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{{Short description|Massacre during the Lebanese Civil War}}
{{Short description|Massacre during the Lebanese Civil War}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Karantina massacre
| title = Karantina massacre
| image = Karantina Massacre.jpg
| image = Karantina Massacre.jpg
| partof = the [[Lebanese Civil War]]
| partof = the [[Lebanese Civil War]]
| caption = Palestinian refugees Zuhaiba Alshaheen, Mohammed Amcha and grandchildren Ahmad Jawhar and Ahmad Kinj in [[Karantina]], 1976<br> (photo taken by [[Françoise Demulder]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com_photogallery&task=view&id=173&Itemid=115&bandwidth=high |title=1976 – World Press Photo<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-03-29 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210959/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com_photogallery&task=view&id=173&Itemid=115&bandwidth=high |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| caption = Palestinian refugees Zuhaiba Alshaheen, Mohammed Amcha and grandchildren Ahmad Jawhar and Ahmad Kinj, with Zuhaiba seen confronting a militant, in [[Karantina]], 1976<br> (photo taken by [[Françoise Demulder]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com_photogallery&task=view&id=173&Itemid=115&bandwidth=high |title=1976 – World Press Photo<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-03-29 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210959/http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com_photogallery&task=view&id=173&Itemid=115&bandwidth=high |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| map = {{Location map | Lebanon
| map = {{Location map | Lebanon
| width = 250
| width = 250
| label = Beirut
| label = Beirut
Line 12: Line 12:
| coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E}}
| coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E}}
}}
}}
| location = [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| location = [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]
| target = [[Karantina]] district of Beirut
| target = [[Karantina]] district of Beirut
| date = {{start date and age|1976|1|18}}
| date = {{start date and age|1976|1|18}}
| coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E}}
| coordinates = {{coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E}}
| time =
| time =
| timezone =
| timezone =
| type = [[Massacre]]
| type = [[Massacre]]
| fatalities = 1,500<ref>{{Cite web |last=ictj |date=2014-07-28 |title=Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp |url=https://civilsociety-centre.org/sir/attack-maslakh-karantina-camp |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Civil Society Knowledge Centre |language=en}}</ref>
| fatalities = 600-1,500<ref>{{Cite web |last=ictj |date=2014-07-28 |title=Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp |url=https://civilsociety-centre.org/sir/attack-maslakh-karantina-camp |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Civil Society Knowledge Centre |language=en}}</ref>
| injuries =
| injuries =
| perps = [[Kataeb]], [[Guardians of the Cedars]], [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tiger militia]]<ref name="KW1979"/>
| perps = [[Kataeb]], [[Guardians of the Cedars]], [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tiger militia]]<ref name="KW1979"/>
| motive = [[Anti-Palestinianism]] and [[Islamophobia]]
| motive = [[Anti-Palestinianism]] and [[Islamophobia]]
}}
}}


{{Campaignbox Lebanese Civil War}}
{{Campaignbox Lebanese Civil War}}


The '''Karantina massacre''' ({{lang-ar|مجزرة الكرنتينا}}) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the [[Lebanese Civil War]]. [[Karantina]] was a [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslim]]-inhabited district in mostly [[Christianity in Lebanon|Christian]] East [[Beirut]] controlled by forces of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) and the [[Lebanese National Movement]] (LNM).<ref>Noam Chomsky (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies [[South End Press]], {{ISBN|0-89608-366-7}} p 171</ref> It was inhabited by [[Palestinians in Lebanon|Palestinians]], [[Kurds in Lebanon|Kurds]], [[Syrians in Lebanon|Syrians]], and [[Islam in Lebanon|Lebanese Muslims]].<ref>Michael Johnson (2001) ''All Honourable Men: The Social Origins of War in Lebanon'' I.B.Tauris, {{ISBN|1-86064-715-4}} p 62</ref><ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990). Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred. Their families still search for their remains. Women and young girls were violently raped and robbed by the Christian warlords led by Bachir Gemayel, also Bashir Gemayel was a senior member of the right-wing Christian Phalange party and the founder and supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces militia during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} pp 88–90</ref> The fighting and subsequent killings also involved the nearby [[Maslakh]] quarter.<ref>Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin (2001) Kurdish culture and society: an annotated bibliography Greenwood Publishing Group, {{ISBN|0-313-31543-4}} p 35</ref><ref name="H1500"/><ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990) ''The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers'' Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} p 88</ref>
The '''Karantina massacre''' ({{langx|ar|مجزرة الكرنتينا}}; {{langx|fr|Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina}}) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the [[Lebanese Civil War]]. [[Karantina|La Quarantaine]], known in Arabic as Karantina, was a [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslim]]-inhabited district in mostly [[Christianity in Lebanon|Christian]] East [[Beirut]] controlled by forces of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO),<ref>Noam Chomsky (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies [[South End Press]], {{ISBN|0-89608-366-7}} p 171</ref> and inhabited by [[Palestinians in Lebanon|Palestinians]], [[Kurds in Lebanon|Kurds]], [[Syrians in Lebanon|Syrians]], [[Armenians in Lebanon|Armenians]] and Lebanese Sunnis.<ref>Michael Johnson (2001) ''All Honourable Men: The Social Origins of War in Lebanon'' I.B.Tauris, {{ISBN|1-86064-715-4}} p 62</ref><ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990). Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred. Their families still search for their remains. Women and young girls were violently raped and robbed by the Christian warlords led by Bachir Gemayel, also Bashir Gemayel was a senior member of the right-wing Christian Phalange party and the founder and supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces militia during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} pp 88–90</ref> The fighting and subsequent killings also involved an old Quarantaine area near the port and nearby [[Maslakh]] quarter.<ref>Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin (2001) Kurdish culture and society: an annotated bibliography Greenwood Publishing Group, {{ISBN|0-313-31543-4}} p 35</ref><ref name="H1500"/><ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990) ''The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers'' Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} p 88</ref>


Karantina was overrun by militias of the right-wing and mostly Christian [[Lebanese Front]], especially the [[Kataeb Party]] (Phalangists),<ref name="Harris, p.162">{{cite book|author=William W. Harris|title=The New Face of Lebanon: History's Revenge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5R7Ci2btbIC&pg=PA162|accessdate=July 27, 2013|date=2006|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=978-1-55876-392-0|page=162|quote=the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damour}}</ref><ref>Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, {{ISBN|0-89608-601-1}} pp 184–185</ref> resulting in the deaths of approximately 1,500 people,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ictj |date=2014-07-28 |title=Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp |url=https://civilsociety-centre.org/sir/attack-maslakh-karantina-camp |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Civil Society Knowledge Centre |language=en}}</ref> mostly Palestinian and Lebanese Muslims, in which the right-wing militias claimed the toll were mostly left-wing fighters.<ref name="H1500">Harris (p. 162) notes "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in [[Damour massacre|Damur]]"[https://books.google.com/books?id=e5R7Ci2btbIC&dq=karantina+massacre&pg=PA162]</ref> According to the [[Washington Post]] correspondent [[Jonathan Randal]], "Many Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred, while some of the women and girls were violently raped and killed."<ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990) ''The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers'' Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} p 88</ref>
Karantina was overrun by militias of the right-wing and mostly Christian [[Lebanese Front]], specifically the [[Kataeb Party]] (Phalangists),<ref name="Harris, p.162">{{cite book|author=William W. Harris|title=The New Face of Lebanon: History's Revenge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5R7Ci2btbIC&pg=PA162|accessdate=July 27, 2013|date=2006|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishers|isbn=978-1-55876-392-0|page=162|quote=the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damour}}</ref><ref>Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, {{ISBN|0-89608-601-1}} pp 184–185</ref> resulting in the deaths of approximately 600-1,500 people,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ictj |date=2014-07-28 |title=Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp |url=https://civilsociety-centre.org/sir/attack-maslakh-karantina-camp |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Civil Society Knowledge Centre |language=en}}</ref> mostly Lebanese Muslims.<ref name="H1500">Harris (p. 162) notes "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in [[Damour massacre|Damur]]"[https://books.google.com/books?id=e5R7Ci2btbIC&dq=karantina+massacre&pg=PA162]</ref>According to then-[[Washington Post]]-correspondent [[Jonathan Randal]], "Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred," while the women and young girls were violently raped and robbed.<ref>Jonathan C. Randal (1990) ''The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers'' Hogarth, {{ISBN|0-7012-0909-7}} p 88</ref>


The [[Damour massacre]] two days later was a reprisal for the Karantina massacre.<ref name="H1500"/><ref>Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians [[South End Press]], {{ISBN|0-89608-601-1}} pp 184–185</ref>
The [[Damour massacre]] two days later was a reprisal for the Karantina massacre.<ref name="H1500"/><ref>Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians [[South End Press]], {{ISBN|0-89608-601-1}} pp 184–185</ref>


After [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF), [[Guardians of the Cedars]] (GoC) and the [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tiger militia]] forces took control of the Karantina district, the [[Tel al-Zaatar]] refugee camp was besieged for five months, ending in the [[Tel al-Zaatar massacre]].<ref name="KW1979">Kazziha, Walid (1979) Palestine in the Arab dilemma Taylor & Francis, {{ISBN|0-85664-864-7}} p 52</ref>
After [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF), [[Guardians of the Cedars]] (GoC), [[National Liberal Party (Lebanon)|National Liberal Party]]'s [[Tigers Militia (Lebanon)|Tiger militia]] and [[Lebanese Youth Movement]] (LYM) forces took control of the Karantina district, the [[Tel al-Zaatar]] refugee camp was besieged for five months, ending in the [[Tel al-Zaatar massacre]].<ref name="KW1979">Kazziha, Walid (1979) Palestine in the Arab dilemma Taylor & Francis, {{ISBN|0-85664-864-7}} p 52</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 18:49, 2 November 2024

Karantina massacre
Part of the Lebanese Civil War
Palestinian refugees Zuhaiba Alshaheen, Mohammed Amcha and grandchildren Ahmad Jawhar and Ahmad Kinj, with Zuhaiba seen confronting a militant, in Karantina, 1976
(photo taken by Françoise Demulder)[1]
Beirut is located in Lebanon
Beirut
Beirut
Beirut (Lebanon)
LocationBeirut, Lebanon
Coordinates33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E / 33.88694°N 35.51306°E / 33.88694; 35.51306
DateJanuary 18, 1976; 48 years ago (1976-01-18)
TargetKarantina district of Beirut
Attack type
Massacre
Deaths600-1,500[2]
PerpetratorsKataeb, Guardians of the Cedars, Tiger militia[3]
MotiveAnti-Palestinianism and Islamophobia

The Karantina massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الكرنتينا; French: Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War. La Quarantaine, known in Arabic as Karantina, was a Muslim-inhabited district in mostly Christian East Beirut controlled by forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO),[4] and inhabited by Palestinians, Kurds, Syrians, Armenians and Lebanese Sunnis.[5][6] The fighting and subsequent killings also involved an old Quarantaine area near the port and nearby Maslakh quarter.[7][8][9]

Karantina was overrun by militias of the right-wing and mostly Christian Lebanese Front, specifically the Kataeb Party (Phalangists),[10][11] resulting in the deaths of approximately 600-1,500 people,[12] mostly Lebanese Muslims.[8]According to then-Washington Post-correspondent Jonathan Randal, "Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred," while the women and young girls were violently raped and robbed.[13]

The Damour massacre two days later was a reprisal for the Karantina massacre.[8][14]

After Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF), Guardians of the Cedars (GoC), National Liberal Party's Tiger militia and Lebanese Youth Movement (LYM) forces took control of the Karantina district, the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp was besieged for five months, ending in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre.[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "1976 – World Press Photo". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
  2. ^ ictj (2014-07-28). "Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  3. ^ a b Kazziha, Walid (1979) Palestine in the Arab dilemma Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-85664-864-7 p 52
  4. ^ Noam Chomsky (1989) Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-366-7 p 171
  5. ^ Michael Johnson (2001) All Honourable Men: The Social Origins of War in Lebanon I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-86064-715-4 p 62
  6. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990). Many Lebanese Muslim men and boys were rounded up and separated from the women and children and massacred. Their families still search for their remains. Women and young girls were violently raped and robbed by the Christian warlords led by Bachir Gemayel, also Bashir Gemayel was a senior member of the right-wing Christian Phalange party and the founder and supreme commander of the Lebanese Forces militia during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 pp 88–90
  7. ^ Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin (2001) Kurdish culture and society: an annotated bibliography Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-31543-4 p 35
  8. ^ a b c Harris (p. 162) notes "the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damur"[1]
  9. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990) The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 p 88
  10. ^ William W. Harris (2006). The New Face of Lebanon: History's Revenge. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-55876-392-0. Retrieved July 27, 2013. the massacre of 1,500 Palestinians, Shi'is, and others in Karantina and Maslakh, and the revenge killings of hundreds of Christians in Damour
  11. ^ Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-601-1 pp 184–185
  12. ^ ictj (2014-07-28). "Attack on Maslakh-Karantina camp". Civil Society Knowledge Centre. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  13. ^ Jonathan C. Randal (1990) The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers Hogarth, ISBN 0-7012-0909-7 p 88
  14. ^ Noam Chomsky, Edward W. Said (1999) Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-601-1 pp 184–185

Sources

[edit]
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