Republic of New Granada: Difference between revisions

Republic of New Granada
*República de la Nueva Granada* (Spanish)
Republic of New Granada República de la Nueva Granada (Spanish)
1831–1858
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: Libertad y Orden ; (English: Liberty and Order)
	Republic of New Granada
Capital	Santa Fé de Bogotá
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)	New Granadian; Granadine;
Government	Presidential republic
President
• 1831	Domingo Caycedo
• 1857–1858	Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
History
• Established	20 October 1831
• Bill of rights1	1853
• Constitutional Change	11 April 1858
Area
• Total	1,331,250 km2 (514,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1851	2,243,730
Currency	Peso
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Gran Colombia
Granadine Confederation
	1 Abolition of slavery, and suffrage to all males over 21.

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The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.

History

The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.

In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the War of the Supremes, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.

In 1851 a Civil war took place, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President José Hilario López, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Julio Arboleda, Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery, in addition to a number of religious issues.

In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was another civil war under the dictatorship of General José María Melo. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a new three-year civil war in 1860. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the Granadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.

Provinces

The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.

The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.

Sources

4°39′N 74°3′W / 4.650°N 74.050°W / 4.650; -74.050

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|1831–1858 state in South America}}
-{{unreferenced|date=January 2014}}
+{{No footnotes|date=May 2024}}
-{{Infobox Former Country
+{{Infobox country
-|native_name = República de la Nueva Granada
+| native_name       = {{native name|es|República de la Nueva Granada}}
-|conventional_long_name = Republic of New Granada
-|common_name = New Granada
+| conventional_long_name= Republic of New Granada
+| common_name       = New Granada
-|s1 = Granadine Confederation
+| s1                = Granadine Confederation
-|p1 = Greater Colombia
+| p1                = Gran Colombia
-|flag_s1 = Flag of New Granada.svg
+| flag_s1           = Flag of New Granada.svg
-|flag_p1 =Flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia_(1819-1820).svg
+| flag_p1           = Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg
-|continent = South America
+| government_type   = Presidential republic
-|country            = Colombia, Panama
+| title_leader      = [[President of Colombia|President]]
-|government_type    = Presidential republic
+|leader1 = [[Domingo Caycedo]]
-|event_start        =
-|year_start         = 1831
+|year_leader1 = 1831
+|leader2 = [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]]
-|date_start         = October 20
+|year_leader2 = 1857–1858
-|event_end          = Constitutional Change
-|year_end           = 1858
+| event_start       =
-|date_end           = April 11
+| year_start        = 1831
-|event1             = [[Bill of rights]]&sup1;
+| date_start        = 20 October
-|date_event1        = 1853
+| event_end         = Constitutional Change
-|flag               = Flag of Colombia
+| year_end          = 1858
-|image_flag         = Flag of New Granada.svg
+| date_end          = 11 April
-|symbol             = Coat of arms of Colombia
+| event1            = [[Bill of rights]]<sup>1</sup>
+| date_event1       = 1853
-|image_coat         = Coat of arms of New Granada.svg
-|image_map          = New Granada (orthographic projection).svg
+| flag              = Flag of Colombia
-|image_map_caption  = Republic of the New Granada
+| image_flag        = Flag of New Granada.svg
-|capital            = [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]]
+| symbol            = Coat of arms of Colombia
+| image_coat        = Coat of arms of New Granada.svg
-|national_motto     = ''{{lang|es|Libertad y Orden}}'' <br/> ({{lang-en|Liberty and Order}})
+| image_map         = New Granada (orthographic projection).svg
-|religion           = Roman Catholic
+| image_map_caption = Republic of New Granada
-|currency           = [[Colombian Peso|Peso]]
+| capital           = [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]]
-|today              = {{flag|Brazil}} <br /> {{flag|Colombia}}<br /> {{flag|Costa Rica}} <br /> {{flag|Ecuador}} <br /> {{flag|Nicaragua}} <br /> {{flag|Panama}}<br /> {{flag|Peru}} <br /> {{flag|Venezuela}}
+| national_motto    = {{lang|es|Libertad y Orden}} <br/> ({{langx|en|Liberty and Order}})
-|footnotes = &sup1; [[Abolitionism|Abolition]] of [[slavery]], and [[suffrage]] to all males over 21.
+| religion          = [[Roman Catholicism]]
+| currency          = [[Colombian Peso|Peso]]
+| footnotes         = <sup>1</sup> [[Abolitionism|Abolition]] of [[slavery]], and [[suffrage]] to all males over 21.
+| demonym           = {{hlist|New Granadian|Granadine}}
+| area_km2          = 1,331,250
+| stat_year1        = 1851
+| stat_pop1         = 2,243,730
 }}
+{{History of Colombia}}
-The '''Republic of New Granada''' was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day [[Colombia]] and [[Panama]] with smaller portions of today's [[Ecuador]], and [[Venezuela]]. It was created after the dissolution in 1830 of [[Gran Colombia]]. The Republic was established after the dissolution of the Republic of Colombia (Great Colombia) with secession of Ecuador (Quito, Guayaquil and Azuay) and Venezuela (with Orinoco, Apure and Zulia) and was formed by the departments of  Boyaca, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena and  Istmo, all in the current Republic of Colombia (except Istmo that is the current Panama). On November 1831 those departments created the Republic of Nueva Granada, but nothing was established about symbols. Old symbols were confirmed provisional by the National Convention of 17 December 1831. It is not clear what flag it was: Restrepo believes that it is the flag with two cornucopias of Great Colombia. While new symbols were discussed some proposals were issued. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Great Colombian colors in Veles arrangement. Merchant ensign has the eighpointed star in white. In 1851 a new civil war broke out when conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia, led by Manuel Ibánez, Julio Arboleda and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, trying to stop the process of freeing the slaves, and in addition to a number of religious issues.
-Jaume Ollé, 20 October 2001
+The '''Republic of New Granada''' was a [[Centralism|centralist]] [[unitary republic]] consisting primarily of present-day [[Colombia]] and [[Panama]] with smaller portions of today's [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]],  [[Venezuela]], [[Peru]] and [[Brazil]] that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of [[Great Colombia]] in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the [[Granadine Confederation]].
-==Colombian Constitution of 1832==
+On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the [[Gran Colombia]]n colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
+== History ==
-One of the prime features of the political climate of the republic was the position of the Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states. In 1839, dispute arose over the shutting down of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the [[War of the Supremes]], which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy.
+The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.
-New Granada was transformed in 1858 to the [[Granadine Confederation]] as an answer to demands for a decentralized country.
+In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the [[War of the Supremes]], which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.
+In 1851 a [[Colombian Civil War of 1851|Civil war took place]], which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President [[José Hilario López]], which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty.
+As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by [[Julio Arboleda]], Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president [[José Hilario López]], in an attempt to prevent [[emancipation]] of disenfranchised groups and abolition of [[slavery]], in addition to a number of religious issues.
+In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was [[Colombian Civil War of 1854|another civil war]] under the dictatorship of General [[José María Melo]]. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]] sparked a new [[Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)|three-year civil war in 1860]]. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the [[Granadine Confederation]] in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.
 ==Provinces==
 {{main|Provinces of the Republic of New Granada}}
+The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.
+The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.
-The territory of the Republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts parish.
-Likewise, the Republic covered some territories in the peripheries of the country.
 ==See also==
-*[[Colombia]]
+*[[Gran Colombia]]
+== Sources ==
+* [https://iemarcofidelsuarezpasto.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/GUIA-9-COLOMBIA-1830-%E2%80%93-1858.-CICLO-4-SOC.-DANILO.pdf INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA MUNICIPAL MARCO FIDEL SUAREZ]
+* [https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/4/1972/56.pdf UNAM]
+* [http://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoColombie1902.htm Histoire de la Colombie de 1831 à 1861]
+* [https://www.ecured.cu/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Nueva_Granada Ecured]
 {{Colombia topics}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{coord|4|39|N|74|3|W|source:eswiki_region:CO_type:country|display=title}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:New Granada, Republic of}}
-[[Category:Republic of New Granada|* ]]
+[[Category:Republic of New Granada| ]]
 [[Category:1831 establishments in the Republic of New Granada]]
 [[Category:1858 disestablishments in the Republic of New Granada]]
+[[Category:States and territories established in 1831]]
+[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1858]]
-{{Colombia-geo-stub}}
-{{SouthAm-hist-stub}}

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	Germany United States