Republic of New Granada: Difference between revisions

Republic of New Granada
*República de la Nueva Granada* (Spanish)
Republic of New Granada República de la Nueva Granada (Spanish)
1831–1858
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: Libertad y Orden ; (English: Liberty and Order)
	Republic of New Granada
Capital	Santa Fé de Bogotá
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)	New Granadian; Granadine;
Government	Presidential republic
President
• 1831	Domingo Caycedo
• 1857–1858	Mariano Ospina Rodríguez
History
• Established	20 October 1831
• Bill of rights1	1853
• Constitutional Change	11 April 1858
Area
• Total	1,331,250 km2 (514,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1851	2,243,730
Currency	Peso
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Gran Colombia
Granadine Confederation
	1 Abolition of slavery, and suffrage to all males over 21.

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The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.

History

The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.

In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the War of the Supremes, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.

In 1851 a Civil war took place, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President José Hilario López, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Julio Arboleda, Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery, in addition to a number of religious issues.

In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was another civil war under the dictatorship of General José María Melo. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a new three-year civil war in 1860. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the Granadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.

Provinces

The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.

The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.

Sources

4°39′N 74°3′W / 4.650°N 74.050°W / 4.650; -74.050

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|1831–1858 state in South America}}
-{{unreferenced|date=January 2014}}
+{{No footnotes|date=May 2024}}
 {{Infobox country
-| native_name                = ''República de Nueva Granada'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]])
+| native_name       = {{native name|es|República de la Nueva Granada}}
-| conventional_long_name                = Republic of New Granada
+| conventional_long_name= Republic of New Granada
-| common_name                = New Granada
+| common_name       = New Granada
 | s1                = Granadine Confederation
 | p1                = Gran Colombia
-| flag_s1                = Flag of New Granada.svg
+| flag_s1           = Flag of New Granada.svg
-| flag_p1                = Flag_of_the_Gran_Colombia_(1819-1820).svg
+| flag_p1           = Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg
-| government_type                = Presidential republic
+| government_type   = Presidential republic
+| title_leader      = [[President of Colombia|President]]
-| event_start                =
+|leader1 = [[Domingo Caycedo]]
-| year_start                = 1831
+|year_leader1 = 1831
-| date_start                = 20 October
+|leader2 = [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]]
-| event_end                = Constitutional Change
+|year_leader2 = 1857–1858
-| year_end                = 1858
-| date_end                = 11 April
+| event_start       =
-| event1                = [[Bill of rights]]<sup>1</sup>
+| year_start        = 1831
-| date_event1                = 1853
+| date_start        = 20 October
-| flag                = Flag of Colombia
+| event_end         = Constitutional Change
-| image_flag                = Flag of New Granada.svg
+| year_end          = 1858
-| symbol                = Coat of arms of Colombia
+| date_end          = 11 April
-| image_coat                = Coat of arms of New Granada.svg
+| event1            = [[Bill of rights]]<sup>1</sup>
+| date_event1       = 1853
-| image_map                = New Granada (orthographic projection).svg
-| image_map_caption                = Republic of New Granada
+| flag              = Flag of Colombia
-| capital                = [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]]
+| image_flag        = Flag of New Granada.svg
+| symbol            = Coat of arms of Colombia
-| national_motto                = ''{{lang|es|Libertad y Orden}}'' <br/> ({{lang-en|Liberty and Order}})
-| religion                = Roman Catholic
+| image_coat        = Coat of arms of New Granada.svg
+| image_map         = New Granada (orthographic projection).svg
-| currency                = [[Colombian Peso|Peso]]
+| image_map_caption = Republic of New Granada
-| footnotes                = <sup>1</sup> [[Abolitionism|Abolition]] of [[slavery]], and [[suffrage]] to all males over 21.
-| demonym                = New Granadian
+| capital           = [[Bogotá|Santa Fé de Bogotá]]
+| national_motto    = {{lang|es|Libertad y Orden}} <br/> ({{langx|en|Liberty and Order}})
-| area_km2                =
-| area_rank                =
+| religion          = [[Roman Catholicism]]
-| GDP_PPP                =
+| currency          = [[Colombian Peso|Peso]]
+| footnotes         = <sup>1</sup> [[Abolitionism|Abolition]] of [[slavery]], and [[suffrage]] to all males over 21.
-| GDP_PPP_year                =
-| HDI                =
+| demonym           = {{hlist|New Granadian|Granadine}}
-| HDI_year                =
+| area_km2          = 1,331,250
-| today                =
+| stat_year1        = 1851
+| stat_pop1         = 2,243,730
 }}
+{{History of Colombia}}
-The '''Republic of New Granada''' was a [[centralism|centralist]] [[unitary republic]] consisting primarily of present-day [[Colombia]] and [[Panama]] with smaller portions of today's [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]],  [[Venezuela]], [[Peru]], and [[Brazil]]. It was created after the dissolution of [[Gran Colombia]] in 1830, with the secession of [[Ecuador]] (Quito, Guayaquil and Azuay) and [[Venezuela]] (with Orinoco, Apure and Zulia). In November 1831, with the adoption a new constitution, the country was officially renamed ''New Granada'', but had no official currency, iconography, coat of arms or flag upon establishment. Older flags of Gran Colombia were confirmed as provisional by the National Convention of 17 December 1831. It is not clear which flag was chosen: [[Carlos Eugenio Restrepo|Restrepo]] believes that it was the flag with the two cornucopias of Gran Colombia. While new flags were being discussed, some proposals were issued. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colors in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
+The '''Republic of New Granada''' was a [[Centralism|centralist]] [[unitary republic]] consisting primarily of present-day [[Colombia]] and [[Panama]] with smaller portions of today's [[Costa Rica]], [[Ecuador]],  [[Venezuela]], [[Peru]] and [[Brazil]] that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of [[Great Colombia]] in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the [[Granadine Confederation]].
-In 1851, a civil war broke out when conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by [[Manuel Ibánez]], [[Julio Arboleda]], and [[Eusebio Borrero]], revolted against liberal president [[José Hilario López]], in an attempt to prevent [[emancipation]] of disenfranchised groups and abolishment of [[slavery]], in addition to a number of religious issues.
+On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the [[Gran Colombia]]n colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
+== History ==
-==Colombian constitution of 1832==
-One of the prime features of the political climate of the republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states. In 1839, a dispute arose over the shutting down of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the [[War of the Supremes]], which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy.
+The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.
-New Granada was transformed in 1858 to the [[Granadine Confederation]] as an answer to demands for a decentralized country.
+In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the [[War of the Supremes]], which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.
+In 1851 a [[Colombian Civil War of 1851|Civil war took place]], which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President [[José Hilario López]], which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty.
+As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by [[Julio Arboleda]], Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president [[José Hilario López]], in an attempt to prevent [[emancipation]] of disenfranchised groups and abolition of [[slavery]], in addition to a number of religious issues.
+In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was [[Colombian Civil War of 1854|another civil war]] under the dictatorship of General [[José María Melo]]. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera]] sparked a new [[Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)|three-year civil war in 1860]]. After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the [[Granadine Confederation]] in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.
 ==Provinces==
 {{main|Provinces of the Republic of New Granada}}
 The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.
-The republic also included some territories in the peripheries of the country.
+The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.
 ==See also==
-*[[Colombia]]
+*[[Gran Colombia]]
+== Sources ==
+* [https://iemarcofidelsuarezpasto.edu.co/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/GUIA-9-COLOMBIA-1830-%E2%80%93-1858.-CICLO-4-SOC.-DANILO.pdf INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA MUNICIPAL MARCO FIDEL SUAREZ]
+* [https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/4/1972/56.pdf UNAM]
+* [http://www.cosmovisions.com/ChronoColombie1902.htm Histoire de la Colombie de 1831 à 1861]
+* [https://www.ecured.cu/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Nueva_Granada Ecured]
 {{Colombia topics}}

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