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{{Short description|German typeface designer (1878–1956)}}
[[Image:Futura-1.png|thumb|250px|right|'''[[Futura (typeface)|Futura]]''' typeface in ''light'', ''regular'', and ''semibold'']]
{{for|the American politician|Paul Renner (politician)}}
'''Paul Renner''' ([[August 9]] [[1878]] – [[April 25]] [[1956]]) was a [[typeface]] designer, most notably of [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]]. He was born in [[Wernigerode]], [[Germany]] and died in Hödingen.
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Paul Renner
| image = Paul Renner, um 1927, Fotografie von Eduard Wasow.jpg
| caption = Paul Renner c. 1927
| birth_name = Paul Friedrich August Renner
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|08|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Wernigerode]], German Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1956|04|26|1878|08|09|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Hödingen (Überlingen)|Hödingen]], West Germany
| occupation = Type designer
⚫
}}
'''Paul Friedrich August Renner''' (9 August 1878 – 25 April 1956) was a German [[typeface]] designer, author, and founder of the Master School for Germany's Printers in Munich. In 1927, he designed the [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]] typeface, which became one of the most successful and most-used types of the 20th century.


Renner was born in [[Wernigerode]], and died in [[Hödingen (Überlingen)|Hödingen]] (today part of [[Überlingen]], Germany).
⚫
He was born in Prussia and had a strict Protestant upbringing, being educated in 19th century Gymnasium. He was brought up to have a very German sense of leadership, of duty and responsibility. He was suspicious of abstract art and disliked many forms of modern culture, such as jazz, cinema, and dancing. But equally, he admired the functionalist strain in modernism. Thus, Renner can be seen as a bridge between the traditional (19th century) and the modern (20th century). He attempted to fuse the Gothic and the roman typefaces.


⚫
He had a strict Protestant upbringing, being educated in a 19th-century [[Gymnasium (Germany)|Gymnasium]]. He was brought up to have a sense of leadership, duty and responsibility. He disliked abstract art and many forms of modern culture, such as jazz, cinema, and dancing. But equally, he admired the functionalist strain in modernism. Thus, Renner can be seen as a bridge between the traditional (19th century) and the modern (20th century). He attempted to fuse the Gothic and the roman typefaces.
⚫
Renner was a prominent member of the [[Deutscher Werkbund]] (German Work Federation). Two of his major texts are ''Typografie als Kunst'' (Typography as Art) and ''Die Kunst der Typographie'' (The Art of Typography). He created a new set of guidelines for good book design and invented the popular [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]], a geometric sans-serif font used by many typographers throughout the 20th century and up till the present. The typeface [[Architype Renner]] is based upon Renner's early experimental exploration of geometric letterforms for the Futura typeface, most of which were deleted from the face's character set before it was issued. [[Tasse]], a 1994 typeface is a revival of Renner's 1953 typeface Steile Futura.


⚫
Renner was a prominent member of the [[Deutscher Werkbund]] (German Work Federation). Two of his major texts are ''Typografie als Kunst'' (Typography as Art) and ''Die Kunst der Typographie'' (The Art of Typography). He created a new set of guidelines for good book design and invented the popular [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]], a geometric [[sans-serif]] font used by many typographers throughout the 20th century and today. The typeface [[Architype Renner]] is based upon Renner's early experimental exploration of geometric letterforms for the Futura typeface, most of which were deleted from the face's character set before it was issued. [[Tasse]], a 1994 typeface is a revival of Renner's 1953 typeface Steile Futura.
⚫
Renner was a friend of the eminent German typographer [[Jan Tschichold]] and a key participant in the heated ideological and artistic debates of that time.

⚫
Renner was a friend of the German typographer [[Jan Tschichold]] and a key participant in the heated ideological and artistic debates of that time.


==Politics==
==Politics==
Even before 1932, Renner made his opposition to the Nazis very clear, notably in his book “Kultur-bolschewismus?” (Cultural Bolshevism?). He was unable to find a German publisher, so it was published his Swiss friend Eugen Rentsch.
Even before 1932, Renner made his opposition to the Nazis very clear, notably in his book “Kulturbolschewismus?” (Cultural Bolshevism?). He was unable to find a German publisher, so it was published by his Swiss friend Eugen Rentsch. While designing his typeface Futura, Renner appeared at a public forum in Munich with several other German authors to speak out against the Nazis and other right-leaning parties who criticized anything that deviated from tradition as being "cultural bolshevism."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charles |first=Leonard |date=Dec 1, 2006 |title=Paul Renner and Futura: The Effects of Culture, Technology, and Social Continuity on the Design of Type for Printing |url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/2/ |journal=Georgia State University|doi=10.57709/1062134 }}</ref>


After the Nazis seized power in March 1933, he was arrested and dismissed from his post in Munich in 1933, and subsequently went into a period of internal exile. Soon after the book's publication, it was withdrawn from the German book market, until a photo-mechanical reprint was issued by Stroemfeld Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/Basel, in 2003. The new edition included comments by Roland Reuss and Peter Staengle (a main source for these notes).<ref>[http://wiedler.ch/felix/books/story/1 paul renner: kulturbolschewismus?]</ref>
After the Nazis seized power in March 1933, Renner was arrested and dismissed from his post in Munich in 1933, and subsequently emigrated to Switzerland. Soon after the book's publication, it was withdrawn from the German book market, until a photo-mechanical reprint was issued by Stroemfeld Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/Basel, in 2003. The new edition included comments by Roland Reuss and Peter Staengle (a main source for these notes).<ref>[http://wiedler.ch/felix/books/story/1 paul renner: kulturbolschewismus?]</ref>
[[File:Typeface specimen Futura.svg|thumb|279x279px|Typeface specimen Futura]]


==Typefaces==
==Typefaces==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{|
*[[Architype Renner]] (1927)
|
* [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]] (1928)
* [[Futura (typeface)|Futura]] (1927)
* [[Plak (typeface)|Plak]] (1928)
* Plak (1930)
* Futura Black (1929)
* Futura Black (1929)
|
* Futura light (1932)
* Futura light (1932)
* Ballade (1938)
* Ballade (1938)
* [[Renner Antiqua]] (1939)
* Renner Antiqua (1939)
{{div col end}}
|
⚫
|}


==Books==
==Books==
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<!-- Please add English editions -->
<!-- Please add English editions -->
*''Typographie als Kunst'', Munich 1922
*''Typographie als Kunst'', Munich 1922
*''Mechanisierte Grafik. Schrift, Typo, Foto, Film, Farbe'', Berlin 1930
*''Mechanisierte Grafik. Schrift, Typo, Foto, Film, Farbe'', Berlin 1930
*''Kulturbolschewismus?'', Zurich 1932,
*''Kulturbolschewismus?'', Zurich 1932,
*''Die Kunst der Typographie'', Berlin 1939, New print Augsburg 2003; ISBN 3875124146,
*''Die Kunst der Typographie'', Berlin 1939, New print Augsburg 2003; {{ISBN|3-87512-414-6}},
*''Das moderne Buch'', Lindau 1946,
*''Das moderne Buch'', Lindau 1946,
*''Ordnung und Harmonie der Farben. Eine Farbenlehre für Künstler und Handwerker'', Ravensburg 1947
*''Ordnung und Harmonie der Farben. Eine Farbenlehre für Künstler und Handwerker'', Ravensburg 1947
*''Vom Geheimnis der Darstellung'', Frankfurt 1955
*''Vom Geheimnis der Darstellung'', Frankfurt 1955
Line 39: Line 53:
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*Burke, Christopher. ''Paul Renner: the art of typography.'' Hypen Press, London: 1998. ISBN 0-907259-12-X.
*[[Christopher Burke (design writer)|Burke, Christopher]]. ''Paul Renner: the art of typography.'' London: Hyphen Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-907259-12-X}}.
*Burke, Christopher. ''Paul Renner and German Typography, 1900-1950'', ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1995.
*Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. ''The Encyclopædia of Type Faces.'' Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. ISBN 0-7137-1347-X.
*Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. ''The Encyclopædia of Type Faces.'' Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. {{ISBN|0-7137-1347-X}}.
*[http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07222005-152053/ Leonard, Charles C. ''Paul Renner and Futura: The Effects of Culture, Technology, and Social Continuity On the Design of Type for Printing.'']
*[http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=art_design_theses Leonard, Charles C. ''Paul Renner and Futura: The Effects of Culture, Technology, and Social Continuity On the Design of Type for Printing.'']

==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.linotype.com/762/paulrenner.html Biography with image and typeface samples]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150905093733/http://www.linotype.com/762/paulrenner.html Biography with image and typeface samples]
* {{PND|118744542}}
* {{DNB portal|118744542|TYP=}}

''This article incorporates text from the German article [[:de:Paul Renner]], especially from [http://de.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Paul_Renner&oldid=44894242 this version].


{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renner, Paul}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renner, Paul}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
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[[Category:German typographers and type designers]]

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[[Category:Type designers]]

[[de:Paul Renner]]
[[es:Paul Renner]]
[[fr:Paul Renner]]
[[pt:Paul Renner]]
[[sv:Paul Renner]]
[[tr:Paul Renner]]

Latest revision as of 16:20, 2 November 2024

For the American politician, see Paul Renner (politician).
Paul Renner
Paul Renner c. 1927
Born
Paul Friedrich August Renner

(1878-08-09)9 August 1878
Wernigerode, German Empire
Died26 April 1956(1956-04-26) (aged 77)
Hödingen, West Germany
OccupationType designer

Paul Friedrich August Renner (9 August 1878 – 25 April 1956) was a German typeface designer, author, and founder of the Master School for Germany's Printers in Munich. In 1927, he designed the Futura typeface, which became one of the most successful and most-used types of the 20th century.

Renner was born in Wernigerode, and died in Hödingen (today part of Überlingen, Germany).

He had a strict Protestant upbringing, being educated in a 19th-century Gymnasium. He was brought up to have a sense of leadership, duty and responsibility. He disliked abstract art and many forms of modern culture, such as jazz, cinema, and dancing. But equally, he admired the functionalist strain in modernism. Thus, Renner can be seen as a bridge between the traditional (19th century) and the modern (20th century). He attempted to fuse the Gothic and the roman typefaces.

Renner was a prominent member of the Deutscher Werkbund (German Work Federation). Two of his major texts are Typografie als Kunst (Typography as Art) and Die Kunst der Typographie (The Art of Typography). He created a new set of guidelines for good book design and invented the popular Futura, a geometric sans-serif font used by many typographers throughout the 20th century and today. The typeface Architype Renner is based upon Renner's early experimental exploration of geometric letterforms for the Futura typeface, most of which were deleted from the face's character set before it was issued. Tasse, a 1994 typeface is a revival of Renner's 1953 typeface Steile Futura.

Renner was a friend of the German typographer Jan Tschichold and a key participant in the heated ideological and artistic debates of that time.

Politics

[edit]

Even before 1932, Renner made his opposition to the Nazis very clear, notably in his book “Kulturbolschewismus?” (Cultural Bolshevism?). He was unable to find a German publisher, so it was published by his Swiss friend Eugen Rentsch. While designing his typeface Futura, Renner appeared at a public forum in Munich with several other German authors to speak out against the Nazis and other right-leaning parties who criticized anything that deviated from tradition as being "cultural bolshevism."[1]

After the Nazis seized power in March 1933, Renner was arrested and dismissed from his post in Munich in 1933, and subsequently emigrated to Switzerland. Soon after the book's publication, it was withdrawn from the German book market, until a photo-mechanical reprint was issued by Stroemfeld Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/Basel, in 2003. The new edition included comments by Roland Reuss and Peter Staengle (a main source for these notes).[2]

Typeface specimen Futura

Typefaces

[edit]
  • Architype Renner (1927)
  • Futura (1927)
  • Plak (1930)
  • Futura Black (1929)
  • Futura light (1932)
  • Ballade (1938)
  • Renner Antiqua (1939)

Books

[edit]

All books are German editions.

  • Typographie als Kunst, Munich 1922
  • Mechanisierte Grafik. Schrift, Typo, Foto, Film, Farbe, Berlin 1930
  • Kulturbolschewismus?, Zurich 1932,
  • Die Kunst der Typographie, Berlin 1939, New print Augsburg 2003; ISBN 3-87512-414-6,
  • Das moderne Buch, Lindau 1946,
  • Ordnung und Harmonie der Farben. Eine Farbenlehre für Künstler und Handwerker, Ravensburg 1947
  • Vom Geheimnis der Darstellung, Frankfurt 1955

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Charles, Leonard (Dec 1, 2006). "Paul Renner and Futura: The Effects of Culture, Technology, and Social Continuity on the Design of Type for Printing". Georgia State University. doi:10.57709/1062134.
  2. ^ paul renner: kulturbolschewismus?
[edit]
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