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Coordinates: 23°53′32″S 32°17′8″E / 23.89222°S 32.28556°E / -23.89222; 32.28556
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{{Infobox river
{{Geobox|River
| name = Shingwedzi River
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| native_name = {{native name list |tag1=ts|name1=Xingwedzi |tag2=ts|name2=shingwedzi |tag3=ve|name3=Tshingwedzi}}
| name = Shingwedzi River
| name_other = Shingwedzirivier, Rio Singuédzi
| native_name = Xingwidzi or Tshingwedzi
| name_etymology = Different meanings in the [[Venda language]], among them "place of hard rock" and "dryness of area"<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }}</ref>
| other_name =Shingwedzirivier, Rio Singuédzi
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| category =
| image = KNP - Shingwedzi River - 001.jpg
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| image_size =
| etymology =Different meanings in the [[Venda language]], among them "place of hard rock" and "dryness of area"<ref>[http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf Transvaal Indigenous Place Names]</ref>
| image_caption = The dry bed of the Shingwedzi River in the [[Kruger National Park]]
| nickname =
| map =
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| map_size =
| image = KNP - Shingwedzi River - 001.jpg
| map_caption =
| image_caption = The dry bed of the Shingwedzi River in the [[Kruger National Park]]
| pushpin_map = South Africa
| image_size =
| pushpin_map_size =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Shingwedzi River mouth
| country = [[South Africa]] and [[Mozambique]]
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| state =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| region = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] and [[Gaza Province|Gaza]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa]] and [[Mozambique]]
|region_type =Provinces
| district =
| subdivision_type2 =
| municipality =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Provinces
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| subdivision_name3 = [[Limpopo Province|Limpopo]] and [[Gaza Province|Gaza]]
| parent =
| subdivision_type4 =
| tributary_left =
| tributary_right =
| subdivision_name4 =
| city =
| subdivision_type5 =
| landmark =
| subdivision_name5 =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
<!-- *** River locations *** -->
| length =
| source = ESE of [[Thohoyandou]]
| width_min =
| source_location = near Mtititi| source_region = Limpopo Province| source_country =South Africa
| width_avg =
| source_elevation = 480
| width_max =
| source_lat_d = | source_lat_m = | source_lat_s = | source_lat_NS =
| depth_min =
| source_long_d = | source_long_m = | source_long_s = | source_long_EW =
| source1 =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
| discharge1_location=
| source1_elevation =
| discharge1_min =
| source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
| discharge1_avg =
| source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
| source_confluence =
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
| source1 = ESE of [[Thohoyandou]]
| source_confluence_elevation =
| source1_location = near Mtititi, [[Limpopo Province]], [[South Africa]]
| source_confluence_lat_d = | source_confluence_lat_m = | source_confluence_lat_s = | source_confluence_lat_NS =
| source1_coordinates=
| source_confluence_long_d = | source_confluence_long_m = | source_confluence_long_s = | source_confluence_long_EW =
| source1_elevation = {{convert|480|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Olifants River (Limpopo)]]
| mouth = [[Olifants River (Limpopo)]]
| mouth_location = Gaza Province| mouth_region = | mouth_country =Mozambique
| mouth_location = [[Gaza Province]], [[Mozambique]]
| mouth_elevation = 86
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|23|53|32|S|32|17|8|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_lat_d = 23| mouth_lat_m = 53| mouth_lat_s = 32| mouth_lat_NS =S
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|86|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_long_d = 32| mouth_long_m = 17| mouth_long_s =8 | mouth_long_EW =E
| progression =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| river_system =
| length =
| basin_size = {{convert|5301|km2|abbr=on}}
| width =
| depth =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| volume =
| custom_label =
| watershed = 5301
| discharge =
| custom_data =
| discharge_max =
| extra =
| discharge_min =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = | free_type =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = South Africa physical map.svg
| map_caption = Location of the Shingwedzi River mouth
| map_background =
| map_locator = South Africa
| map_locator_x =
| map_locator_y =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website =
| commons =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Shingwedzi River''', ({{lang-ve|Tshingwedzi}}; {{lang-ts|Xingwidzi}}; {{lang-af|Shingwedzirivier}}; {{lang-pt|Rio Singuédzi}}) is a river in [[Limpopo Province]], [[South Africa]] and [[Gaza Province]], [[Mozambique]]. It is a left hand tributary of the [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Olifants River]] and the northernmost river of its basin,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|accessdate=2009-02-19}}</ref> joining it at the lower end of its basin. The Shingwedzi is a seasonal river whose riverbed is dry for prolonged periods.<ref>[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]</ref>
The '''Shingwedzi River''' ({{langx|ve|Tshingwedzi}}; {{langx|ts|Xingwedzi/shingwedzi}}; {{langx|af|Shingwedzirivier}}; {{langx|pt|Rio Singuédzi}}) is a river in [[Limpopo Province]], [[South Africa]], and [[Gaza Province]], [[Mozambique]]. It is a left hand tributary of the [[Olifants River (Limpopo)|Olifants River]] ''(Rio dos Elefantes)'' and the northernmost river of its catchment area,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|access-date=2009-02-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|archive-date=2007-07-03}}</ref> joining it at the lower end of its basin. The Shingwedzi is a seasonal river whose riverbed is dry for prolonged periods.<ref name=":0">[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]</ref>

==Course==
==Course==
The Shingwedzi River drains the plain southeast of the [[Soutpansberg]].<ref>[http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area]</ref> Its sources are about 40 km to the ESE of [[Thohoyandou]]. It flows eastwards across the [[lowveld]] and enters the area of the [[Kruger National Park]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]</ref>
The Shingwedzi River drains the plain southeast of the [[Soutpansberg]].<ref>[http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/Environmental_Management_Framework_Report_6.pdf Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area]</ref> Its sources are about 40&nbsp;km to the ESE of [[Thohoyandou]] and about 20&nbsp;km west of the town of Malamulele, in the Mulamula area. It flows eastwards across the [[lowveld]] and enters the area of the [[Kruger National Park]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA2LuvuvuLethaba.jpg Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2]</ref>


The main rivers of the Shingwedzi basin are the [[Mphongolo River]], [[Phugwane River]], [[Gole River]], [[Shisha River]], [[Bububu River]] and the [[Zombo River]].<ref>[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal]</ref>
The main rivers of the Shingwedzi basin are the [[Mandzoro River]], [[Mphongolo River]], [[Phugwane River]], [[Gole River]], [[Shisha River]], [[Tshamidzi River]], [[Bububu River]] and the [[Dzombo River]].<ref>[http://www.thekruger.com/krugerrivers.htm Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal]</ref>


Two dams on the river are located within the Kruger National Park, the Kanniedood Dam and the Sirheni Dam,<ref>[http://www.intechopen.com/books/water-pollution/the-vulnerability-of-the-shingwedzi-river-a-non-perennial-river-in-a-water-stressed-rural-area-of-th The Vulnerability of the Shingwedzi River, a Non-Perennial River in a Water Stressed Rural Area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa]</ref> The [[Makuleke Dam]] is in the Mphongolo River.
Two dams on the river are located within the Kruger National Park near the [[Shingwedzi|Shingwedzi rest camp]]; the Kanniedood Dam and the Sirheni Dam.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} The [[Makuleke Dam]] is in the Mphongolo River.
After crossing into Mozambique, the river bends and flows southeastwards. Further downstream the Shingwedzi flows close to the northeastern side of the [[Massingir Dam]]'s reservoir and joins the Olifants about 12 km down river from the dam wall.<ref>[http://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/conservation/scientific/noticeboard/science_network_meeting_2009/Presentations/vlok.pdf Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?]</ref>
After crossing into Mozambique, the river bends and flows southeastwards. Further downstream the Shingwedzi flows close to the northeastern side of the [[Massingir Dam]]'s reservoir and joins the Olifants about 12&nbsp;km down river from the dam wall.<ref name=":0" />


This river is a good place for observing large herds of [[African elephant]]s, herds of 50 to 60 individuals being common in its basin.<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Lodging_&_Camping_Guide-travel/shingwedzi-camp.html Shingwedzi Rest Camp - Kruger National Park - SANParks]</ref>
This river is a good place for observing large herds of [[African bush elephant]]s, herds of 50 to 60 individuals being common in its basin.<ref>[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/Kruger_National_Park_Lodging_&_Camping_Guide-travel/shingwedzi-camp.html Shingwedzi Rest Camp - Kruger National Park - SANParks]</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx The Olifants River Basin, South Africa]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120306135413/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Benchmark_Basins/Olifants.aspx The Olifants River Basin, South Africa]
*[http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html The Olifants River System]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html The Olifants River System]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120610212125/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf The Olifants River]
*[http://www.panoramio.com/photo/62537126 Elephants bathing in the Shingwedzi River]

*[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/School/oLIFANTS%20COVER.pdf The Olifants River]
*[http://www.limpopo-tp.net/ The Limpopo Transboundary Programme]
[[Category:Olifants River (Limpopo)]]
[[Category:Olifants River (Limpopo)]]
[[Category:Gaza Province]]
[[Category:Geography of Gaza Province]]
[[Category:Rivers of Limpopo]]
{{Limpopo-geo-stub}}
{{Mozambique-geo-stub}}
[[pt:Rio Shingwidzi]]

Latest revision as of 08:03, 2 November 2024

Shingwedzi River
Shingwedzirivier, Rio Singuédzi
The dry bed of the Shingwedzi River in the Kruger National Park
Shingwedzi River is located in South Africa
Shingwedzi River
Location of the Shingwedzi River mouth
EtymologyDifferent meanings in the Venda language, among them "place of hard rock" and "dryness of area"[1]
Native name
Location
CountrySouth Africa and Mozambique
ProvincesLimpopo and Gaza
Physical characteristics
SourceESE of Thohoyandou
 • locationnear Mtititi, Limpopo Province, South Africa
 • elevation480 m (1,570 ft)
MouthOlifants River (Limpopo)
 • location
Gaza Province, Mozambique
 • coordinates
23°53′32″S 32°17′8″E / 23.89222°S 32.28556°E / -23.89222; 32.28556
 • elevation
86 m (282 ft)
Basin size5,301 km2 (2,047 sq mi)

The Shingwedzi River (Venda: Tshingwedzi; Tsonga: Xingwedzi/shingwedzi; Afrikaans: Shingwedzirivier; Portuguese: Rio Singuédzi) is a river in Limpopo Province, South Africa, and Gaza Province, Mozambique. It is a left hand tributary of the Olifants River (Rio dos Elefantes) and the northernmost river of its catchment area,[2] joining it at the lower end of its basin. The Shingwedzi is a seasonal river whose riverbed is dry for prolonged periods.[3]

Course

[edit]

The Shingwedzi River drains the plain southeast of the Soutpansberg.[4] Its sources are about 40 km to the ESE of Thohoyandou and about 20 km west of the town of Malamulele, in the Mulamula area. It flows eastwards across the lowveld and enters the area of the Kruger National Park.[5]

The main rivers of the Shingwedzi basin are the Mandzoro River, Mphongolo River, Phugwane River, Gole River, Shisha River, Tshamidzi River, Bububu River and the Dzombo River.[6]

Two dams on the river are located within the Kruger National Park near the Shingwedzi rest camp; the Kanniedood Dam and the Sirheni Dam.[citation needed] The Makuleke Dam is in the Mphongolo River. After crossing into Mozambique, the river bends and flows southeastwards. Further downstream the Shingwedzi flows close to the northeastern side of the Massingir Dam's reservoir and joins the Olifants about 12 km down river from the dam wall.[3]

This river is a good place for observing large herds of African bush elephants, herds of 50 to 60 individuals being common in its basin.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Transvaal Indigenous Place Names Archived 2008-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System". Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  3. ^ a b Shingwedzi River why is it the most polluted river in the KNP?
  4. ^ Environmental Management Framework for the Olifants and Letaba Rivers Catchment area
  5. ^ Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2
  6. ^ Rivers of the Kruger National Park... Perennial and Seasonal
  7. ^ Shingwedzi Rest Camp - Kruger National Park - SANParks
[edit]
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