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{{Short description|2011 musical written by Irving Berlin}}
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{{Infobox musical
{{Infobox musical
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'''''Top Hat the Musical''''' is a 2011 stage [[musical theatre|musical]] based on the [[Top Hat|1935 film of the same name]], featuring music and lyrics by [[Irving Berlin]] with additional orchestration by Chris Walker. The show opened on 16 August 2011 at the [[Milton Keynes Theatre]], touring the [[United Kingdom]] before transferring to the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in [[London]]'s [[West End theatre|West End]]. ''Top Hat'' won multiple [[2013 Laurence Olivier Awards]] after receiving seven nominations. The musical closed in [[London]] on 26 October 2013, with a UK and Ireland tour commencing in August 2014.
'''''Top Hat the Musical''''' is a 2011 stage [[musical theatre|musical]] based on the [[Top Hat|1935 film of the same name]], featuring music & lyrics by [[Irving Berlin]] with additional orchestration by Chris Walker. The show opened on 16 August 2011 at the [[Milton Keynes Theatre]], touring the [[United Kingdom]] before transferring to the [[Aldwych Theatre]] in [[London]]'s [[West End theatre|West End]]. ''Top Hat'' won multiple [[2013 Laurence Olivier Awards]] after receiving seven nominations. The musical closed in [[London]] on 26 October 2013, with a UK and Ireland tour commencing in August 2014.


==Background==
==Background==
The musical is based on the 1935 film of the same name,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/apr/14/this-weeks-new-theatre-dance | title=This week's new theatre and dance | publisher=[[The Guardian]] | work=theguardian.com | date=14 April 2012 | accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref> with music by Irving Berlin.<ref name = "Keynes"/> It took the show's producer, Kenny Wax, sixteen months to obtain the rights from Berlin's estate to adapt the film into a stage musical.<ref name="As">{{cite web | url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/film-and-tv/tom-chambers-takes-classic-astaire-863091 | title=Tom Chambers takes classic Astaire role in Top Hat musical | publisher=Manchester Evening News | work=manchestereveningnews.co.uk | date=15 June 2011 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> A first read-through of the adapted script was held at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]]<ref name="loc">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=p21}}</ref> in November 2010,<ref name="script">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=p8}}</ref> and it was performed for the first time 76 years after the original film.<ref name = "golden"/> The show features fourteen songs by Berlin, six more songs than the original production.<ref name="golden">{{cite news | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/top-hat-return-to-the-golden-age-of-the-musical-6268680.html | title=Top hat! Return to the golden age of the musical | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=independent.co.uk | date=27 November 2011 | accessdate=11 September 2013 | location=London | first=Kate | last=Youde}}</ref> Featuring a 31-person cast,<ref name = "Keynes"/> the production was adapted from the original screenplay by Matthew White and Howard Jacques.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/179363-Olivier-Award-Winning-Top-Hat-to-Shutter-at-West-Ends-Aldwych-Theatre-in-October-New-UK-Tour-to-Follow | title=Olivier Award-Winning Top Hat to Shutter at West End's Aldwych Theatre in October; New U.K. Tour to Follow | publisher=Playbill | work=playbill.com | date=21 June 2013 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> The show was directed by White with choreography by Bill Deamer,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2011/05/tom-chambers-and-summer-strallen-to-star-in-top-hat/ | title=Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen to star in Top Hat | publisher=The Stage | work=thestage.co.uk | date=6 May 2011 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> set designs by Hildegard Bechtler, costume design by Jon Morrell, lighting by Peter Mumford, sound by Gareth Owen, new orchestrations by Chris Walker and musical supervision by Richard Balcombe.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/news/20130621-last-chance-to-see/ | title=LAST CHANCE TO SEE THREE TIMES OLIVIER AWARD-WINNING PRODUCTION TOP HAT | publisher=Top Hat (musical) | work=tophatonstage.com | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref>
The musical is based on the 1935 film of the same name,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/apr/14/this-weeks-new-theatre-dance | title=This week's new theatre and dance | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=14 April 2012 | access-date=11 September 2013}}</ref> with music by Irving Berlin.<ref name = "Keynes"/> It took the show's producer, Kenny Wax, sixteen months to obtain the rights from Berlin's estate to adapt the film into a stage musical.<ref name="As">{{cite web | last=Bourne | first=Dianne | url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/film-and-tv/tom-chambers-takes-classic-astaire-863091 | title=Tom Chambers takes classic Astaire role in Top Hat musical | publisher=Manchester Evening News | work=manchestereveningnews.co.uk | date=15 June 2011 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> A first read-through of the adapted script was held at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre|Sadler's Wells]]<ref name="loc">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=21}}</ref> in November 2010,<ref name="script">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=8}}</ref> and it was performed for the first time 76 years after the original film.<ref name = "golden"/> The show features fourteen songs by Berlin, six more songs than the original production.<ref name="golden">{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/top-hat-return-to-the-golden-age-of-the-musical-6268680.html | title=Top hat! Return to the golden age of the musical | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=independent.co.uk | date=27 November 2011 | access-date=11 September 2013 | location=London | first=Kate | last=Youde}}</ref> Featuring a 31-person cast,<ref name = "Keynes"/> the production was adapted from the original screenplay by Matthew White and Howard Jacques.<ref>{{cite web | last=Shenton | first=Mark | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/olivier-award-winning-top-hat-to-shutter-at-west-ends-aldwych-theatre-in-october-new-uk-tour-to-follow-com-206802 | title=Olivier Award-Winning ''Top Hat'' to Shutter at West End's Aldwych Theatre in October; New U.K. Tour to Follow | publisher=Playbill | work=playbill.com | date=21 June 2013 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> The show was directed by White with choreography by Bill Deamer,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2011/05/tom-chambers-and-summer-strallen-to-star-in-top-hat/ | title=Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen to star in Top Hat | publisher=The Stage | work=thestage.co.uk | date=6 May 2011 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> set designs by Hildegard Bechtler, costume design by Jon Morrell, lighting by Peter Mumford, sound by Gareth Owen, new orchestrations by Chris Walker and musical supervision by Richard Balcombe.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/news/20130621-last-chance-to-see/ | title=LAST CHANCE TO SEE THREE TIMES OLIVIER AWARD-WINNING PRODUCTION TOP HAT | publisher=Top Hat (musical) | work=tophatonstage.com | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref>


The producers for the original tour and the [[West End of London|West End]] production originally approached [[Anton du Beke]] to play Jerry Travers,<ref name="stroppy">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/reviews/article-2139288/A-stroppy-star-night-nerves-terror-stepping-Fred-Astaires-dancing-shoes-Twinkletoes-Tom-Chamber-confides-Petronella-Wyatt.html | title=A stroppy co-star, first-night nerves and the terror of stepping into Fred Astaire's dancing shoes: Twinkletoes Tom Chamber confides in Petronella Wyatt | publisher=Daily Mail | work=dailymail.co.uk | date=4 May 2012 | accessdate=12 September 2013 | location=London}}</ref> before casting ''[[Strictly Come Dancing (series 6)|Strictly Come Dancing]]'' winner [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/taking-on-the-role-of-fred-astaire-in-broadway-1087422 | title=Taking on the role of Fred Astaire in Broadway classic Top Hat is 'a dream come true', says Strictly star Tom Chambers | publisher=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] | work=dailyrecord.co.uk | date=20 November 2011 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> in the role originated by [[Fred Astaire]].<ref name = "stroppy"/> During the competition Chambers was compared to Astaire,<ref name = "As"/> his hero.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scotsman.com/what-s-on/theatre-comedy-dance/chambers-takes-the-long-route-to-finally-walk-in-footsteps-of-his-hero-fred-astaire-1-1971551 | title=Chambers takes the long route to finally walk in footsteps of his hero Fred Astaire | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | work=scotsman.com | date=17 November 2011 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Astaire's daughter was in the audience for the show's opening in [[London]], and described Chambers as "wonderful": "There will always be comparisons, but what this show has done is bring a version to the world to see for the future".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18007668 | title=Top Hat: Fred Astaire's daughter praises Tom Chambers role in musical | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=10 May 2012 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> Two of Berlin's daughters described the show as "a beautiful production": "It could definitely give new life to these songs and to ''Top Hat'' for a younger generation".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/hats-off-to-tom-and-summer-says-fred-astaires-daughter-7733632.html | title=Hats off to Tom and Summer, says Fred Astaire's daughter | publisher=[[London Evening Standard]] | work=standard.co.uk | date=10 May 2012 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref>
The producers for the original tour and the [[West End of London|West End]] production cast ''[[Strictly Come Dancing (series 6)|Strictly Come Dancing]]'' winner [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Hendry | first=Steve | url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/taking-on-the-role-of-fred-astaire-in-broadway-1087422 | title=Taking on the role of Fred Astaire in Broadway classic Top Hat is 'a dream come true', says Strictly star Tom Chambers | publisher=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] | work=dailyrecord.co.uk | date=20 November 2011 | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> in the role originated by [[Fred Astaire]]. During the competition Chambers was compared to Astaire,<ref name = "As"/> his hero.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/chambers-takes-long-route-finally-walk-footsteps-his-hero-fred-astaire-903245 | title=Chambers takes the long route to finally walk in footsteps of his hero Fred Astaire | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | work=scotsman.com | date=17 November 2011 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> Astaire's daughter was in the audience for the show's opening in [[London]], and described Chambers as "wonderful": "There will always be comparisons, but what this show has done is bring a version to the world to see for the future".<ref>{{cite news | last=Masters | first=Tim | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18007668 | title=Top Hat: Fred Astaire's daughter praises Tom Chambers role in musical | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=10 May 2012 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> Two of Berlin's daughters described the show as "a beautiful production": "It could definitely give new life to these songs and to ''Top Hat'' for a younger generation".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/hats-off-to-tom-and-summer-says-fred-astaires-daughter-7733632.html | title=Hats off to Tom and Summer, says Fred Astaire's daughter | publisher=[[London Evening Standard]] | work=standard.co.uk | date=10 May 2012 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref>


==Production history==
==Production history==
The show had its world premiere<ref name="Keynes">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-13386172 | title=Milton Keynes Theatre to stage Top Hat world premiere | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=16 May 2011 | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref> on 16 August 2011<ref name = "Numbers"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/wireless/read.cfm?id=264231 | title=Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen Led TOP HAT Opens 8/16 | publisher=Broadway World | work=broadwayworld.com | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref> at the [[Milton Keynes Theatre]], at the beginning of a 17-week UK tour<ref name = "Keynes"/> stopping in [[Birmingham Hippodrome|Birmingham]], [[Southampton]], [[The Lowry|Salford]], [[Theatre Royal, Plymouth|Plymouth]], [[Theatre Royal, Norwich|Norwich]], [[Marlowe Theatre|Canterbury]], [[Edinburgh Playhouse|Edinburgh]] and [[Grand Theatre, Leeds|Leeds]].<ref name="Tour">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=p34}}</ref> The original cast included [[Summer Strallen]] as Dale Tremont, [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]] as Jerry Travers, [[Martin Ball]] as Horace, Vivien Parry as Madge Hardwick, Ricardo Alfonso as Alberto Beddini and Stephen Boswell as Bates.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/05-2011/musicals-cast-full-london-tenor-top-hat-tour_8969.html | title=Musicals Cast: Full London Tenor, Top Hat Tour | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=13 May 2011 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Cast">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=p18}}</ref> An additional pre-West-End tour took place in spring 2012, at the [[New Victoria Theatre]] in [[Woking]] from 13–17 March and the [[Bristol Hippodrome]] from 21–31 March.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Pre-West-End-Performances-of-TOP-HAT-Begin-Tonight-20120313;?%3E | title=Pre-West-End Performances of TOP HAT Begin Tonight | publisher=Broadway World | work=broadwayworld.com/westend | date=13 March 2012 | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref>
The show had its world premiere<ref name="Keynes">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-13386172 | title=Milton Keynes Theatre to stage Top Hat world premiere | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=16 May 2011 | access-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> on 16 August 2011<ref name = "Numbers"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Tom-Chambers-and-Summer-Strallen-Lead-TOP-HAT-20110815 | title=Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen Led TOP HAT Opens 8/16 | publisher=BroadwayWorld | work=broadwayworld.com | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> at the [[Milton Keynes Theatre]], at the beginning of a 17-week UK tour<ref name = "Keynes"/> stopping in [[Birmingham Hippodrome|Birmingham]], [[Southampton]], [[The Lowry|Salford]], [[Theatre Royal, Plymouth|Plymouth]], [[Theatre Royal, Norwich|Norwich]], [[Marlowe Theatre|Canterbury]], [[Edinburgh Playhouse|Edinburgh]] and [[Grand Theatre, Leeds|Leeds]].<ref name="Tour">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=34}}</ref> The original cast included [[Summer Strallen]] as Dale Tremont, [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]] as Jerry Travers, [[Martin Ball]] as Horace, Vivien Parry as Madge Hardwick, Ricardo Alfonso as Alberto Beddini and Stephen Boswell as Bates.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/05-2011/musicals-cast-full-london-tenor-top-hat-tour_8969.html | title=Musicals Cast: Full London ''Tenor'', ''Top Hat'' Tour | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=13 May 2011 | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Cast">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=18}}</ref> An additional pre-West-End tour took place in spring 2012, at the [[New Victoria Theatre]] in [[Woking]] from 13 to 17 March and the [[Bristol Hippodrome]] from 21 to 31 March.<ref>{{cite web | last=Harding | first=James T | url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Pre-West-End-Performances-of-TOP-HAT-Begin-Tonight-20120313 | title=Pre-West-End Performances of TOP HAT Begin Tonight | publisher=BroadwayWorld | work=broadwayworld.com | date=13 March 2012 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>


The production then moved to the [[West End theatre|West End's]] [[Aldwych Theatre]] on 19 April 2012, with its opening night on 9 May<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2011/11/top-hat-to-transfer-into-the-west-end-next-april/ | title=Top Hat to transfer into the West End next April | publisher=The Stage | work=thestage.co.uk | date=11 November 2011 | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref> and an initial booking until the end of January 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/11-2011/top-hat-comes-to-west-ends-aldwych-after-tour-19-a_6292.html | title=Top Hat Comes to West End's Aldwych After Tour, 19 Apr | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=10 November 2011 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> [[Charlotte Gooch]] took over the role of Dale Tremont in November 2012;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/no12/tophat111668.htm | title=Top Hat cast changes Charlotte Gooch & Gavin Lee | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=2 November 2012 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> on 5 February 2013 [[Gavin Lee]] took over the role of Jerry,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/171804-Gavin-Lee-to-Join-West-Ends-Top-Hat-Charlotte-Gooch-Also-Takes-Over | title=Gavin Lee to Join West End's Top Hat; Charlotte Gooch Also Takes Over | publisher=[[Playbill]] | work=playbill.com | date=2 November 2012 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] star [[Kristen Beth Williams]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/173715-Kristen-Beth-Williams-Alex-Gaumond-and-Clive-Hayward-Will-Join-Gavin-Lee-in-West-Ends-Top-Hat | title=Kristen Beth Williams, Alex Gaumond and Clive Hayward Will Join Gavin Lee in West End's Top Hat | publisher=Playbilll | work=playbill.com | date=7 January 2013 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> took over as Dale,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://london.broadway.com/buzz/166461/nice-works-kristen-beth-williams-to-romance-gavin-lee-as-new-star-of-the-west-ends-top-hat/ | title=Nice Work's Kristen Beth Williams to Romance Gavin Lee as New Star of the West End’s Top Hat | publisher=Broadway.Com | work=london.broadway.com | date=7 January 2013 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> [[Clive Hayward]] became Horace and [[Alex Gaumond]] became Alberto.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/ja13/tophat111703.htm | title=Top Hat cast changes at the Aldwych Theatre from 5 Feb | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=7 January 2013 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> A final cast change took place after Gaumond left to play [[Miss Trunchbull]] in ''[[Matilda the Musical]]'':<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/06-2013/alex-gaumond-and-kay-murphy-join-matilda-cast-from_30938.html | title=Alex Gaumond and Kay Murphy join Matilda cast from September | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=10 June 2013 | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Russell-Leighton Dixon, previously the [[understudy]] for Alberto,<ref name = "Cast"/> took over the part.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/team/ | title=Cast & Creative | publisher=Top Hat (musical) | work=tophatonstage.com | accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Although the production's run had been extended until April 2014,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/ja13/tophat111722.htm | title=Top Hat extends its booking period to 26 April 2014 | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=30 January 2013 | accessdate=12 September 2013}}</ref> it closed on 26 October 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/06-2013/top-hat-confirms-october-closure-at-aldwych_31084.html | title=Top Hat confirms October closure at Aldwych | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=21 June 2013 | accessdate=9 September 2013}}</ref>
The production then moved to the [[West End theatre|West End's]] [[Aldwych Theatre]] on 19 April 2012, with its opening night on 9 May<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2011/11/top-hat-to-transfer-into-the-west-end-next-april/ | title=Top Hat to transfer into the West End next April | publisher=The Stage | work=thestage.co.uk | date=11 November 2011 | access-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> and an initial booking until the end of January 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/11-2011/top-hat-comes-to-west-ends-aldwych-after-tour-19-a_6292.html | title=Top Hat Comes to West End's Aldwych After Tour, 19 Apr | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=10 November 2011 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> [[Charlotte Gooch]] took over the role of Dale Tremont in November 2012;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/no12/tophat111668.htm | title=Top Hat cast changes Charlotte Gooch & Gavin Lee | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=2 November 2012 | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> on 5 February 2013 [[Gavin Lee]] took over the role of Jerry,<ref>{{cite web | last=Shenton | first=Mark | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/gavin-lee-to-join-west-ends-top-hat-charlotte-gooch-also-takes-over-com-199356 | title=Gavin Lee to Join West End's ''Top Hat''; Charlotte Gooch Also Takes Over | publisher=[[Playbill]] | work=playbill.com | date=2 November 2012 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] star [[Kristen Beth Williams]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Shenton | first=Mark | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/kristen-beth-williams-alex-gaumond-and-clive-hayward-will-join-gavin-lee-in-west-ends-top-hat-com-200704 | title=Kristen Beth Williams, Alex Gaumond and Clive Hayward Will Join Gavin Lee in West End's ''Top Hat'' | publisher=Playbilll | work=playbill.com | date=7 January 2013 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> took over as Dale,<ref>{{cite web | last=Ferri | first=Josh | url=https://www.broadway.com/buzz/166461/nice-works-kristen-beth-williams-to-romance-gavin-lee-as-new-star-of-the-west-ends-top-hat/ | title=''Nice Work''{{'}}s Kristen Beth Williams to Romance Gavin Lee as New Star of the West End's ''Top Hat'' | publisher=Broadway.com | work=broadway.com | date=7 January 2013 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> [[Clive Hayward]] became Horace and [[Alex Gaumond]] became Alberto.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/ja13/tophat111703.htm | title=Top Hat cast changes at the Aldwych Theatre from 5 Feb | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=7 January 2013 | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> A final cast change took place after Gaumond left to play [[Miss Trunchbull]] in ''[[Matilda the Musical]]'':<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/06-2013/alex-gaumond-and-kay-murphy-join-matilda-cast-from_30938.html | title=Alex Gaumond and Kay Murphy join Matilda cast from September | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=10 June 2013 | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> Russell-Leighton Dixon, previously the [[understudy]] for Alberto,<ref name = "Cast"/> took over the part.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/team/ | title=Cast & Creative | publisher=Top Hat (musical) | work=tophatonstage.com | access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> Although the production's run had been extended until April 2014,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.londontheatre.co.uk/londontheatre/news/ja13/tophat111722.htm | title=Top Hat extends its booking period to 26 April 2014 | publisher=London Theatre | work=londontheatre.co.uk | date=30 January 2013 | access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> it closed on 26 October 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/06-2013/top-hat-confirms-october-closure-at-aldwych_31084.html | title=Top Hat confirms October closure at Aldwych | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=21 June 2013 | access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref>


A further 47-week tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland commenced at the [[New Wimbledon Theatre]], on 12 August 2014, running until July 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/production/2014/05/alan-burkitt-charlotte-gooch-star-top-hat-tour/ | title=Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch to star in Top Hat tour | publisher=[[The Stage]] | work=thestage.co.uk | date=29 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref> Featuring a new cast, the production visited [[New Wimbledon Theatre|Wimbledon]], [[Milton Keynes Theatre|Milton Keynes]], [[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Newcastle]], [[His Majesty's Theatre|Aberdeen]], [[Edinburgh Festival Theatre|Edinburgh]], [[Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton|Wolverhampton]], [[Theatre Royal, Nottingham|Nottingham]], [[Bristol Hippodrome|Bristol]], [[King's Theatre, Glasgow|Glasgow]], [[Grand Theatre, Leeds|Leeds]], [[Wales Millennium Centre|Cardiff]], [[New Theatre Oxford|Oxford]], [[Manchester Opera House|Manchester]], [[Lyceum Theatre (Sheffield)|Sheffield]], [[Birmingham Hippodrome|Birmingham]], [[Theatre Royal, Norwich|Norwich]], [[Marlowe Theatre|Canterbury]], [[Theatre Royal, Plymouth|Plymouth]], [[Mayflower Theatre|Southampton]], [[Bord Gáis Energy Theatre|Dublin]], [[Grand Opera House, Belfast|Belfast]], [[Sunderland Empire Theatre|Sunderland]], [[New Victoria Theatre|Woking]] and [[Congress Theatre (Eastbourne)|Eastbourne]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/05-2014/alan-burkitt-charlotte-gooch-top-hat-uk-tour_34590.html | title=Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch lead new Top Hat tour | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=29 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref> The tour was led by Charlotte Gooch, who reprises the role of Dale, Alan Burkitt as Jerry, Clive Hayward as Horace Hardwick, Rebecca Thornhill as Madge Hardwick, Sebastien Torkia as Alberton Beddini and John Conroy as Bates.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Burkitt-And-Gooch-Lead-Cast-In-UK-Tour-of-TOP-HAT-20140529#.U4esM_2FX8s | title=Burkitt And Gooch Lead Cast In UK Tour of TOP HAT! | publisher=Broadway World | work=broadwayworld.com | date=29 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
A further 47-week tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland commenced at the [[New Wimbledon Theatre]], on 12 August 2014, running until July 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/production/2014/05/alan-burkitt-charlotte-gooch-star-top-hat-tour/ | title=Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch to star in Top Hat tour | publisher=[[The Stage]] | work=thestage.co.uk | date=29 May 2014 | access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref> Featuring a new cast, the production visited [[New Wimbledon Theatre|Wimbledon]], [[Milton Keynes Theatre|Milton Keynes]], [[Theatre Royal, Newcastle|Newcastle]], [[His Majesty's Theatre, Aberdeen|Aberdeen]], [[Edinburgh Festival Theatre|Edinburgh]], [[Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton|Wolverhampton]], [[Theatre Royal, Nottingham|Nottingham]], [[Bristol Hippodrome|Bristol]], [[King's Theatre, Glasgow|Glasgow]], [[Grand Theatre, Leeds|Leeds]], [[Wales Millennium Centre|Cardiff]], [[New Theatre Oxford|Oxford]], [[Manchester Opera House|Manchester]], [[Lyceum Theatre (Sheffield)|Sheffield]], [[Birmingham Hippodrome|Birmingham]], [[Theatre Royal, Norwich|Norwich]], [[Marlowe Theatre|Canterbury]], [[Theatre Royal, Plymouth|Plymouth]], [[Mayflower Theatre|Southampton]], [[Bord Gáis Energy Theatre|Dublin]], [[Grand Opera House, Belfast|Belfast]], [[Sunderland Empire Theatre|Sunderland]], [[New Victoria Theatre|Woking]] and [[Congress Theatre (Eastbourne)|Eastbourne]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/05-2014/alan-burkitt-charlotte-gooch-top-hat-uk-tour_34590.html | title=Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch lead new Top Hat tour | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=29 May 2014 | access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref> The tour was led by Charlotte Gooch, who reprises the role of Dale, Alan Burkitt as Jerry, Clive Hayward as Horace Hardwick, Rebecca Thornhill as Madge Hardwick, Sebastien Torkia as Alberton Beddini and John Conroy as Bates.<ref>{{cite web | last=Dunn | first=Carrie | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Burkitt-And-Gooch-Lead-Cast-In-UK-Tour-of-TOP-HAT-20140529#.U4esM_2FX8s | title=Burkitt And Gooch Lead Cast In UK Tour of TOP HAT! | publisher=BroadwayWorld | work=broadwayworld.com | date=29 May 2014 | access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref>

;Other productions
*In 2015, the production by Japanese all-female theatre troupe [[Takarazuka Revue]] was staged in Umeda Fine Arts and Akasaka ACT Theater; it was directed by Yoshimasa Saitou and featured Cosmos Troupe's Manato Asaka as Jerry Travers and Rion Misaki as Dale Tremont.<ref>{{cite web |title=TOP HAT |url=https://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/revue/2015/tophat/index.html |website=Takarazuka Revue Official Website |publisher=Hankyu Corporation |access-date=May 26, 2024}}</ref> In 2022, it was staged again in Umeda Arts Theater; it was directed by Yoshimasa Saitou and featured Flower Troupe's Rei Yuzuka as Jerry Travers and Madoka Hoshikaze as Dale Tremont.<ref>{{cite web |title=ミュージカル TOP HAT (2022) |url=https://kageki.hankyu.co.jp/revue/2022/tophat/index.html |website=Takarazuka Revue Official Website |publisher=Hankyu Corporation |access-date=May 26, 2024}}</ref>


==Music==
==Music==
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{{col-begin}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
; Act I<ref name="Numbers">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=p17}}</ref>
; Act I<ref name="Numbers">{{cite journal |journal=Top Hat World Premier Production Programme |title=Top Hat |date=November 2011 |page=17}}</ref>
; New York, USA
; New York, USA
* "You Can't Brush Me Off"
* "You Can't Brush Me Off"
Line 61: Line 66:


===Cast album===
===Cast album===
Featuring 18 tracks from the London production of Top Hat,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Sneak-Preview-West-Ends-TOP-HAT-Cast-Album-Streams-on-Facebook-20120824 | title=Sneak Preview West End's TOP HAT Cast Album Streams on Facebook! | publisher=Broadway World | work=broadwayworld.com | date=24 August 2012 | accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> the cast album was released by First Night Records<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/168739-London-Cast-Recordings-of-Singin39-in-the-Rain-and-Top-Hat-to-Be-Released-Track-Listings-Announced | title=London Cast Recordings of Singin' in the Rain and Top Hat to Be Released; Track Listings Announced | publisher=Playbill | work=playbill.com | date=3 August 2012 | accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref> on 27 August 2012.<ref name="Cast">{{cite web | url=http://blog.musicaltheatrenews.com/2012/08/top-hat-london-cast-recording.html | title=Top Hat London Cast Recording | publisher=Musical Theatre News | work=musicaltheatrenews.com | date=13 August 2012 | accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref>
Featuring 18 tracks from the London production of Top Hat,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/westend/article/Sneak-Preview-West-Ends-TOP-HAT-Cast-Album-Streams-on-Facebook-20120824 | title=Sneak Preview West End's TOP HAT Cast Album Streams on Facebook! | publisher=BroadwayWorld | work=broadwayworld.com | date=24 August 2012 | access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref> the cast album was released by First Night Records<ref>{{cite web | last=Hetrick | first=Adam | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/london-cast-recordings-of-singin-in-the-rain-and-top-hat-to-be-released-track-listings-announced-com-196332 | title=London Cast Recordings of ''Singin' in the Rain'' and ''Top Hat'' to Be Released; Track Listings Announced | publisher=Playbill | work=playbill.com | date=3 August 2012 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> on 27 August 2012.<ref name="Cast recording">{{cite web | url=http://blog.musicaltheatrenews.com/2012/08/top-hat-london-cast-recording.html | title=Top Hat London Cast Recording | publisher=Musical Theatre News | work=musicaltheatrenews.com | date=13 August 2012 | access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
{{Infobox album
| Name =Top Hat - The Musical (Original London Cast Recording)
| name = Top Hat - The Musical (Original London Cast Recording)
| Type = soundtrack
| type = soundtrack
| Longtype = cast recording
| longtype = cast recording
| Artist = Various
| artist = Various
| Cover =Top Hat (Cast Cd).jpg
| cover = Top Hat (Cast Cd).jpg
⚫
| alt =
| Released ={{Start date|df=yes|2012|08|27}}
| Length = {{duration|m=45|s=12}}
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|08|27}}
| recorded =
⚫
| Label =First Night Records
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = {{duration|m=45|s=12}}
⚫
| label = First Night Records
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
}}
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
⚫
| collapsed = no
| lyrics_credits = no
| music_credits = no
| extra_column =
| extra_column =
| title1 =Overture
| title1 =Overture
Line 115: Line 127:
}}
}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}

==Principal roles and cast members==
==Principal roles and cast members==
The show features a cast of thirty one and a fifteen member band.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/news/20121009-over-180000-new-tickets/ | title=OVER 180,000 NEW TICKETS RELEASED FOR WEST END’S TOP HAT | publisher=Top Hat | work=tophatonstage.com | accessdate=13 September 2013}}</ref>
The show features a cast of thirty one and a fifteen-member band.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tophatonstage.com/news/20121009-over-180000-new-tickets/ | title=OVER 180,000 NEW TICKETS RELEASED FOR WEST END'S TOP HAT | publisher=Top Hat | work=tophatonstage.com | access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | Main characters
! scope="col" | Main characters
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Original West End actor
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Original West End actor
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | 2014-2015 UK & Ireland Tour actor<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/191665-Olivier-Winning-Top-Hat-Will-Tour-Complete-Cast-Announced | title=Olivier-Winning Top Hat Will Tour; Complete Cast Announced | publisher=[[Playbill]] | work=playbill.com | date=29 May 2014 | accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | 2014–2015 UK & Ireland Tour actor<ref>{{cite web | last=Shenton | first=Mark | url=https://www.playbill.com/article/olivier-winning-top-hat-will-tour-complete-cast-announced-com-218845 | title=Olivier-Winning ''Top Hat'' Will Tour; Complete Cast Announced | publisher=[[Playbill]] | work=playbill.com | date=29 May 2014 | access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row"|Jerry Travers
! scope="row"|Jerry Travers
Line 149: Line 162:


==Critical reception==
==Critical reception==
After its world premiere, most ''Top Hat'' critics appreciated the spectacle but agreed that the plot was weak; “the plot, for want of a better word, doesn't bear too much close inspection”, said Christopher Hart in the ''Sunday Times''.<ref>[http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/culture/arts/theatre/article1034467.ece Top Hat, Aldwych | The Sunday Times<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The musical was also criticised for its length. “The second half could be cut down by a good 15 minutes“, according to ''Exeunt'' magazine.<ref>[http://exeuntmagazine.com/reviews/top-hat/ Review of Top Hat at Aldwych Theatre | Exeunt Magazine<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
After its world premiere, most ''Top Hat'' critics appreciated the spectacle but agreed that the plot was weak; "the plot, for want of a better word, doesn't bear too much close inspection", said [[Christopher Hart (novelist)|Christopher Hart]] in the ''Sunday Times''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hart |first=Christopher |title=Top Hat, Aldwych |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/culture/arts/theatre/article1034467.ece |website=The Sunday Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104174015/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/culture/arts/theatre/article1034467.ece |archive-date=4 November 2013 |date=13 May 2012}}</ref> The musical was also criticised for its length. "The second half could be cut down by a good 15 minutes", according to ''Exeunt'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rank |first=Julia |title=Top Hat |url=http://exeuntmagazine.com/reviews/top-hat/ |website=Exeunt |date=10 May 2012}}</ref>


Michael Billington of ''The Guardian'' wrote, “The evening can be quickly summed up as 'great songs, daft book'".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2012/may/10/top-hat-review | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Michael | last=Billington | title=Top Hat - review | date=9 May 2012}}</ref> Paul Taylor of ''The Independent'' said, “The producers of this irresistible show, a freely adapted version of the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movie, don't subscribe to the precept of deferred gratification”.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/top-hat-aldwych-theatre-london-wc2-7763608.html | location=London | work=The Independent | title=Top Hat, Aldwych Theatre, London WC2 - Reviews - Theatre & Dance - The Independent}}</ref> ''London Evening Standard'' critic Henry Hitchings described the show as “a bit slow hitting its stride”.<ref>[http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/top-hat-aldwych--review-7733159.html Top Hat, Aldwych - review - Theatre - Going Out - London Evening Standard<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
[[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]] of ''The Guardian'' wrote, "The evening can be quickly summed up as 'great songs, daft book'".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/may/10/top-hat-review | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Michael | last=Billington | title=Top Hat - review | date=9 May 2012}}</ref> Paul Taylor of ''The Independent'' said, "The producers of this irresistible show, a freely adapted version of the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movie, don't subscribe to the precept of deferred gratification".<ref>{{cite news| last=Taylor | first=Paul | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/top-hat-aldwych-theatre-london-wc2-7763608.html | location=London | work=The Independent | title=Top Hat, Aldwych Theatre, London WC2 | date=17 May 2012}}</ref> ''London Evening Standard'' critic Henry Hitchings described the show as "a bit slow hitting its stride".<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Hat, Aldwych - review |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/theatre/top-hat-aldwych-review-7733159.html |website=Evening Standard |date=10 May 2012}}</ref>


''Top Hat'' received positive reviews on blogs, with Zoe Craig describing it on the ''Londonist'' as “pure, fun, cheery escapist entertainment”.<ref>[https://londonist.com/2012/05/theatre-review-top-hat-the-aldwych-theatre.php Theatre Review: Top Hat @ The Aldwych Theatre | Londonist<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Bechtler's set design and Deamer’s choreography were praised (“This clever collaboration is clearly evident in every scene transition as the cast dance and interact with the set, making the whole changeover seem like a fluid part of the story")<ref>[http://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/top-hat-review Top Hat Review - Best of Theatre News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> on ''BestOfTheatre''.
''Top Hat'' received positive reviews on blogs, with Zoe Craig describing it on the ''Londonist'' as "pure, fun, cheery escapist entertainment".<ref>{{cite web |last=Craig |first=Zoe |title=Theatre Review: Top Hat @ The Aldwych Theatre |url=https://londonist.com/2012/05/theatre-review-top-hat-the-aldwych-theatre |website=Londonist |date=18 May 2012}}</ref> Bechtler's set design and Deamer's choreography were praised ("This clever collaboration is clearly evident in every scene transition as the cast dance and interact with the set, making the whole changeover seem like a fluid part of the story") on ''BestOfTheatre''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mitford |first=Oliver |title=Top Hat Review |url=https://www.bestoftheatre.co.uk/blog/post/top-hat-review |website=BestOfTheatre.co.uk |date=17 June 2013}}</ref>


==Awards and nominations==
==Awards and nominations==
Despite its mixed reception by critics, ''Top Hat'' won the Best Night Out award at the Evening Standard Theatre Awards in 2012,<ref name="Ev">{{cite web | url=http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/top-hat-wins-best-night-out-title-in-evening-standard-theatre-awards-8352067.html | title=Top Hat wins Best Night Out title in Evening Standard Theatre Awards | publisher=[[London Evening Standard]] | work=standard.co.uk | date=26 November 2012 | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref> won the 2013 Olivier Award<ref>[http://www.olivierawards.com/news/view/item183913/hats-off-to-best-new-musical/ Hats off to Best New Musical – Laurence Olivier Awards<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> for [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical|Best New Musical]], [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer|Best Choreographer]] (Bill Deamer) and Best Costume Design (Jon Morrell).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22331302 | title=Oliviers: Mirren crowned best actress, Curious Incident wins seven | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=29 April 2013 | accessdate=9 September 2013}}</ref> The musical was also nominated for five [[Whatsonstage.com Awards]].<ref name = "Whit"/>
Despite its mixed reception by critics, ''Top Hat'' won the Best Night Out award at the Evening Standard Theatre Awards in 2012,<ref name="Ev">{{cite web | last=Moore | first=William | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/theatre/top-hat-wins-best-night-out-title-in-evening-standard-theatre-awards-8352067.html | title=Top Hat wins Best Night Out title in Evening Standard Theatre Awards | publisher=[[London Evening Standard]] | work=standard.co.uk | date=26 November 2012 | access-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> won the 2013 Olivier Award<ref>{{cite web |title=Hats off to Best New Musical |url=https://officiallondontheatre.com/olivier-awards/news/hats-off-to-best-new-musical-183913/ |website=Official London Theatre |date=26 April 2013}}</ref> for [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical|Best New Musical]], [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer|Best Choreographer]] (Bill Deamer) and Best Costume Design (Jon Morrell).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22331302 | title=Oliviers: Mirren crowned best actress, Curious Incident wins seven | publisher=[[BBC News]] | work=bbc.co.uk/news | date=29 April 2013 | access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref> The musical was also nominated for five [[WhatsOnStage Awards]].<ref name="Whit">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/9729988/Whitney-Houston-musical-The-Bodyguard-up-for-six-Whatsonstage.com-awards.html | title=Whitney Houston musical, The Bodyguard, up for six Whatsonstage.com awards | publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | work=telegraph.co.uk | date=7 December 2012 | access-date=10 September 2013 | location=London}}</ref>


===Original London production===
===Original London production===
Line 163: Line 176:
! width="5%"| Year
! width="5%"| Year
! width="20%"| Award
! width="20%"| Award
! width="45%"| Category
! width="40%"| Category
! width="20%"| Nominee
! width="20%"| Nominee
! width="10%"| Result
! width="10%"| Result
! width="5%"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|-
| align="center"|2012
| align="center"|2012
| Evening Standard Theatre Awards
| Evening Standard Theatre Awards
| colspan="2"| Best Night Out
| colspan="2"| Best Night Out
| {{won}}<ref name = "Ev"/>
| {{won}}
| <ref name = "Ev"/>
|-
|-
| rowspan="12" align="center"| 2013
| rowspan="12" align="center"| 2013
| rowspan="7"| [[Laurence Olivier Award]]
| rowspan="7"| [[Laurence Olivier Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical|Best New Musical]]<ref name="Oli">{{cite web | url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/mar/26/olivier-awards-2013-nominations | title=Olivier awards 2013 full nomination | publisher=[[The Guardian]] | work=theguardian.com | date=26 March 2013 | accessdate=9 September 2013}}</ref>
| colspan="2"| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical|Best New Musical]]
| {{won}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{won}}
⚫
| rowspan="7"|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/mar/26/olivier-awards-2013-nominations | title=Olivier awards 2013 – full nominations | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=26 March 2013 | access-date=9 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/10023667/Olivier-Awards-2013-The-results-in-full.html | title=Olivier Awards 2013: The results in full | publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | work=telegraph.co.uk | date=28 April 2013 | access-date=9 September 2013 | location=London | first=Hannah | last=Furness}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical|Best Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical|Best Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]
| {{nom}}
⚫
| {{nom}}<ref name="Res">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/10023667/Olivier-Awards-2013-The-results-in-full.html | title=Olivier Awards 2013: The results in full | publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | work=telegraph.co.uk | date=28 April 2013 | accessdate=9 September 2013 | location=London | first=Hannah | last=Furness}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Actress in a Musical]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical|Best Actress in a Musical]]
| [[Summer Strallen]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Summer Strallen]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Set Design|Best Set Design]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Set Design|Best Set Design]]
| [[Hildegard Bechtler]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Hildegard Bechtler]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]
| [[Gareth Owen (sound designer)|Gareth Owen]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Gareth Owen (sound designer)|Gareth Owen]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| [[Jon Morrell]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Jon Morrell]]
| {{Won}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{Won}}
|-
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
| [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
| [[Bill Deamer]]<ref name = "Oli"/>
| [[Bill Deamer]]
| {{Won}}<ref name = "Res"/>
| {{Won}}
|-
|-
| rowspan="5"| [[Whatsonstage.com Awards]]
| rowspan="5"| [[WhatsOnStage Awards]]
| colspan="2"| Best New Musical
| colspan="2"| Best New Musical<ref name="Whit">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-news/9729988/Whitney-Houston-musical-The-Bodyguard-up-for-six-Whatsonstage.com-awards.html | title=Whitney Houston musical, The Bodyguard, up for six Whatsonstage.com awards | publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | work=telegraph.co.uk | date=7 December 2012 | accessdate=10 September 2013 | location=London}}</ref>
| {{nom}}
| {{nom}}<ref name="What">{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/02-2013/full-list-winners-announced-of-the-2013-whatsonsta_1163.html | title=Full list: Winners announced of the 2013 Whatsonstage.com Awards | publisher=Whats On Stage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=17 February 2013 | accessdate=10 September 2013}}</ref>
| rowspan="5"|<ref name="Whit"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/02-2013/full-list-winners-announced-of-the-2013-whatsonsta_1163.html | title=Full list: Winners announced of the 2013 Whatsonstage.com Awards | publisher=WhatsOnStage | work=whatsonstage.com | date=17 February 2013 | access-date=10 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Best Actor in a Musical
| Best Actor in a Musical
| [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]<ref name = "Whit"/>
| [[Tom Chambers (actor)|Tom Chambers]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "What"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| Best Supporting Actor in a Musical
| Best Supporting Actor in a Musical
| [[Ricardo Afonso]]<ref name = "Whit"/>
| [[Ricardo Afonso]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "What"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| Best Supporting Actress in a Musical
| Best Supporting Actress in a Musical
| [[Vivien Parry]]<ref name = "Whit"/>
| [[Vivien Parry]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "What"/>
| {{nom}}
|-
|-
| Best Choreographer
| Best Choreographer
| [[Bill Deamer]]<ref name = "Whit"/>
| [[Bill Deamer]]
| {{nom}}<ref name = "What"/>
| {{nom}}
|}
|}


Line 227: Line 244:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.tophatonstage.com}}
* {{official website|http://www.tophatonstage.com}}
* {{Twitter|TopHatOnStage}}


{{Irving Berlin}}
{{Irving Berlin}}
{{OlivierAward Musical 2001–2025}}
{{OlivierAward Musical 2001–2025}}


[[Category:Musicals by Irving Berlin]]
[[Category:2011 musicals]]
[[Category:2011 musicals]]
[[Category:West End musicals]]
[[Category:West End musicals]]
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award winning musicals]]
[[Category:Laurence Olivier Award–winning musicals]]
[[Category:Musicals based on films]]
[[Category:Musicals based on films]]
[[Category:Musicals set in London]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 2 November 2024

Top Hat
Advertising poster for the original West End cast at the Aldwych Theatre, London
MusicIrving Berlin
LyricsIrving Berlin
BookDwight Taylor/Allan Scott
(original screenplay)
Matthew White/Howard Jacques
(adaptation)
BasisRKOs film musical Top Hat
Premiere16 August 2011 (2011-08-16): Milton Keynes Theatre
Productions2011 - UK tour
2012 - West End
2014 - UK & Ireland tour
AwardsLaurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical

Top Hat the Musical is a 2011 stage musical based on the 1935 film of the same name, featuring music & lyrics by Irving Berlin with additional orchestration by Chris Walker. The show opened on 16 August 2011 at the Milton Keynes Theatre, touring the United Kingdom before transferring to the Aldwych Theatre in London's West End. Top Hat won multiple 2013 Laurence Olivier Awards after receiving seven nominations. The musical closed in London on 26 October 2013, with a UK and Ireland tour commencing in August 2014.

Background

[edit]

The musical is based on the 1935 film of the same name,[1] with music by Irving Berlin.[2] It took the show's producer, Kenny Wax, sixteen months to obtain the rights from Berlin's estate to adapt the film into a stage musical.[3] A first read-through of the adapted script was held at Sadler's Wells[4] in November 2010,[5] and it was performed for the first time 76 years after the original film.[6] The show features fourteen songs by Berlin, six more songs than the original production.[6] Featuring a 31-person cast,[2] the production was adapted from the original screenplay by Matthew White and Howard Jacques.[7] The show was directed by White with choreography by Bill Deamer,[8] set designs by Hildegard Bechtler, costume design by Jon Morrell, lighting by Peter Mumford, sound by Gareth Owen, new orchestrations by Chris Walker and musical supervision by Richard Balcombe.[9]

The producers for the original tour and the West End production cast Strictly Come Dancing winner Tom Chambers[10] in the role originated by Fred Astaire. During the competition Chambers was compared to Astaire,[3] his hero.[11] Astaire's daughter was in the audience for the show's opening in London, and described Chambers as "wonderful": "There will always be comparisons, but what this show has done is bring a version to the world to see for the future".[12] Two of Berlin's daughters described the show as "a beautiful production": "It could definitely give new life to these songs and to Top Hat for a younger generation".[13]

Production history

[edit]

The show had its world premiere[2] on 16 August 2011[14][15] at the Milton Keynes Theatre, at the beginning of a 17-week UK tour[2] stopping in Birmingham, Southampton, Salford, Plymouth, Norwich, Canterbury, Edinburgh and Leeds.[16] The original cast included Summer Strallen as Dale Tremont, Tom Chambers as Jerry Travers, Martin Ball as Horace, Vivien Parry as Madge Hardwick, Ricardo Alfonso as Alberto Beddini and Stephen Boswell as Bates.[17][18] An additional pre-West-End tour took place in spring 2012, at the New Victoria Theatre in Woking from 13 to 17 March and the Bristol Hippodrome from 21 to 31 March.[19]

The production then moved to the West End's Aldwych Theatre on 19 April 2012, with its opening night on 9 May[20] and an initial booking until the end of January 2013.[21] Charlotte Gooch took over the role of Dale Tremont in November 2012;[22] on 5 February 2013 Gavin Lee took over the role of Jerry,[23] Broadway star Kristen Beth Williams[24] took over as Dale,[25] Clive Hayward became Horace and Alex Gaumond became Alberto.[26] A final cast change took place after Gaumond left to play Miss Trunchbull in Matilda the Musical:[27] Russell-Leighton Dixon, previously the understudy for Alberto,[18] took over the part.[28] Although the production's run had been extended until April 2014,[29] it closed on 26 October 2013.[30]

A further 47-week tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland commenced at the New Wimbledon Theatre, on 12 August 2014, running until July 2015.[31] Featuring a new cast, the production visited Wimbledon, Milton Keynes, Newcastle, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Wolverhampton, Nottingham, Bristol, Glasgow, Leeds, Cardiff, Oxford, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Norwich, Canterbury, Plymouth, Southampton, Dublin, Belfast, Sunderland, Woking and Eastbourne.[32] The tour was led by Charlotte Gooch, who reprises the role of Dale, Alan Burkitt as Jerry, Clive Hayward as Horace Hardwick, Rebecca Thornhill as Madge Hardwick, Sebastien Torkia as Alberton Beddini and John Conroy as Bates.[33]

Other productions
  • In 2015, the production by Japanese all-female theatre troupe Takarazuka Revue was staged in Umeda Fine Arts and Akasaka ACT Theater; it was directed by Yoshimasa Saitou and featured Cosmos Troupe's Manato Asaka as Jerry Travers and Rion Misaki as Dale Tremont.[34] In 2022, it was staged again in Umeda Arts Theater; it was directed by Yoshimasa Saitou and featured Flower Troupe's Rei Yuzuka as Jerry Travers and Madoka Hoshikaze as Dale Tremont.[35]

Music

[edit]

Musical numbers

[edit]

The performance runs 2hrs 45mins, including one interval.[14]

Cast album

[edit]

Featuring 18 tracks from the London production of Top Hat,[36] the cast album was released by First Night Records[37] on 27 August 2012.[38]

Top Hat - The Musical (Original London Cast Recording)
Soundtrack album cast recording by
Various
Released27 August 2012 (2012-08-27)
Length45:12
LabelFirst Night Records
No.TitleLength
1."Overture"2:50
2."Puttin' On the Ritz"2:59
3."No Strings (I'm Fancy Free)"2:53
4."No Strings (Reprise)"1:31
5."I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket"2:08
6."Isn't This a Lovely Day (To Be Caught in the Rain)?"3:44
7."You're Easy to Dance With"2:59
8."What Is Love?"2:02
9."Top Hat, White Tie and Tails"3:46
10."The Piccolino"2:36
11."Wild About You"2:30
12."Cheek to Cheek"4:26
13."Better Luck Next Time"3:03
14."Latins Know How"2:29
15."Let's Face the Music and Dance"2:57
16."Outside of That, I Love You"3:09
17."I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket (Reprise)"1:24
18."Finale"1:46

Principal roles and cast members

[edit]

The show features a cast of thirty one and a fifteen-member band.[39]

Main characters Original West End actor 2014–2015 UK & Ireland Tour actor[40]
Jerry Travers Tom Chambers Alan Burkitt
Dale Tremont Summer Strallen Charlotte Gooch
Horace Hardwick Martin Ball Clive Hayward
Madge Hardwick Vivien Parry Rebecca Thornhill
Alberto Beddini Ricardo Alfonso Sebastien Torkia
Bates Stephen Boswell John Conroy

Critical reception

[edit]

After its world premiere, most Top Hat critics appreciated the spectacle but agreed that the plot was weak; "the plot, for want of a better word, doesn't bear too much close inspection", said Christopher Hart in the Sunday Times.[41] The musical was also criticised for its length. "The second half could be cut down by a good 15 minutes", according to Exeunt magazine.[42]

Michael Billington of The Guardian wrote, "The evening can be quickly summed up as 'great songs, daft book'".[43] Paul Taylor of The Independent said, "The producers of this irresistible show, a freely adapted version of the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers movie, don't subscribe to the precept of deferred gratification".[44] London Evening Standard critic Henry Hitchings described the show as "a bit slow hitting its stride".[45]

Top Hat received positive reviews on blogs, with Zoe Craig describing it on the Londonist as "pure, fun, cheery escapist entertainment".[46] Bechtler's set design and Deamer's choreography were praised ("This clever collaboration is clearly evident in every scene transition as the cast dance and interact with the set, making the whole changeover seem like a fluid part of the story") on BestOfTheatre.[47]

Awards and nominations

[edit]

Despite its mixed reception by critics, Top Hat won the Best Night Out award at the Evening Standard Theatre Awards in 2012,[48] won the 2013 Olivier Award[49] for Best New Musical, Best Choreographer (Bill Deamer) and Best Costume Design (Jon Morrell).[50] The musical was also nominated for five WhatsOnStage Awards.[51]

Original London production

[edit]
Year Award Category Nominee Result Ref.
2012 Evening Standard Theatre Awards Best Night Out Won [48]
2013 Laurence Olivier Award Best New Musical Won [52][53]
Best Actor in a Musical Tom Chambers Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Summer Strallen Nominated
Best Set Design Hildegard Bechtler Nominated
Best Sound Design Gareth Owen Nominated
Best Costume Design Jon Morrell Won
Best Choreographer Bill Deamer Won
WhatsOnStage Awards Best New Musical Nominated [51][54]
Best Actor in a Musical Tom Chambers Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in a Musical Ricardo Afonso Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Musical Vivien Parry Nominated
Best Choreographer Bill Deamer Nominated

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "This week's new theatre and dance". The Guardian. 14 April 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d "Milton Keynes Theatre to stage Top Hat world premiere". bbc.co.uk/news. BBC News. 16 May 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  3. ^ a b Bourne, Dianne (15 June 2011). "Tom Chambers takes classic Astaire role in Top Hat musical". manchestereveningnews.co.uk. Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  4. ^ "Top Hat". Top Hat World Premier Production Programme: 21. November 2011.
  5. ^ "Top Hat". Top Hat World Premier Production Programme: 8. November 2011.
  6. ^ a b Youde, Kate (27 November 2011). "Top hat! Return to the golden age of the musical". independent.co.uk. London: The Independent. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  7. ^ Shenton, Mark (21 June 2013). "Olivier Award-Winning Top Hat to Shutter at West End's Aldwych Theatre in October; New U.K. Tour to Follow". playbill.com. Playbill. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen to star in Top Hat". thestage.co.uk. The Stage. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  9. ^ "LAST CHANCE TO SEE THREE TIMES OLIVIER AWARD-WINNING PRODUCTION TOP HAT". tophatonstage.com. Top Hat (musical). Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  10. ^ Hendry, Steve (20 November 2011). "Taking on the role of Fred Astaire in Broadway classic Top Hat is 'a dream come true', says Strictly star Tom Chambers". dailyrecord.co.uk. Daily Record. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  11. ^ "Chambers takes the long route to finally walk in footsteps of his hero Fred Astaire". scotsman.com. The Scotsman. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  12. ^ Masters, Tim (10 May 2012). "Top Hat: Fred Astaire's daughter praises Tom Chambers role in musical". bbc.co.uk/news. BBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  13. ^ "Hats off to Tom and Summer, says Fred Astaire's daughter". standard.co.uk. London Evening Standard. 10 May 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  14. ^ a b c d "Top Hat". Top Hat World Premier Production Programme: 17. November 2011.
  15. ^ "Tom Chambers and Summer Strallen Led TOP HAT Opens 8/16". broadwayworld.com. BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  16. ^ "Top Hat". Top Hat World Premier Production Programme: 34. November 2011.
  17. ^ "Musicals Cast: Full London Tenor, Top Hat Tour". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  18. ^ a b "Top Hat". Top Hat World Premier Production Programme: 18. November 2011.
  19. ^ Harding, James T (13 March 2012). "Pre-West-End Performances of TOP HAT Begin Tonight". broadwayworld.com. BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  20. ^ "Top Hat to transfer into the West End next April". thestage.co.uk. The Stage. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  21. ^ "Top Hat Comes to West End's Aldwych After Tour, 19 Apr". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  22. ^ "Top Hat cast changes Charlotte Gooch & Gavin Lee". londontheatre.co.uk. London Theatre. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  23. ^ Shenton, Mark (2 November 2012). "Gavin Lee to Join West End's Top Hat; Charlotte Gooch Also Takes Over". playbill.com. Playbill. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  24. ^ Shenton, Mark (7 January 2013). "Kristen Beth Williams, Alex Gaumond and Clive Hayward Will Join Gavin Lee in West End's Top Hat". playbill.com. Playbilll. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  25. ^ Ferri, Josh (7 January 2013). "Nice Work's Kristen Beth Williams to Romance Gavin Lee as New Star of the West End's Top Hat". broadway.com. Broadway.com. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  26. ^ "Top Hat cast changes at the Aldwych Theatre from 5 Feb". londontheatre.co.uk. London Theatre. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  27. ^ "Alex Gaumond and Kay Murphy join Matilda cast from September". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  28. ^ "Cast & Creative". tophatonstage.com. Top Hat (musical). Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  29. ^ "Top Hat extends its booking period to 26 April 2014". londontheatre.co.uk. London Theatre. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  30. ^ "Top Hat confirms October closure at Aldwych". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  31. ^ "Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch to star in Top Hat tour". thestage.co.uk. The Stage. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  32. ^ "Alan Burkitt and Charlotte Gooch lead new Top Hat tour". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  33. ^ Dunn, Carrie (29 May 2014). "Burkitt And Gooch Lead Cast In UK Tour of TOP HAT!". broadwayworld.com. BroadwayWorld. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  34. ^ "TOP HAT". Takarazuka Revue Official Website. Hankyu Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  35. ^ "ミュージカル TOP HAT (2022)". Takarazuka Revue Official Website. Hankyu Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  36. ^ "Sneak Preview West End's TOP HAT Cast Album Streams on Facebook!". broadwayworld.com. BroadwayWorld. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  37. ^ Hetrick, Adam (3 August 2012). "London Cast Recordings of Singin' in the Rain and Top Hat to Be Released; Track Listings Announced". playbill.com. Playbill. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  38. ^ "Top Hat London Cast Recording". musicaltheatrenews.com. Musical Theatre News. 13 August 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  39. ^ "OVER 180,000 NEW TICKETS RELEASED FOR WEST END'S TOP HAT". tophatonstage.com. Top Hat. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  40. ^ Shenton, Mark (29 May 2014). "Olivier-Winning Top Hat Will Tour; Complete Cast Announced". playbill.com. Playbill. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  41. ^ Hart, Christopher (13 May 2012). "Top Hat, Aldwych". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013.
  42. ^ Rank, Julia (10 May 2012). "Top Hat". Exeunt.
  43. ^ Billington, Michael (9 May 2012). "Top Hat - review". The Guardian. London.
  44. ^ Taylor, Paul (17 May 2012). "Top Hat, Aldwych Theatre, London WC2". The Independent. London.
  45. ^ "Top Hat, Aldwych - review". Evening Standard. 10 May 2012.
  46. ^ Craig, Zoe (18 May 2012). "Theatre Review: Top Hat @ The Aldwych Theatre". Londonist.
  47. ^ Mitford, Oliver (17 June 2013). "Top Hat Review". BestOfTheatre.co.uk.
  48. ^ a b Moore, William (26 November 2012). "Top Hat wins Best Night Out title in Evening Standard Theatre Awards". standard.co.uk. London Evening Standard. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  49. ^ "Hats off to Best New Musical". Official London Theatre. 26 April 2013.
  50. ^ "Oliviers: Mirren crowned best actress, Curious Incident wins seven". bbc.co.uk/news. BBC News. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  51. ^ a b "Whitney Houston musical, The Bodyguard, up for six Whatsonstage.com awards". telegraph.co.uk. London: The Telegraph. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  52. ^ "Olivier awards 2013 – full nominations". The Guardian. 26 March 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  53. ^ Furness, Hannah (28 April 2013). "Olivier Awards 2013: The results in full". telegraph.co.uk. London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  54. ^ "Full list: Winners announced of the 2013 Whatsonstage.com Awards". whatsonstage.com. WhatsOnStage. 17 February 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
[edit]
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