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{{Short description|Armenian armed activist}}
{{for|other people called Hagop Hagopian (and other transliterations of the same Armenian name)|Hakob Hakobian (disambiguation){{!}}Hakob Hakobian}}
{{for|other people called Hagop Hagopian (and other transliterations of the same Armenian name)|Hakob Hakobian (disambiguation){{!}}Hakob Hakobian}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Hagop Hagopian <br/> Հակոբ Հակոբյան
| name = Hagop Hagopian
| native_name = Յակոբ Յակոբեան
| image = HHagopianASALAleader.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image = HHagopianASALAleader.jpg
| alt =
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt =
| birth_name =
| caption =
| birth_name = Harutiun Takushian
| birth_date = 1951 <!-- {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| baptism_date =
| birth_date = 1951 <!-- {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place = [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]
| birth_place = [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|04|28|1951}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|04|28|1951}}
| death_place = [[Athens]], [[Greece]]
| death_place = [[Athens]], [[Greece]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
| nationality = [[Armenia]]n
| nationality = [[Armenia]]n
| education =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| years_active =
| known_for = Leader of [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia|ASALA]]
| known_for = Leader of [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia|ASALA]]
| notable_works =
| notable_works =
| party =
| party =
⚫
| signature =
| religion = <!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
⚫
| signature_size =
}}
}}
'''Hagop Hagopian''' (or '''Agop Agopian'''; {{lang-hy|Յակոբ Յակոբեան}}; 1951–28 April 1988) was an [[Armenia]]n activist and terrorist and one of the founders and the main leader of the [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]] (ASALA).
'''Hagop Hagopian''' (or '''Agop Agopian'''; {{langx|hy|Յակոբ Յակոբեան}}; 1951 – 28 April 1988) was one of the founders and the main leader of [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia|ASALA]].


== Life ==
== Life ==
Born in [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]] as Harutiun Takoshian, he took the [[nom de guerre]] Hagop Hagopian,<ref>{{citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RInzgxRX5uEC&pg=PA277&lpg=PA277&dq=Hagop+Hagopian+ASALA&source=bl&ots=-L-6mDaV5x&sig=x7UxOcnl-aQLfTu01_SHBOu-7HM&hl=en&ei=02R-TajYI8jhrAHis7TvBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBzgU#v=onepage&q=Hagop%20Hagopian%20ASALA&f=false | title = Turkey: a modern history | first = Erik Jan | last = Zürcher | author-link= Erik-Jan Zürcher | publisher = IB Tauris | year = 2004 | ISBN = 978-1-86064-958-5 | page = 277}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.geruva.com/cgi-bin/mei/polit.cgi?topic_description=ASALA Middle East Information Resource on ASALA].</ref> and moved to [[Lebanon]], where according to some sources he joined the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].<ref>Harvey W. Kushner. Encyclopedia of terrorism. SAGE, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7619-2408-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7619-2408-1}}, p. 47</ref> In 1975, alongside with writer [[Kevork Ajemian]] and others, and with the support from Palestinian groups, he founded in [[Beirut]] the ASALA.<ref>Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur. Political parties and terrorist groups. Routledge, 2003. {{ISBN|0-415-26871-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-415-26871-4}}, p. 153</ref> As leader of ASALA, he directed attacks and assassinations of Turkish diplomats and their families in various countries of the world.
An [[Iraqi Armenians|Iraqi Armenian]] born in [[Mosul]] as '''Harutiun Takushian''' ({{langx|hy|Յարութիւն Թագուշեան}}), he took the [[nom de guerre]] Hagop Hagopian,<ref>{{citation | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RInzgxRX5uEC&q=Hagop+Hagopian+ASALA&pg=PA277 | title = Turkey: a modern history | first = Erik Jan | last = Zürcher | author-link= Erik-Jan Zürcher | publisher = IB Tauris | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-86064-958-5 | page = 277}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.geruva.com/cgi-bin/mei/polit.cgi?topic_description=ASALA Middle East Information Resource on ASALA].</ref> and moved to [[Lebanon]], where according to some sources he joined the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].<ref>[[Harvey W. Kushner]]. Encyclopedia of terrorism. SAGE, 2002. {{ISBN|0-7619-2408-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7619-2408-1}}, p. 47</ref> In 1975, along with writer [[Kevork Ajemian]] and others, and with the support from Palestinian groups, he founded in [[Beirut]] the ASALA.<ref>Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur. Political parties and terrorist groups. Routledge, 2003. {{ISBN|0-415-26871-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-415-26871-4}}, p. 153</ref> As leader of ASALA, he directed attacks and assassinations of Turkish diplomats and their families in various countries of the world.


{{quote|Many in the leadership of ASALA and JCAG were reported to be highly educated, multilingual individuals. The most notorious was the shadowy figure of Hagop Hagopian, presumed an alias, who led ASALA during most of its active phase.|Historical Dictionary of Armenia, by [[Rouben Paul Adalian]], 2010 - p. 170}}
{{quote|Many in the leadership of ASALA and JCAG were reported to be highly educated, multilingual individuals. The most notorious was the shadowy figure of Hagop Hagopian, presumed an alias, who led ASALA during most of its active phase.|Historical Dictionary of Armenia, by [[Rouben Paul Adalian]], 2010 - p. 170}}
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Hagopian was wanted in France for masterminding the [[1983 Orly Airport attack|Orly Airport attack]] in July 1983.<ref>The Times, April 29, 1988. Elusive rebel is killed in Athens.</ref> This attack resulted in a split in ASALA, with the splinter group ASALA Revolutionary Movement led by [[Monte Melkonian]] condemning "the murderous deviation" of Hagopian.<ref>The Guardian, April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Hagopian.</ref> Hagopian's more militant faction concentrated in the [[Middle East]] and Greece.<ref>Revolutionary and dissident movements: an international guide, by [[Guy Arnold]], 1991, p. 350</ref> In the aftermath of the split, Hagopian executed two of Melkonian's allies within ASALA in retaliation for the assassination of two of Hagopian's closest aides.<ref>Gavin Cameron. Nuclear terrorism: a threat assessment for the 21st century. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. {{ISBN|0-312-21983-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-312-21983-3}}, p. 50</ref>
Hagopian was wanted in France for masterminding the [[1983 Orly Airport attack|Orly Airport attack]] in July 1983.<ref>The Times, April 29, 1988. Elusive rebel is killed in Athens.</ref> This attack resulted in a split in ASALA, with the splinter group ASALA Revolutionary Movement led by [[Monte Melkonian]] condemning "the murderous deviation" of Hagopian.<ref>The Guardian, April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Hagopian.</ref> Hagopian's more militant faction concentrated in the [[Middle East]] and Greece.<ref>Revolutionary and dissident movements: an international guide, by [[Guy Arnold]], 1991, p. 350</ref> In the aftermath of the split, Hagopian executed two of Melkonian's allies within ASALA in retaliation for the assassination of two of Hagopian's closest aides.<ref>Gavin Cameron. Nuclear terrorism: a threat assessment for the 21st century. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. {{ISBN|0-312-21983-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-312-21983-3}}, p. 50</ref>


According to the unidentified U.S. official quoted by ''[[The Washington Post]]'', in the late 1980s ASALA had grown more mercenary due to financial difficulties, and "Hagopian became a gun for hire".<ref name="washingtonpost">{{citation | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73589342.html?dids=73589342:73589342&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Apr+29%2C+1988&author=Philip+Smith&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=a.24&desc=Armenian+Terrorist+Leader+Murdered | title = The Washington Post | date = April 29, 1988 | first = Philip | last = Smith | contribution = Armenian Terrorist Leader Murdered}}.</ref>
According to the unidentified U.S. official quoted by ''[[The Washington Post]]'', in the late 1980s ASALA had grown more mercenary due to financial difficulties, and "Hagopian became a gun for hire".<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Philip |title=Armenian Terrorist Leader Murdered |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/04/29/armenian-terrorist-leader-murdered/f8baca69-4039-4007-a0c2-fe5ace0567fc/ |access-date=13 August 2021 |agency=The Washington Post |date=29 April 1988}}</ref>


== Assassination ==
== Assassination ==

Hagopian was assassinated outside his home in Athens' [[Palaio Faliro]] suburb at 4:30&nbsp;a.m. on 28 April 1988,<ref>"Hagop Hagopian, Legendary Leader of ASALA, Gunned Down in Athens, Greece," The Armenian Reporter, 28 April 1988, p. 1</ref> while he was waiting for a taxi to take him to the airport for a flight to [[Belgrade]]. He was accompanied by his sister-in-law, who was not hurt.
Hagopian was assassinated outside his home in Athens' [[Palaio Faliro]] suburb at 4:30&nbsp;a.m. on 28 April 1988,<ref>"Hagop Hagopian, Legendary Leader of ASALA, Gunned Down in Athens, Greece," The Armenian Reporter, 28 April 1988, p. 1</ref> while he was waiting for a taxi to take him to the airport for a flight to [[Belgrade]]. He was accompanied by his sister-in-law, who was not hurt.


A Greek police official said two armed men got out of a parked car as Hagopian walked out of his apartment building carrying his luggage. One of the two men opened fire with a [[sawed-off shotgun]], wounding Hagopian in the chest and elbow. As Hagopian tried to flee, the killer ran after him and fired twice into his head and chest. The attackers escaped in a car left parked across the street.<ref name="The Associated Press 1988">{{cite web|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Gunmen-Kill-Man-in-Athens-Identified-as-Armenian-Terrorist-Chief/id-e2d5254813247e3cc55ad77b542b392b|title=Gunmen Kill Man in Athens Identified as Armenian Terrorist Chief|date=28 April 1988|work=Associated Press News Archive|publisher=The Associated Press|accessdate=15 September 2012}}</ref>
A Greek police official said two armed men got out of a parked car as Hagopian walked out of his apartment building carrying his luggage. One of the two men opened fire with a [[sawn-off shotgun]], wounding Hagopian in the chest and elbow. As Hagopian tried to flee, the killer ran after him and fired twice into his head and chest. The attackers escaped in a car left parked across the street.<ref name="The Associated Press 1988">{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/e2d5254813247e3cc55ad77b542b392b|title=Gunmen Kill Man in Athens Identified as Armenian Terrorist Chief|date=28 April 1988|work=Associated Press News Archive|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>


The victim was at first identified as Abdul Mohammed Kasim, 39, from a [[South Yemen]] diplomatic passport he was carrying.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Dead-Leader-s-Body-Re-Examined-For-Identity-Check/id-d4f74a644143f128cd45adf164cbe1b4|title=Dead Leader's Body Re-Examined For Identity Check|last=Quinn|first=Patrick|date=29 April 1988|work=Associated Press News Archive|publisher=The Associated Press|accessdate=15 September 2012}}</ref> However, when police questioned his wife Jeanine, she revealed that her husband used numerous false passports and identified him as Hagop Hagopian who had lived in Athens for about a year under the name Henri Titizian and had frequently traveled abroad using the Yemeni passport.<ref name="The Associated Press 1988"/> The South Yemeni Embassy denied having any knowledge of Hagopian's real identity. Authorities in Greece also stated that they were not aware of the real identity of the victim.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
The victim was at first identified as Abdul Mohammed Kasim, 39, from a [[South Yemen]] diplomatic passport he was carrying.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/d4f74a644143f128cd45adf164cbe1b4|title=Dead Leader's Body Re-Examined For Identity Check|last=Quinn|first=Patrick|date=29 April 1988|work=Associated Press News Archive|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> However, when police questioned his wife Jeanine, she revealed that her husband used numerous false passports and identified him as Hagop Hagopian who had lived in Athens for about a year under the name Henri Titizian and had frequently traveled abroad using the Yemeni passport.<ref name="The Associated Press 1988"/> The South Yemeni Embassy denied having any knowledge of Hagopian's real identity. Authorities in Greece also stated that they were not aware of the real identity of the victim.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


No one claimed responsibility for the assassination. According to Turkish sources, the assassination was carried out by Turks and was planned and led by Mete Günyol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/10/19/haber,7FE33432923A4F41A8DFC740317407DA.html|title=SABAH - 19 Ekim 2007, Cuma - Büyük balık Agop Agopyan Atina sokaklarında vuruldu|website=arsiv.sabah.com.tr|access-date=2019-07-14}}</ref> The Turkish government denied complicity in the assassination.<ref>''The Guardian'', April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Agopian.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' quoted a U.S. intelligence source as saying: "It's hard to say who hit him. He was not a nice character by any stretch of the imagination. He was certainly a very wanted man".<ref name="washingtonpost"/> A later report claimed that Syrians had been behind his assassination, as Hagopian refused to follow their orders to bomb Christian east Beirut, and they were also displeased with Hagopian as he had close relations with [[Palestinians]] such as [[Salah Khalaf|Abu Ayad]].<ref>Conflict studies, Vol. 223-236, Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1989, p. 24</ref> According to Markar Melkonian, the brother of Monte Melkonian, Hagopian's assassins were former ASALA members and lieutenants of Hagopian.<ref>Melkonian, Markar. ''My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 pg. 187.</ref>
No one claimed responsibility for the assassination. According to Turkish sources, the assassination was carried out by Turks and was planned and led by Mete Günyol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/10/19/haber,7FE33432923A4F41A8DFC740317407DA.html|title=SABAH - 19 Ekim 2007, Cuma - Büyük balık Agop Agopyan Atina sokaklarında vuruldu|website=arsiv.sabah.com.tr|access-date=2019-07-14}}</ref> The Turkish government denied complicity in the assassination.<ref>''The Guardian'', April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Agopian.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' quoted a U.S. intelligence source as saying: "It's hard to say who hit him. He was not a nice character by any stretch of the imagination. He was certainly a very wanted man".<ref name="washingtonpost"/> A later report claimed that Syrians had been behind his assassination, as Hagopian refused to follow their orders to bomb Christian east Beirut, and they were also displeased with Hagopian as he had close relations with [[Palestinians]] such as [[Salah Khalaf|Abu Ayad]].<ref>Conflict studies, Vol. 223-236, Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1989, p. 24</ref> According to Markar Melkonian, the brother of Monte Melkonian, Hagopian's assassins were former ASALA members and lieutenants of Hagopian.<ref>Melkonian, Markar. ''My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 pg. 187.</ref>


The body of Hagop Hagopian was flown to Iraq and buried in his home town of Mosul. It was revealed that Hagopian's real name was Harutiun Takoshian and that his parents, Mgrdich and Siranoush Takoshian, still lived in Mosul.<ref>The Associated Press, May 9, 1988. Body of slain ASALA leader flown to Iraq for burial.</ref> Previously, the French police had claimed that his real name was Bedros Hovanissian.<ref name="washingtonpost"/>
The body of Hagop Hagopian was flown to Iraq and buried in his home town of Mosul. It was revealed that Hagopian's real name was Harutiun Takoshian and that his parents, Mgrdich and Siranoush Takoshian, still lived in Mosul.<ref>{{cite news |title=Body Of Slain ASALA Leader Flown To Iraq For Burial |url=https://apnews.com/article/1c0d77c44900d1ce4b803928dc962214 |access-date=13 August 2021 |agency=The Associated Press |date=9 May 1988}}</ref> Previously, the French police had claimed that his real name was Bedros Hovanissian.<ref name="washingtonpost"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia}}
{{Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia}}
{{Armenian nationalism}}
{{Armenian nationalism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hagopian, Hagop}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hagopian, Hagop}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:1988 murders in Europe]]
[[Category:Armenian nationalists]]
[[Category:Armenian nationalists]]
[[Category:Armenian people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Armenian people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Armenian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]]
[[Category:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]]
[[Category:Assassinated Armenian people]]
[[Category:Assassinated Armenian people]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Greece]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Greece]]
[[Category:Iraqi Armenians]]
[[Category:Iraqi people of Armenian descent]]
⚫
[[Category:Murder in 1988]]
[[Category:People from Mosul]]
[[Category:People from Mosul]]
[[Category:People murdered in Greece]]
[[Category:People murdered in Greece]]
[[Category:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine members]]
[[Category:People of the Lebanese Civil War]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 2 November 2024

For other people called Hagop Hagopian (and other transliterations of the same Armenian name), see Hakob Hakobian.
Hagop Hagopian
Յակոբ Յակոբեան
Born
Harutiun Takushian

1951
Mosul, Iraq
Died28 April 1988(1988-04-28) (aged 36–37)
Athens, Greece
NationalityArmenian
Known forLeader of ASALA

Hagop Hagopian (or Agop Agopian; Armenian: Յակոբ Յակոբեան; 1951 – 28 April 1988) was one of the founders and the main leader of ASALA.

Life

[edit]

An Iraqi Armenian born in Mosul as Harutiun Takushian (Armenian: Յարութիւն Թագուշեան), he took the nom de guerre Hagop Hagopian,[1][2] and moved to Lebanon, where according to some sources he joined the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.[3] In 1975, along with writer Kevork Ajemian and others, and with the support from Palestinian groups, he founded in Beirut the ASALA.[4] As leader of ASALA, he directed attacks and assassinations of Turkish diplomats and their families in various countries of the world.

Many in the leadership of ASALA and JCAG were reported to be highly educated, multilingual individuals. The most notorious was the shadowy figure of Hagop Hagopian, presumed an alias, who led ASALA during most of its active phase.

— Historical Dictionary of Armenia, by Rouben Paul Adalian, 2010 - p. 170

Following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982, Hagopian fled and supposedly set up new bases in Damascus and Athens. He broke with the Palestine Liberation Organization, which had given ASALA training and support, and linked up with the anti-PLO leader Abu Nidal.[5]

Hagopian was wanted in France for masterminding the Orly Airport attack in July 1983.[6] This attack resulted in a split in ASALA, with the splinter group ASALA Revolutionary Movement led by Monte Melkonian condemning "the murderous deviation" of Hagopian.[7] Hagopian's more militant faction concentrated in the Middle East and Greece.[8] In the aftermath of the split, Hagopian executed two of Melkonian's allies within ASALA in retaliation for the assassination of two of Hagopian's closest aides.[9]

According to the unidentified U.S. official quoted by The Washington Post, in the late 1980s ASALA had grown more mercenary due to financial difficulties, and "Hagopian became a gun for hire".[10]

Assassination

[edit]

Hagopian was assassinated outside his home in Athens' Palaio Faliro suburb at 4:30 a.m. on 28 April 1988,[11] while he was waiting for a taxi to take him to the airport for a flight to Belgrade. He was accompanied by his sister-in-law, who was not hurt.

A Greek police official said two armed men got out of a parked car as Hagopian walked out of his apartment building carrying his luggage. One of the two men opened fire with a sawn-off shotgun, wounding Hagopian in the chest and elbow. As Hagopian tried to flee, the killer ran after him and fired twice into his head and chest. The attackers escaped in a car left parked across the street.[12]

The victim was at first identified as Abdul Mohammed Kasim, 39, from a South Yemen diplomatic passport he was carrying.[13] However, when police questioned his wife Jeanine, she revealed that her husband used numerous false passports and identified him as Hagop Hagopian who had lived in Athens for about a year under the name Henri Titizian and had frequently traveled abroad using the Yemeni passport.[12] The South Yemeni Embassy denied having any knowledge of Hagopian's real identity. Authorities in Greece also stated that they were not aware of the real identity of the victim.[13]

No one claimed responsibility for the assassination. According to Turkish sources, the assassination was carried out by Turks and was planned and led by Mete Günyol.[14] The Turkish government denied complicity in the assassination.[15] The Washington Post quoted a U.S. intelligence source as saying: "It's hard to say who hit him. He was not a nice character by any stretch of the imagination. He was certainly a very wanted man".[10] A later report claimed that Syrians had been behind his assassination, as Hagopian refused to follow their orders to bomb Christian east Beirut, and they were also displeased with Hagopian as he had close relations with Palestinians such as Abu Ayad.[16] According to Markar Melkonian, the brother of Monte Melkonian, Hagopian's assassins were former ASALA members and lieutenants of Hagopian.[17]

The body of Hagop Hagopian was flown to Iraq and buried in his home town of Mosul. It was revealed that Hagopian's real name was Harutiun Takoshian and that his parents, Mgrdich and Siranoush Takoshian, still lived in Mosul.[18] Previously, the French police had claimed that his real name was Bedros Hovanissian.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zürcher, Erik Jan (2004), Turkey: a modern history, IB Tauris, p. 277, ISBN 978-1-86064-958-5.
  2. ^ Middle East Information Resource on ASALA.
  3. ^ Harvey W. Kushner. Encyclopedia of terrorism. SAGE, 2002. ISBN 0-7619-2408-6, ISBN 978-0-7619-2408-1, p. 47
  4. ^ Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur. Political parties and terrorist groups. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-26871-0, ISBN 978-0-415-26871-4, p. 153
  5. ^ Newsday. October 31, 1986. Jack Anderson, Dale Van Atta. French Refuse of Help Turks Track Terrorist.
  6. ^ The Times, April 29, 1988. Elusive rebel is killed in Athens.
  7. ^ The Guardian, April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Hagopian.
  8. ^ Revolutionary and dissident movements: an international guide, by Guy Arnold, 1991, p. 350
  9. ^ Gavin Cameron. Nuclear terrorism: a threat assessment for the 21st century. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. ISBN 0-312-21983-0, ISBN 978-0-312-21983-3, p. 50
  10. ^ a b c Smith, Philip (29 April 1988). "Armenian Terrorist Leader Murdered". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  11. ^ "Hagop Hagopian, Legendary Leader of ASALA, Gunned Down in Athens, Greece," The Armenian Reporter, 28 April 1988, p. 1
  12. ^ a b "Gunmen Kill Man in Athens Identified as Armenian Terrorist Chief". Associated Press News Archive. The Associated Press. 28 April 1988. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  13. ^ a b Quinn, Patrick (29 April 1988). "Dead Leader's Body Re-Examined For Identity Check". Associated Press News Archive. The Associated Press. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  14. ^ "SABAH - 19 Ekim 2007, Cuma - Büyük balık Agop Agopyan Atina sokaklarında vuruldu". arsiv.sabah.com.tr. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  15. ^ The Guardian, April 30, 1988. Turks deny killing Armenian activist: Faction fighting blamed for assassination of Agopian.
  16. ^ Conflict studies, Vol. 223-236, Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1989, p. 24
  17. ^ Melkonian, Markar. My Brother's Road: An American's Fateful Journey to Armenia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005 pg. 187.
  18. ^ "Body Of Slain ASALA Leader Flown To Iraq For Burial". The Associated Press. 9 May 1988. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
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