Zerega's Spanish Troubadours: Difference between revisions

Zerega's Spanish Troubadours
Zerega's Spanish Troubadours
Background information
Origin	USA and London
Genres	Classical music, Latin
Years active	1887-1900
Labels	No known recordings
Members	n/a
Past members	Eduardo Zerega (Edward E. Hill, Senorita Dema Terval (May D. Hill), Calamaro Durango (guitar), Chinita Zeregal
Website	None

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Zerega's Spanish Troubadours were a mandolin and guitar ensemble active at the end of the 19th century in England.^[1] They were directed by Eduardo Zerega, known in the mandolin world for a single work, Souvenir de Bovio. Less well known is the untimely death of his wife in 1896 in New York, that was described in the newspapers of the day, as the "Zerega Mystery". Zerega was the stage name of Edgar Hill and his wife May. While the Zerega's promoted themselves as from Madrid, Spain,^[2] the Hills were born in Indiana, but moved to London shortly after they were married.

Zerega's Spanish Troubadours

In America in 1887, the 5-piece troupe toured as "Zerega's Royal Spanish Troubadours" to favourable reviews,^[4] in San Rafael,^[5] Los Angeles,^[6] San Bernardino Opera House,^[7] and Sacramento.^[8] A review noted:^[9]

They comprise three gentlemen and two ladies, who, arrayed in the national Spanish costume, execute concerted numbers and solos on the mandolin and guitar. Their performance was a pleasing one, and greatly delighted those present. The principal artist, Senor Edouard Zarega. has a genuine ability, masterly execution and strong sympathetic feeling. Senor Calamaro Durango gave a guitar solo, and Senorita Terval played several numbers on a species of Æolian harp, which won favor and several recalls.

In England in 1888, they billed themselves as "The Zerega Spanish Troubadours", consisting of "two on mandolin and guitar, with tambourine, castanet and fairy-bell accompaniments", appearing at the Royal Albert Hall, West Theatre.^[10] They also toured as "Zerega's Spanish Minstrels".^[2] On 17 and 21 August 1895, "These famous Mandoline and Guitar Players, Singers, and Dancers had the honour of appearing before her Majesty the Queen [Victoria] [at] Osborne House",^[11] and performed the following programme:^[12]

Overture, "El Secreto" .. Thomas
Jota, "Zaragosa" .. Zerega
Mandoline Solo .. Senor Zerega
Concert Vals "La Troubadours" .. Granados
Overture, "Pique Dame" .. Suppe
Flores de Espana .. Zerega
Song, "Los Sacamuelas" .. Gomez
Dance, "La Cachucka" and "La Chinita" .. Viega
Serenata, "Granados" .. Zerega
Song, "Me Gustan" .. Perez
Dance, "Ole" .. Moro
Capricho, "The Circus" .. Zerega

E. Zerega

Personal

Eduardo Zerega was born Edgar E. Hill around 1860 in Columbus, Indiana, USA.^[14] On 21 April 1880 he married May D Keith in Bartholomew, Indiana.^[15] Because the marriage was opposed by her father, the couple left Columbus, and went to live in London.^[16] When visiting New York in 1896, the papers described him as "about five feet five inches in height, and strongly built".^[13] For a time in England, Eduardo Zerego claimed to be a Spanish national,^[17] before confirming his American citizenship.^[18] He died in London on 22 July 1922,^[19] leaving effects of £5,105,^[20] (worth about £250,000 now).

The Zeragas had one daughter, Chinita Zerega, born around 1882.^[17] As a youngster, she often appeared with the Spanish Troubadours, sometimes credited as "Chinita Gomez Zerega",^[21] and also billed as "La Chinita: The Little Dancer", who also performed for Queen Victoria in 1895.^[22] In 1903, she was performing with a Mme Nińa Lewelin in their own ensemble, Los Trobadores, described as "Mandolinists, Guitarists, Banjoists, Vocalists and Dancers".^[23] In 1911, she was performing in Singapore in her own production called "La Pandera", described as "Novel Attraction" and "Typical Dance of Aragona".^[24]

Souvenir de Bovio

Souvenir de Bovio (translation: Souvenir of the Groom) is a romance, and described as the only composition by E. Zerega from around 1900.^[25] A recording by mandolinist Hugo D'Alton accompanied by pianist Clifton Helliwell was released in 1961 on the Collectors Record label.^[26] In 2009, mandolinist Alison Stephens arranged the piece for mandolin with Craig Ogden on guitar, and released it on their CD Souvenirs.^[27]

The Zerega Mystery

"Mrs Everett of Boston", who was later identified as Mrs E. E. Hill, Senorita Zerega^[28]

On 6 May 1896, a woman registered at the Colonnade Hotel, Lafayette Place, New York, as "Mrs Everett of Boston". Two days later, she committed suicide by shooting herself with a revolver through the left ear.^[29]^[30]^[31] The suicide note read:

"Hereditary insanity. Please cremate and pay landlord for damages, etc. Have no family, so beg that my wishes be observed"

There was soon speculation as to the identity of the woman, and there were suspicions (incorrectly) that she was a French woman called Louise Lansburg.^[28] But eventually she was identified from the manufacturer's name on her gloves and a scrap of printed label, which led to "Mrs Everett" being identified as Mrs E. Zerega,^[32] whose name appeared on the passenger manifest of the USS Saint Paul, and that she was Mrs Edgar E. Hill. A positive identification was made by her father-in-law ex-Judge Ralph Hill of Indianapolis.^[13]

Before she died, May had gone to a New York lawyer to ensure that $5,000 worth of property she owned in Indiana would be bequeathed to her husband. Four years after her death, her will was successfully contested by her aunt on the grounds of "unsoundness of mind".^[16]

References

^ The Classical Mandolin, "The Heyday of the Mandolin in Europe", Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0195173376, 9780195173376 (page 90)
^ ^a ^b "Zerega's Spanish Minstrels, c. 1890", British Library Evanion catalogue .Retrieved 2 January 2017
^ "Saturday Popular Concerts" (1897) at forgottenbooks.com
^ "The Troubadoars", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 27, Number 154, 6 September 1887, page 9
^ "Local Intelligence", Marin Journal, Volume 27, Number 23, 18 August 1887, page 2
^ "The Spanish Troubadours", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 27, Number 152, 4 September 1887, page 6
^ Hauser, Mark, "Vaudeville, Popular Entertainment and Cultural Division in the Inland Empire, 1880-1914" (2013). CGU Theses & Dissertations. Paper 78, page 72
^ "The Royal Spanish Troubadours", Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3
^ "The Royal Spanish Troubadours", Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3, column 2
^ "Entertainments &c", The Times (London, England), Thursday, 21 June 1888; p. 1; Issue 32418, Col. 2.
^ St James's Gazette, London, Wednesday 6 November 1895 ($$)
^ "Court Circular", London Evening Standard, 19 August 1895, page 3 ($$)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Zerega and Hill are One", New York Journal, Monday, September 28, 1896.
^ Edgar E Hill, "United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch
^ Marriage of Edgar E Hill and May D Keith, 21 April 1880, "Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007," database with images, FamilySearch
^ ^a ^b "Unique Case Recalled", Indianapolis Journal, Volume 50, Number 55,Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1900, page 8 column 3.
^ ^a ^b Eduardo Zerega, "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch
^ Eduardo Zerega, "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch
^ "Eduardo Zerego, deceased", The London Gazette, 15 September 1922, page 6679
^ "Zerega", England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, page 479
^ Morning Post, London, Thursday 21 June 1894 ($$)
^ "Chit Chat", Thursday 22 August 1895, The Stage, London, page 11 ($$)
^ Harrods catalogue, 1903, page 1021, at www.lookandlearn.com (web)
^ The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 27 September 1911, page 1, at Singapore National Library Board (web)
^ Alison Stephens, "Introduction", Souvenir de Bovio for mandolin and guitar by E. Zerega, published 2009, Astute Music, ISMN 979 57031 105 7
^ "Hugo D'Alton mandoline accompanied by Clifton Helliwell piano", 1961, 7-in vinyl, Collectors Record label, Selection Records, JEC 507 (MusicBrainz entry)
^ "Souvenirs For Mandolin And Guitar" Alison Stephens (mandolin), Craig Ogdon (guitar), 1 Sept. 2009, Chandos label, Catalog No. 10563 (web)
^ ^a ^b "Is Mrs. Everett Louise Lansburg?", The Journal, New York, Monday 18 May 1896, page 1, column 7
^ "Suicide of a woman", The Call (San Francisco), Volume 79, Number 161, 9 May 1896, page 1, column 6
^ "Identifies the New York Suicide", The Chicago Daily Tribune, Vol. LV., No. 140, Tuesday 19 May 1896, front page
^ "The Zerega Mystery", Rome semi-weekly citizen (New York), Friday 22 May 1896, page 2, column 5
^ "Are Now Sure That She Was Mrs Hill", The Journal, May 20, 1896

[1] The Classical Mandolin, "The Heyday of the Mandolin in Europe", Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0195173376, 9780195173376 (page 90)

[minstrels1890-2] "Zerega's Spanish Minstrels, c. 1890", British Library Evanion catalogue .Retrieved 2 January 2017

[3] "Saturday Popular Concerts" (1897) at forgottenbooks.com

[4] "The Troubadoars", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 27, Number 154, 6 September 1887, page 9

[5] "Local Intelligence", Marin Journal, Volume 27, Number 23, 18 August 1887, page 2

[6] "The Spanish Troubadours", Los Angeles Herald, Volume 27, Number 152, 4 September 1887, page 6

[7] Hauser, Mark, "Vaudeville, Popular Entertainment and Cultural Division in the Inland Empire, 1880-1914" (2013). CGU Theses & Dissertations. Paper 78, page 72

[8] "The Royal Spanish Troubadours", Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3

[9] "The Royal Spanish Troubadours", Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3, column 2

[10] "Entertainments &c", The Times (London, England), Thursday, 21 June 1888; p. 1; Issue 32418, Col. 2.

[11] St James's Gazette, London, Wednesday 6 November 1895 ($$)

[12] "Court Circular", London Evening Standard, 19 August 1895, page 3 ($$)

[zerega-hill-1896-13] "Zerega and Hill are One", New York Journal, Monday, September 28, 1896.

[14] Edgar E Hill, "United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch

[15] Marriage of Edgar E Hill and May D Keith, 21 April 1880, "Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007," database with images, FamilySearch

[uniquecase1900-16] "Unique Case Recalled", Indianapolis Journal, Volume 50, Number 55,Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1900, page 8 column 3.

[1901census-17] Eduardo Zerega, "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch

[18] Eduardo Zerega, "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch

[19] "Eduardo Zerego, deceased", The London Gazette, 15 September 1922, page 6679

[20] "Zerega", England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, page 479

[21] Morning Post, London, Thursday 21 June 1894 ($$)

[22] "Chit Chat", Thursday 22 August 1895, The Stage, London, page 11 ($$)

[23] Harrods catalogue, 1903, page 1021, at www.lookandlearn.com (web)

[24] The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 27 September 1911, page 1, at Singapore National Library Board (web)

[25] Alison Stephens, "Introduction", Souvenir de Bovio for mandolin and guitar by E. Zerega, published 2009, Astute Music, ISMN 979 57031 105 7

[26] "Hugo D'Alton mandoline accompanied by Clifton Helliwell piano", 1961, 7-in vinyl, Collectors Record label, Selection Records, JEC 507 (MusicBrainz entry)

[27] "Souvenirs For Mandolin And Guitar" Alison Stephens (mandolin), Craig Ogdon (guitar), 1 Sept. 2009, Chandos label, Catalog No. 10563 (web)

[may-hill-28] "Is Mrs. Everett Louise Lansburg?", The Journal, New York, Monday 18 May 1896, page 1, column 7

[29] "Suicide of a woman", The Call (San Francisco), Volume 79, Number 161, 9 May 1896, page 1, column 6

[30] "Identifies the New York Suicide", The Chicago Daily Tribune, Vol. LV., No. 140, Tuesday 19 May 1896, front page

[31] "The Zerega Mystery", Rome semi-weekly citizen (New York), Friday 22 May 1896, page 2, column 5

[32] "Are Now Sure That She Was Mrs Hill", The Journal, May 20, 1896

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
-'''Zerega's Spanish Troubadours''' were a [[mandolin]] and [[guitar]] ensemble active at the end of the 19th century in England.<ref>The Classical Mandolin, "The Heyday of the Madolin in Europe", Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN	0195173376, 9780195173376 ([https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GFC1swWRWMIC&lpg=PA90&dq=zerega%20mandolin&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q=Zerega%20Spanish%20Troubadours&f=false page 90])</ref> They were directed by Eduardo Zerega, known in the madolin world for a single work, ''Souvenir de Bovio''. Less well known is the untimely death of his wife in 1896 in New York, that was described in the newspapers of the day, as the "Zerega Mystery". Zerega was the stage name of Edgar Hill and his wife May. While the Zerega's promoted themselves as from Madrid, Spain,<ref name="minstrels1890">"[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/evanion/Record.aspx?EvanID=024-000002165&ImageIndex=0 Zerega's Spanish Minstrels, c. 1890]", British Library Evanion catalogue .Retrieved 2 January 2017</ref> the Hills were born in Indiania, but move to London shortly after they were married.
+{{Infobox musical artist
+| name            = Zerega's Spanish Troubadours
+| image           = Zerega Spanish Troubadiors (1896).jpg
+| caption         =
+| image_size      =
+| alias           =
+| origin          = USA and London
+| genre           = [[Classical music]], [[Latin music (genre)|Latin]]
+| years_active    = 1887-1900
+| label           = No known recordings
+| website         = None
+| current_members = n/a
+| past_members    = Eduardo Zerega (Edward E. Hill, Senorita Dema Terval (May D. Hill), Calamaro Durango (guitar), Chinita Zeregal
+}}
+'''Zerega's Spanish Troubadours''' were a [[mandolin]] and [[guitar]] ensemble active at the end of the 19th century in England.<ref>The Classical Mandolin, "The Heyday of the Mandolin in Europe", Oxford University Press, 2005, {{ISBN|0195173376}}, 9780195173376 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=GFC1swWRWMIC&q=Zerega+Spanish+Troubadours&pg=PA90 page 90])</ref> They were directed by [[Eduardo Zerega]], known in the mandolin world for a single work, ''Souvenir de Bovio''. Less well known is the untimely death of his wife in 1896 in New York, that was described in the newspapers of the day, as the "Zerega Mystery". Zerega was the stage name of [[Edgar Hill]] and his wife [[May D. Hill|May]]. While the Zerega's promoted themselves as from Madrid, Spain,<ref name="minstrels1890">"[https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/evanion/Record.aspx?EvanID=024-000002165&ImageIndex=0 Zerega's Spanish Minstrels, c. 1890]", British Library Evanion catalogue .Retrieved 2 January 2017</ref> the Hills were born in Indiana, but moved to London shortly after they were married.
 ==Zerega's Spanish Troubadours==
-[[File:zerega 1897 programme.png|thumb|right|Zerega's Spanish Troubadours 1897 concert announcement.<ref>"[https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/books/SaturdayPopularConcerts_10619684 Saturday Popular Concerts]" (1897) at forgottenbooks.com</ref>]]
+[[File:zerega 1897 programme.png|thumb|right|Zerega's Spanish Troubadours 1897 concert announcement<ref>"[https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/books/SaturdayPopularConcerts_10619684 Saturday Popular Concerts]" (1897) at forgottenbooks.com</ref>]]
-In America in 1887, the 5-piece troup toured as "Zerega's Royal Spanish Troubadours" to favourable reviews,<ref>"The Troubadoars", ''Los Angeles Herald'', Volume 27, Number 154, 6 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18870906.2.30 page 9]</ref> in San Rafael,<ref>"Local Intelligence", ''Marin Journal'', Volume 27, Number 23, 18 August 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=MJ18870818.2.4 page 2] </ref> Los Angeles,<ref>"The Spanish Troubadours", ''Los Angeles Herald'', Volume 27, Number 152, 4 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18870904.2.50 page 6]</ref> San Bernardino Opera House,<ref>Hauser, Mark, "Vaudeville, Popular Entertainment and Cultural Division in the Inland Empire, 1880-1914" (2013). CGU Theses & Dissertations. Paper 78, [http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/78/ page 72]</ref> and Sacramento.<ref>"The Royal Spanish Troubadours", ''Sacramento Daily Union'', Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18870920.2.19 page 3]</ref> A review noted:<ref>"[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18870920.2.19 The Royal Spanish Troubadours]", ''Sacramento Daily Union'', Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3, column 2</ref>
+In America in 1887, the 5-piece troupe toured as "Zerega's Royal Spanish Troubadours" to favourable reviews,<ref>"The Troubadoars", ''Los Angeles Herald'', Volume 27, Number 154, 6 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18870906.2.30 page 9]</ref> in San Rafael,<ref>"Local Intelligence", ''Marin Journal'', Volume 27, Number 23, 18 August 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=MJ18870818.2.4 page 2]</ref> Los Angeles,<ref>"The Spanish Troubadours", ''Los Angeles Herald'', Volume 27, Number 152, 4 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH18870904.2.50 page 6]</ref> San Bernardino Opera House,<ref>Hauser, Mark, "Vaudeville, Popular Entertainment and Cultural Division in the Inland Empire, 1880-1914" (2013). CGU Theses & Dissertations. Paper 78, [http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/78/ page 72]</ref> and Sacramento.<ref>"The Royal Spanish Troubadours", ''Sacramento Daily Union'', Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, [https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18870920.2.19 page 3]</ref> A review noted:<ref>"[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18870920.2.19 The Royal Spanish Troubadours]", ''Sacramento Daily Union'', Volume 58, Number 26, 20 September 1887, page 3, column 2</ref>
-:"They comprise three gentlemen and two ladies, who, arrayed in the national Spanish costume, execute concerted numbers and solos on the mandolin and guitar. Their performance was a pleasing one, and greatly delighted those present. The principal artist, Senor Edouard Zarega. has a genuine ability, masterly execution and strong sympathetic feeling. Senor Calamaro Durango gave a guitar solo, and Senorita Terval played several numbers on a species of [[Aeolian harp|Æolian harp]], which won favor and several recalls."
+{{Quote|They comprise three gentlemen and two ladies, who, arrayed in the national Spanish costume, execute concerted numbers and solos on the mandolin and guitar. Their performance was a pleasing one, and greatly delighted those present. The principal artist, Senor Edouard Zarega. has a genuine ability, masterly execution and strong sympathetic feeling. Senor Calamaro Durango gave a guitar solo, and Senorita Terval played several numbers on a species of [[Aeolian harp|Æolian harp]], which won favor and several recalls.}}
-In England in 1888, they bill themselves as "The Zerega Spanish Troubadours", consisting of "two on mandolin and guitar, with [[tambourine]], [[castanet]] and fairy-bell accompaniments", appearing at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], West Theatre.<ref>"Entertainments &c", ''The Times'' (London, England), Thursday, Jun 21, 1888; pg. 1; Issue 32418, Col. 2.</ref> They also toured as "Zerega's Spanish Minstrels".<ref name="minstrels1890" /> On August 17th and 21st August 1895, "These famous Mandoline and Guitar Players, Singers, and Dancers had the honour of appearing before her Majesty the Queen [Victoria] [at] Osborne House".<ref>''St James's Gazette'', London, Wednesday 06 November 1895 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18951106/010/0001 $$])</ref>
+In England in 1888, they billed themselves as "The Zerega Spanish Troubadours", consisting of "two on mandolin and guitar, with [[tambourine]], [[castanet]] and fairy-bell accompaniments", appearing at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], West Theatre.<ref>"Entertainments &c", ''The Times'' (London, England), Thursday, 21 June 1888; p. 1; Issue 32418, Col. 2.</ref> They also toured as "Zerega's Spanish Minstrels".<ref name="minstrels1890" /> On 17 and 21 August 1895, "These famous Mandoline and Guitar Players, Singers, and Dancers had the honour of appearing before her Majesty the Queen [Victoria] [at] Osborne House",<ref>''St James's Gazette'', London, Wednesday 6 November 1895 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18951106/010/0001 $$])</ref> and performed the following programme:<ref>"Court Circular", ''London Evening Standard'', 19 August 1895, page 3 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18950819/020/0003 $$])</ref>
+*Overture, "El Secreto" .. Thomas
+*Jota, "Zaragosa" .. Zerega
+*Mandoline Solo .. Senor Zerega
+*Concert Vals "La Troubadours" .. Granados
+*Overture, "[[Pique Dame (Suppé)|Pique Dame]]" .. [[Franz von Suppé|Suppe]]
+*Flores de Espana .. Zerega
+*Song, "Los Sacamuelas" .. Gomez
+*Dance, "La Cachucka" and "La Chinita" .. Viega
+*Serenata, "Granados" .. Zerega
+*Song, "Me Gustan" .. Perez
+*Dance, "Ole" .. Moro
+*Capricho, "The Circus" .. Zerega
 ==E. Zerega==
+[[File:Eduardo Zerega AKA Edgar E. Hill 1896.jpg|thumb|right|Eduardo Zerega, AKA Edgar E. Hill]]
+===Personal===
 [[File:edgar hill zerega 1896.png|thumb|right|Edgar E. Hill, AKA Eduardo Zerega<ref name="zerega-hill-1896" />]]
-Eduardo Zerega was born Edgar E. Hill around 1860 in [[Columbus, Indiana]], USA.<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MXXD-J3X Edgar E Hill], "United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch </ref> On 21 April 1880 he married May D Keith in [[Bartholomew County, Indiana|Bartholomew, Indiana]].<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXYY-R65 Marriage of Edgar E Hill and May D Keith], 21 Apr 1880, "Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007," database with images, FamilySearch</ref> Because the marriage was opposed by her father, the couple left Columbus, and went to live in London.<ref name="uniquecase1900">"[https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=IJ19000224.1.8 Unique Case Recalled]", ''Indianapolis Journal'', Volume 50, Number 55,Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1900, page 8 column 3.</ref> When visiting New York in 1896, the papers described him as "about five feet five inches in height, and strongly built".<ref name="zerega-hill-1896">"[https://cdn.loc.gov/service/sgp/sgpbatches/batch_dlc_archibald_ver01/data/sn84024350/print2435/1896092801/0477.pdf Zerega and Hill are One]", ''New York Journal'', Monday, September 28, 1896.</ref> For a time in England, Eduardo Zerego claimed to be a Spanish national,<ref name="1901census">[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X94Z-L7W Eduardo Zerega], "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch</ref> before confirming his American citizenship.<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XW21-3LF Eduardo Zerega], "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch</ref> He died in London on 22 July 1922,<ref>"Eduardo Zerego, deceased", ''The London Gazette'', 15 September 1922, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32747/page/6679/data.pdf page 6679]</ref> leaving effects of £5,105,<ref>"Zerega", England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, page 479</ref> (worth about £250,000 now).
+Eduardo Zerega was born Edgar E. Hill around 1860 in [[Columbus, Indiana]], USA.<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MXXD-J3X Edgar E Hill], "United States Census, 1870," database with images, FamilySearch</ref> On 21 April 1880 he married May D Keith in [[Bartholomew County, Indiana|Bartholomew, Indiana]].<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXYY-R65 Marriage of Edgar E Hill and May D Keith], 21 April 1880, "Indiana Marriages, 1811-2007," database with images, FamilySearch</ref> Because the marriage was opposed by her father, the couple left Columbus, and went to live in London.<ref name="uniquecase1900">"[https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=IJ19000224.1.8 Unique Case Recalled]", ''Indianapolis Journal'', Volume 50, Number 55,Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1900, page 8 column 3.</ref> When visiting New York in 1896, the papers described him as "about five feet five inches in height, and strongly built".<ref name="zerega-hill-1896">"[https://cdn.loc.gov/service/sgp/sgpbatches/batch_dlc_archibald_ver01/data/sn84024350/print2435/1896092801/0477.pdf Zerega and Hill are One]", ''New York Journal'', Monday, September 28, 1896.</ref> For a time in England, Eduardo Zerego claimed to be a Spanish national,<ref name="1901census">[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X94Z-L7W Eduardo Zerega], "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch</ref> before confirming his American citizenship.<ref>[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XW21-3LF Eduardo Zerega], "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch</ref> He died in London on 22 July 1922,<ref>"Eduardo Zerego, deceased", ''The London Gazette'', 15 September 1922, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32747/page/6679/data.pdf page 6679]</ref> leaving effects of £5,105,<ref>"Zerega", England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, page 479</ref> (worth about £250,000 now).
+The Zeragas had one daughter, Chinita Zerega, born around 1882.<ref name="1901census" /> As a youngster, she often appeared with the Spanish Troubadours, sometimes credited as "Chinita Gomez Zerega",<ref>''Morning Post'', London, Thursday 21 June 1894 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18940621/003/0001 $$])</ref> and also billed as "La Chinita: The Little Dancer", who also performed for Queen Victoria in 1895.<ref>"Chit Chat", Thursday 22 August 1895, ''The Stage'', London, page 11 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001179/18950822/033/0011 $$])</ref>  In 1903, she was performing with a Mme Nińa Lewelin in their own ensemble, ''Los Trobadores'', described as "Mandolinists, Guitarists, Banjoists, Vocalists and Dancers".<ref>Harrods catalogue, 1903, page 1021, at www.lookandlearn.com ([http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M350878/Page-from-Harrods-catalogue-1903?img=1&search=zerega web])</ref> In 1911, she was performing in Singapore in her own production called "La Pandera", described as "Novel Attraction" and "Typical Dance of Aragona".<ref>''The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser'', 27 September 1911, page 1, at Singapore National Library Board ([http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19110927-1.2.4.1 web])</ref>
 ===''Souvenir de Bovio''===
 ''Souvenir de Bovio'' (translation: Souvenir of the Groom) is a [[Romance (music)|romance]], and described as the only composition by E. Zerega from around 1900.<ref>Alison Stephens, "Introduction", Souvenir de Bovio for mandolin and guitar by E. Zerega, published 2009, Astute Music, ISMN 979 57031 105 7</ref> A recording by mandolinist Hugo D'Alton accompanied by pianist Clifton Helliwell was released in 1961 on the Collectors Record label.<ref>"Hugo D'Alton mandoline accompanied by Clifton Helliwell piano", 1961, 7-in vinyl, Collectors Record label, Selection Records, JEC 507 ([https://musicbrainz.org/release/8d379b75-a068-48d3-a77a-c77e65a929f0 MusicBrainz entry])</ref> In 2009, mandolinist [[Alison Stephens]] arranged the piece for mandolin with [[Craig Ogden]] on guitar, and released it on their CD ''Souvenirs''.<ref>"Souvenirs For Mandolin And Guitar" Alison Stephens (mandolin), Craig Ogdon (guitar), 1 Sept. 2009, Chandos label, Catalog No. 10563 ([https://www.chandos.net/products/catalogue/CHAN%2010563 web])</ref>
-===Personal===
-The Zeragas had one daughter, Chinita Zerega, born around 1882.<ref name="1901census" /> As a youngster, she often appeared with the Spanish Troubadours, sometimes credited as "Chinita Gomez Zerega",<ref>''Morning Post'', London, Thursday 21 June 1894 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18940621/003/0001 $$])</ref> and also billed as "La Chinita: The Little Dancer", who also performed for Queen Victoria in 1895.<ref>"Chit Chat", Thursday 22 August 1895, ''The Stage', London, page 11 ([http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001179/18950822/033/0011 $$])</ref>  In 1903, she was performing with a Mme Nińa Lewelin in their own ensemble, ''Los Trobadores'', described as "Mandolinists, Guitarists, Banjoists, Vocalists and Dancerts".<ref>Harrods catalogue, 1903, page 1021, at www.lookandlearn.com ([http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/M350878/Page-from-Harrods-catalogue-1903?img=1&search=zerega web])</ref> In 1911, she was performing in Singapore in her own production called "La Pandera", described as "Novel Attraction" and "Typical Dance of Aragona".<ref>''The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser'', 27 September 1911, page 1, at Singapore National Library Board ([http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19110927-1.2.4.1 web])</ref>
 ==The Zerega Mystery ==
-[[File:may-hill-zerega-everett.png|thumb|right|"Mrs Everett of Boston" who was later identified as Mrs E. E. Hill, Senorita Zerega.<ref name="may-hill">"[https://cdn.loc.gov/service/sgp/sgpbatches/batch_dlc_archibald_ver01/data/sn84031792/print2431/1896051801/0341.pdf Is Mrs. Everett Louise Lansburg?]", ''The Journal'', New York, Monday May 18, 1896, page 1, column 7</ref>]]
+[[File:may-hill-zerega-everett.png|thumb|right|"Mrs Everett of Boston", who was later identified as Mrs E. E. Hill, Senorita Zerega<ref name="may-hill">"[https://cdn.loc.gov/service/sgp/sgpbatches/batch_dlc_archibald_ver01/data/sn84031792/print2431/1896051801/0341.pdf Is Mrs. Everett Louise Lansburg?]", ''The Journal'', New York, Monday 18 May 1896, page 1, column 7</ref>]]
-On the 6th May 1896, a woman registered at the Colonnade Hotel, Lafayette Place, New York, as "Mrs Everett of Boston". Two days later, she committed suicide by shooting herself with a revolver through the left ear,<ref>"Suicide of a woman", ''The Call'' (San Francisco), Volume 79, Number 161, 9 May 1896, page 1, column 6</ref> .<ref>"Identifies the New York Suicide", ''The Chicago Daily Tribune'', Vol. LV., No. 140, Tuesday May 19, 1896, [http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1896/05/19/page/1/article/identifies-the-new-york-suicide front page]</ref><ref>"[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%20Disk3/Rome%20NY%20%20Roman%20Citizen/Rome%20NY%20Roman%20Citizen%201895%20-%201896%20Grayscale.pdf/Rome%20NY%20Roman%20Citizen%201895%20-%201896%20Grayscale%20-%200406.pdf The Zerega Mystery]", ''Rome semi-weekly citizen'' (New York), Friday May 22, 1896, page 2, column 5</ref> The suicide note read:
+On 6 May 1896, a woman registered at the Colonnade Hotel, Lafayette Place, New York, as "Mrs Everett of Boston". Two days later, she committed suicide by shooting herself with a revolver through the left ear.<ref>"[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18960509.2.12 Suicide of a woman]", ''The Call'' (San Francisco), Volume 79, Number 161, 9 May 1896, page 1, column 6</ref><ref>"Identifies the New York Suicide", ''The Chicago Daily Tribune'', Vol. LV., No. 140, Tuesday 19 May 1896, [http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1896/05/19/page/1/article/identifies-the-new-york-suicide front page]</ref><ref>"[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%20Disk3/Rome%20NY%20%20Roman%20Citizen/Rome%20NY%20Roman%20Citizen%201895%20-%201896%20Grayscale.pdf/Rome%20NY%20Roman%20Citizen%201895%20-%201896%20Grayscale%20-%200406.pdf The Zerega Mystery]", ''Rome semi-weekly citizen'' (New York), Friday 22 May 1896, page 2, column 5</ref> The suicide note read:
-<center>
+<div class="center">
 [[File:zerega-hill-suicide-note.png|600px]]<br />
 "Hereditary insanity. Please cremate and pay landlord for damages, etc. Have no family, so beg that my wishes be observed"
-</center>
+</div>
-There was soon speculation as to the identity of the woman, and there were suspicions (incorrectly) that she was a French woman called Louise Lansburg.<ref name="may-hill" /> But eventually she was identified from the manufacturer's name on her gloves and a scrap of printed label, which led to "Mrs Everett" being identified as Mrs E. Zerega whose name appeared on the passenger manifest of the [[SS Saint Paul (1895)|USS Saint Paul]], and that she was Mrs Edgar E. Hill. A positive identification was made by her father-in-law ex-Judge Ralph Hill of Indianapolis.<ref name="zerega-hill-1896" />
+There was soon speculation as to the identity of the woman, and there were suspicions (incorrectly) that she was a French woman called Louise Lansburg.<ref name="may-hill" /> But eventually she was identified from the manufacturer's name on her gloves and a scrap of printed label, which led to "Mrs Everett" being identified as Mrs E. Zerega,<ref>"[https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84031792/1896-05-20/ed-1/?sp=1&st=text Are Now Sure That She Was Mrs Hill]", ''The Journal'', May 20, 1896</ref> whose name appeared on the passenger manifest of the [[SS Saint Paul (1895)|USS ''Saint Paul'']], and that she was Mrs Edgar E. Hill. A positive identification was made by her father-in-law ex-Judge Ralph Hill of Indianapolis.<ref name="zerega-hill-1896" />
 Before she died, May had gone to a New York lawyer to ensure that $5,000 worth of property she owned in Indiana would be bequeathed to her husband. Four years after her death, her will was successfully contested by her aunt on the grounds of "unsoundness of mind".<ref name="uniquecase1900" />
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:American mandolinists]]
-[[Category:Mandolinists]]
+[[Category:American classical music groups]]
-[[Category:Suicides]]
+[[Category:Classical mandolinists]]
 [[Category:Compositions for string quintet]]
-[[Category:American mandolinists]]
 [[Category:1896 deaths]]
 [[Category:1922 deaths]]
 [[Category:Musical quintets]]
+[[Category:Suicides in New York City]]
+[[Category:Musical groups established in 1887]]