David Dushman: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = David Dushman |
| name = David Dushman |
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| image = |
| image = David Dushman.jpg |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| birth_name = |
| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|04|01|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|04|01|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Free City of Danzig]] (now [[Gdańsk]], [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]]) |
| birth_place = [[Free City of Danzig]] (now [[Gdańsk]], [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]], [[Poland]]) |
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|06|04|1923|04|01|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|06|04|1923|04|01|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Munich]]-[[Neuperlach]], [[Ramersdorf-Perlach]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]] |
| death_place = [[Munich]]-[[Neuperlach]], [[Ramersdorf-Perlach]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]] |
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| nationality = |
| nationality = |
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| other_names = |
| other_names = |
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| occupation = [[Red Army]] soldier, Olympic fencing coach |
| occupation = [[Red Army]] soldier, Olympic fencing coach |
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| years_active = |
| years_active = |
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| known_for = |
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| notable_works = |
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'''David Aleksandrovich Dushman''' ({{ |
'''David Aleksandrovich Dushman''' ({{langx|ru|Давид Александрович Душман}}; 1 April 1923{{sndash}}4 June 2021) was a Jewish-Soviet [[Red Army]] soldier and a [[fencing]] trainer of the Soviet Olympic team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Dushman, Auschwitz liberator who drove a tank through its fence {{!}} Jewish News |url=http://www.jewishnewsva.org/david-dushman-auschwitz-liberator-who-drove-a-tank-through-its-fence/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=www.jewishnewsva.org}}</ref> Dushman assisted in the liberation of the [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]] [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]], and also fought in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] and the [[Battle of Kursk]] during [[World War II]]. |
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== Second World War == |
== Second World War == |
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Dushman |
Dushman was a volunteer in the Red Army as a tank driver, and participated in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] and the [[Battle of Kursk]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]].{{r|auto|dw}} He received more than forty decorations and distinctions, including the [[Order of the Patriotic War]].<ref name="auto"/> |
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In the early afternoon of 27 January 1945, Dushman drove his [[T-34]] tank over the electric fence of [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]] [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]], thereby initiating [[Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp|the liberation of the camp]] by allowing Red Army ground troops in the [[322nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|322nd Rifle Division]] to enter the camp.<ref name="juedische-allgemeine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/unsere-woche/eine-lebende-legende/|archiveurl= |
In the early afternoon of 27 January 1945, Dushman drove his [[T-34]] tank over the electric fence of [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]] [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]], thereby initiating [[Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp|the liberation of the camp]] by allowing Red Army ground troops in the [[322nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|322nd Rifle Division]] to enter the camp.<ref name="juedische-allgemeine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/unsere-woche/eine-lebende-legende/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210607021805/https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/unsere-woche/eine-lebende-legende/|url-status=live|title=Eine lebende Legende|first=Helmut|last=Reister|date=15 April 2021|website=Jüdische Allgemeine|archive-date=7 June 2021|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=To liberate Auschwitz, David Dushman drove a Soviet tank through its barbed wire. Horrors awaited inside.|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/06/07/david-dushman-auschwitz-liberation/|access-date=2021-06-08|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><!-- <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/holocaust-a-949074.html |title="Wir trauten unseren Augen nicht" |author=--><!--Not stated--> <!--|date=26 January 2008 |website= |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] |access-date=6 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref> --><!-- nikolai politanov's account of entering auschwitz via tank in the morning, likely at auschwitz iii-monowitz with the 4th ukrainian front, while dushman was likely with the 1st ukrainian front --> In the camp, he witnessed starving people, piles of dead bodies, and later said "we threw them all our canned food and immediately went on to hunt down the fascists", but was not aware at the time of the real purpose of the camp or the scale of the atrocities.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="dw" /> |
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He suffered severe injuries three times as a result of the war |
He suffered severe injuries three times as a result of the war.<ref name="AP"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2021|title=David Dushman, last surviving Auschwitz liberator, dies aged 98|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2021/0606/1226352-dushman-auschwitz/|access-date=7 June 2021|website=[[RTÉ]]}}</ref><ref name="dw" /> |
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== Fencing career == |
== Fencing career == |
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After the war, Dushman became a professional [[fencing|fencer]]. He was the trainer of the national women's fencing team of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1952 to 1988. In his capacity as fencing trainer at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]], he witnessed the [[Munich massacre]]. He [[Olympic Village, Munich|was housed]] right across from the [[Israel at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Israeli athletes]] and described that he was "horrified" by the events, himself being very conscious of his Jewish background at that time.<ref name="auto"/> |
After the war, Dushman became a professional [[fencing|fencer]]. He was the trainer of the national women's fencing team of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1952 to 1988. In his capacity as fencing trainer at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]], he witnessed the [[Munich massacre]]. He [[Olympic Village, Munich|was housed]] right across from the [[Israel at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Israeli athletes]] and described that he was "horrified" by the events, himself being very conscious of his [[Jewish]] background at that time.<ref name="auto"/> [[Thomas Bach]], [[President of the International Olympic Committee|president]] of the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) and former Olympic fencing champion representing [[West Germany]], recalled that when he met Dushman in 1970, Dushman "immediately offered me friendship and counsel, despite [his] personal experience with World War II and Auschwitz, and he being a man of Jewish origin".<ref name="sports-reference.bach">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200418014836/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/thomas-bach-1.html|url-status=dead|title=Olympics Site Closed | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|website=www.sports-reference.com|archive-date=18 April 2020|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>{{r|timesofisrael}} Bach added that the act was "such a deep human gesture that I will never ever forget it".{{r|timesofisrael|dw}} |
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| ⚫ | Dushman continued to visit his local fencing club to give lessons nearly every day until he was 94, according to the IOC.<ref name="lemonde">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2021/06/06/david-dushman-dernier-liberateur-survivant-du-camp-d-auschwitz-est-mort_6083112_3382.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210607025502/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2021/06/06/david-dushman-dernier-liberateur-survivant-du-camp-d-auschwitz-est-mort_6083112_3382.html|url-status=live|title=David Dushman, dernier libérateur survivant du camp d'Auschwitz, est mort|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=6 June 2021|archive-date=7 June 2021|via=Le Monde|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> |
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[[Thomas Bach]], [[President of the International Olympic Committee|president]] of the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) and former Olympic fencing champion representing [[West Germany]], recalled that when he met Dushman in 1970, Dushman "immediately offered me friendship and counsel, despite [his] personal experience with World War II and Auschwitz, and he being a man of Jewish origin".<ref name="sports-reference.bach">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics.html|archiveurl=http://archive.today/20200418014836/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/thomas-bach-1.html|url-status=dead|title=Olympics Site Closed | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|website=www.sports-reference.com|archive-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>{{r|timesofisrael}} Bach added that the act was "such a deep human gesture that I will never ever forget it".{{r|timesofisrael|dw}} |
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| ⚫ | Dushman continued to visit his local fencing club to give lessons nearly every day until he was 94, according to the IOC.<ref name="lemonde">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2021/06/06/david-dushman-dernier-liberateur-survivant-du-camp-d-auschwitz-est-mort_6083112_3382.html|archiveurl= |
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== Personal life == |
== Personal life == |
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Dushman was born in [[Gdańsk|Danzig]] on {{dts|1923.04.01|format=dmy}}.<ref name="blz">{{Cite web|url= |
Dushman was born in [[Gdańsk|Danzig]] on {{dts|1923.04.01|format=dmy}}.<ref name="blz">{{Cite web |url=https://www.blz.bayern.de/epaper/Einsichten_und_Perspektiven_1_2020/files/assets/basic-html/page-71.html |title=Einsichten und Perspektiven Ausgabe 1 / 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210607110549/https://www.blz.bayern.de/epaper/Einsichten_und_Perspektiven_1_2020/files/assets/basic-html/page-71.html |archive-date=7 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{r|juedische-allgemeine}} His father was a <!-- Jewish -- not in source --> general, sports physician, and military doctor in the Red Army,{{r|auto}} while his mother was a [[pediatrics|pediatrician]].{{r|blz}} Dushman spent part of his childhood in [[Minsk]] before the family moved to [[Moscow]], where his father had been hired to lead the medical center at the [[Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism|state institute for sport]].{{r|blz|auto}} His father was later deported to a [[Gulag]] north of the [[Arctic Circle]] in 1938 during the [[Great Purge]] of [[Joseph Stalin]], where he died ten years later.<ref name="AP"/><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/bayern/auschwitz-befreier-feiert-95-geburtstag-bewegtes-leben-von-david-dushman-art-438214 |title=Auschwitz-Befreier feiert 95. Geburtstag: Bewegtes Leben von David Dushman |author=Helmut Reister |date=30 March 2018 |website= |publisher= |access-date=6 June 2021 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="dw">{{Cite web|date=6 June 2021|title=Last surviving Auschwitz liberator David Dushman dies|url=https://www.dw.com/en/last-surviving-auschwitz-liberator-david-dushman-dies/a-57795354|access-date=7 June 2021|website=DW|language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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Dushman lived in Austria for a few years during the 1990s before moving to [[Munich]].<ref name="timesofisrael">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/david-dushman-last-surviving-auschwitz-liberator-dies-aged-98/|archiveurl= |
Dushman lived in Austria for a few years during the 1990s before moving to [[Munich]].<ref name="timesofisrael">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/david-dushman-last-surviving-auschwitz-liberator-dies-aged-98/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210607024137/https://www.timesofisrael.com/david-dushman-last-surviving-auschwitz-liberator-dies-aged-98/|url-status=live|title=David Dushman, last surviving Auschwitz liberator, dies aged 98|website=www.timesofisrael.com|archive-date=7 June 2021|access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> From 1996 until his death on 4 June 2021, he lived in [[Munich]]-[[Neuperlach]], along with his wife Zoja until her death several years prior.<ref name="AP">{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-sports-government-and-politics-b60e95de7f8da54a8ba3f8fd47e983cb |title=Last of Soviet soldiers who liberated Auschwitz dies at 98 |website=AP News |date=6 June 2021 }}</ref><ref name="dw"/> |
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At the time of his death he was incorrectly labelled by many media organizations as the last surviving [[Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp|liberator]] of the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] |
At the time of his death he was incorrectly labelled by many media organizations as the last surviving [[Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp|liberator]] of the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].<ref>{{Cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2021-06-07|title='Hero of Auschwitz' David Dushman, last surviving liberator of death camp, dies aged 98|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/07/hero-of-auschwitz-david-dushman-last-surviving-liberator-of-death-camp-dies-aged-98|access-date=2021-06-08|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Maria Fleet|title=David Dushman, last surviving liberator of Auschwitz, dies at 98|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/07/europe/david-dushman-auschwitz-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-06-08|website=CNN|date=7 June 2021 }}</ref> However, there were still other liberators of the camp who were alive, including [[Ivan Martynushkin]] who lives in Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web|title=В ФРГ скорбят о смерти одного из последних советских бойцов, освободивших Освенцим {{!}} DW {{!}} 07.06.2021|url=https://www.dw.com/ru/v-frg-skorbjat-o-smerti-poslednego-iz-sovetskih-bojcov-osvobodivshih-osvencim/a-57797436|access-date=2021-06-08|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=ru-RU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=В ФРГ скорбят о смерти одного из последних советских бойцов, освободивших Освенцим|url=https://rus.delfi.ee/a/93668363|access-date=2021-06-08|website=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Щербинина|first=Ольга|date=7 June 2021|title=Умер один из последних советских солдат, освобождавших Освенцим|trans-title=One of the last Soviet soldiers to liberate Auschwitz has died|url=https://tjournal.ru/news/393376-umer-odin-iz-poslednih-sovetskih-soldat-osvobozhdavshih-osvencim|access-date=7 June 2021|website=TJ|quote=В Москве живёт ветеран Второй мировой войны Иван Мартынушкин, который в 1945-м командовал пулемётной ротой 1087-го стрелкового полка и также освобождал Освенцим. 23 декабря ему исполнилось 97 лет.}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]] |
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]] |
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[[Category:Soviet male fencers]] |
[[Category:Soviet male fencers]] |
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[[Category:Soviet Jews]] |
[[Category:Soviet Jews in the military]] |
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[[Category:People from the Free City of Danzig]] |
[[Category:People from the Free City of Danzig]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:53, 2 November 2024
David Dushman | |
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| Born | 1 April 1923 |
| Died | 4 June 2021 (aged 98) |
| Occupation(s) | Red Army soldier, Olympic fencing coach |
David Aleksandrovich Dushman (Russian: Давид Александрович Душман; 1 April 1923 – 4 June 2021) was a Jewish-Soviet Red Army soldier and a fencing trainer of the Soviet Olympic team.[1] Dushman assisted in the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in occupied Poland, and also fought in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk during World War II.
Second World War
[edit]Dushman was a volunteer in the Red Army as a tank driver, and participated in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Kursk during the Second World War.[2][3] He received more than forty decorations and distinctions, including the Order of the Patriotic War.[2]
In the early afternoon of 27 January 1945, Dushman drove his T-34 tank over the electric fence of Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in occupied Poland, thereby initiating the liberation of the camp by allowing Red Army ground troops in the 322nd Rifle Division to enter the camp.[4][5] In the camp, he witnessed starving people, piles of dead bodies, and later said "we threw them all our canned food and immediately went on to hunt down the fascists", but was not aware at the time of the real purpose of the camp or the scale of the atrocities.[2][3]
He suffered severe injuries three times as a result of the war.[6][7][3]
Fencing career
[edit]After the war, Dushman became a professional fencer. He was the trainer of the national women's fencing team of the Soviet Union from 1952 to 1988. In his capacity as fencing trainer at the 1972 Summer Olympics, he witnessed the Munich massacre. He was housed right across from the Israeli athletes and described that he was "horrified" by the events, himself being very conscious of his Jewish background at that time.[2] Thomas Bach, president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and former Olympic fencing champion representing West Germany, recalled that when he met Dushman in 1970, Dushman "immediately offered me friendship and counsel, despite [his] personal experience with World War II and Auschwitz, and he being a man of Jewish origin".[8][9] Bach added that the act was "such a deep human gesture that I will never ever forget it".[9][3]
Dushman continued to visit his local fencing club to give lessons nearly every day until he was 94, according to the IOC.[10]
Personal life
[edit]Dushman was born in Danzig on 1 April 1923.[11][4] His father was a general, sports physician, and military doctor in the Red Army,[2] while his mother was a pediatrician.[11] Dushman spent part of his childhood in Minsk before the family moved to Moscow, where his father had been hired to lead the medical center at the state institute for sport.[11][2] His father was later deported to a Gulag north of the Arctic Circle in 1938 during the Great Purge of Joseph Stalin, where he died ten years later.[6][2][3]
Dushman lived in Austria for a few years during the 1990s before moving to Munich.[9] From 1996 until his death on 4 June 2021, he lived in Munich-Neuperlach, along with his wife Zoja until her death several years prior.[6][3]
At the time of his death he was incorrectly labelled by many media organizations as the last surviving liberator of the Auschwitz concentration camp.[12][13] However, there were still other liberators of the camp who were alive, including Ivan Martynushkin who lives in Moscow.[14][15][16]
References
[edit]- ^ "David Dushman, Auschwitz liberator who drove a tank through its fence | Jewish News". www.jewishnewsva.org. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Helmut Reister (30 March 2018). "Auschwitz-Befreier feiert 95. Geburtstag: Bewegtes Leben von David Dushman". Retrieved 6 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Last surviving Auschwitz liberator David Dushman dies". DW. 6 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ a b Reister, Helmut (15 April 2021). "Eine lebende Legende". Jüdische Allgemeine. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "To liberate Auschwitz, David Dushman drove a Soviet tank through its barbed wire. Horrors awaited inside". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ a b c "Last of Soviet soldiers who liberated Auschwitz dies at 98". AP News. 6 June 2021.
- ^ "David Dushman, last surviving Auschwitz liberator, dies aged 98". RTÉ. 6 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "Olympics Site Closed | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com". www.sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ a b c "David Dushman, last surviving Auschwitz liberator, dies aged 98". www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- ^ "David Dushman, dernier libérateur survivant du camp d'Auschwitz, est mort". Le Monde.fr. 6 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021 – via Le Monde.
- ^ a b c "Einsichten und Perspektiven Ausgabe 1 / 2020". Archived from the original on 7 June 2021.
- ^ "'Hero of Auschwitz' David Dushman, last surviving liberator of death camp, dies aged 98". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 7 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ Maria Fleet (7 June 2021). "David Dushman, last surviving liberator of Auschwitz, dies at 98". CNN. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "В ФРГ скорбят о смерти одного из последних советских бойцов, освободивших Освенцим | DW | 07.06.2021". Deutsche Welle (in Russian). Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ "В ФРГ скорбят о смерти одного из последних советских бойцов, освободивших Освенцим". Delfi. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ Щербинина, Ольга (7 June 2021). "Умер один из последних советских солдат, освобождавших Освенцим" [One of the last Soviet soldiers to liberate Auschwitz has died]. TJ. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
В Москве живёт ветеран Второй мировой войны Иван Мартынушкин, который в 1945-м командовал пулемётной ротой 1087-го стрелкового полка и также освобождал Освенцим. 23 декабря ему исполнилось 97 лет.
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