[sod-forming]] [[perennial plant]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are linear, 20–40&nbsp;cm long. The [[flower]]s are white through pale lilac, borne in a short [[raceme]] on a 5- to 1-cm stem. The [[fruit]] is a blue [[Berry (botany)|berry]], 5&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref>  Underground, this species has large [[stolon]]s with [[tuber|tuberous roots]].<ref>Brown, D., (1995) "The Royal Horticultural Society encyclopedia of herbs and their uses". {{ISBN|1-4053-0059-0}}</ref>
+==Cultivation==
+It is grown as an [[ornamental plant]], providing excellent [[groundcover]]. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected, including 'Albus' (white flowers), 'Compactus' and 'Kyoto Dwarf' (dwarf forms, not over 4–5&nbsp;cm tall), and 'Silver Mist' (variegated, with white-striped leaves). It is often sold as a decorative plant for freshwater [[aquarium|aquaria]], but because it is not a true [[aquatic plant]], it can only live for a few months underwater before it dies. While hardy to temperatures of about –{{Nbsp}}20°C when dormant in winter outdoors in normal soil, when kept fully submerged, it requires water temperatures of 18–25°C. It grows well in full sun or partial shade. Propagation is from side shoots.<ref name=rhs/><ref>Hiscock, P. (2003). ''Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants''. Interpret Press.</ref>
 ==Traditional uses==
-In [[Chinese medicine]] ''Ophiopogon japonicus'' [[tuber]], known as ''mai men dong'' ({{zh|c=麥門冬}}), is the cardinal herb for [[Yin and yang|yin]] deficiency.  According to the Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, the herb is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly cold, enters the heart, lung and stomach channels and nourishes the yin of the stomach, spleen, heart and lungs and clears heat and quiets irritability.  It is believed to be useful for hacking dry coughs, dry tongue and mouth and constipation. [[Liriope spicata]] is used as a substitute.<ref>Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica  Third Edition by Daniel Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger and Andrew Gamble. Eastland Press, 2004</ref>
+In [[traditional Chinese medicine]], both ''O. japonicus'' plants and [[tuber]]s are known as ''mai men dong'' ({{zh|c=麥門冬}}). Tubers are used as the cardinal herb for [[Yin and yang|yin]] deficiency.  According to the "Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica", the herb is sweet, slightly bitter, and slightly cold; enters the heart, lung, and stomach channels; nourishes the yin of the stomach, spleen, heart, and lungs; and clears heat and quiets irritability. ''[[Liriope spicata]]'' is used as a substitute.<ref>Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica  Third Edition by Daniel Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger and Andrew Gamble. Eastland Press, 2004</ref>
-==Characteristics==
-It is also grown as an [[ornamental plant]], providing an excellent [[groundcover]]. Several [[cultivar]]s have been selected, including 'Albus' (white flowers), 'Compactus' and 'Kyoto Dwarf' (dwarf forms, not over 4–5&nbsp;cm tall), and 'Silver Mist' (variegated, with white-striped leaves). It is often sold as a decorative plant for freshwater [[aquarium|aquaria]], but because it is not a true [[aquatic plant]], it may flourish for a few months and then die. While hardy to temperatures of about -20 °C when dormant in winter outdoors in normal soil, when kept fully submerged it requires water temperatures of 18-25 °C. It grows well in full sun or partial shade. Propagation is from side shoots.<ref name=rhs/><ref>Hiscock, P. (2003). ''Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants''. Interpret Press.</ref>
 ==Gallery==
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
-{{commons|Ophiopogon japonicus}}
+{{commonscat|Ophiopogon japonicus|position=left}}
 <!---as garden common name use only--->
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q537448}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ophiopogon Japonicus}}
-[[Category:Nolinoideae]]
+[[Category:Ophiopogon|j]]
 [[Category:Flora of Japan]]
 [[Category:Medicinal plants]]
-[[Category:Plants used in Traditional Chinese medicine]]
+[[Category:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine]]
 [[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
 [[Category:Groundcovers]]
-[[Category:Grasses]]
+[[Category:Grasses of China]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Peter Thunberg]]
-[[az:Yapon ofiopoqonu]]
-[[es:Ophiopogon japonicus]]
-[[fr:Muguet du Japon]]
-[[ja:ジャノヒゲ]]
-[[pt:Ophiopogon japonicus]]
-[[vi:Mạch môn]]