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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Gadalla Gubara
| name = Gadalla Gubara
| image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image = Gadalla Gubara.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| native_name = جاد الله جبارة
⚫
| birth_name =
| birth_date = July 1920
| native_name_lang = ar
⚫
| birth_name =
⚫
| birth_place = [[Omdurman]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
| birth_date = July 1920
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|8|21|1920|7|df=y}}<!--some sources state 12 August as date of death-->
⚫
| birth_place = [[Omdurman]], [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]]
| death_place =
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|8|21|1920|7|df=y}}<!--some sources state 12 August as date of death-->
| nationality =
| occupation = [[Cameraman]], [[film producer]], [[Filmmaking|filmmaker]], [[photographer]]
| death_place =
| nationality =
| occupation = [[Cameraman]], [[film producer]], [[Filmmaking|filmmaker]], [[photographer]]
| years_active =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| notable_works=
| notable_works = ''[[Tajouje]]''
| children = 8 including [[Sara Gadalla Gubara]]
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->
}}
}}
'''Gadalla Gubara''' ({{Lang-ar|جاد الله جبارة}}, July 1920 – 21 August 2008) was a Sudanese [[Camera operator|cameraman]], [[film producer]], [[Film director|director]] and [[photographer]]. Over five decades, he produced more than 50 [[Documentary film|documentaries]] and three [[feature film]]s. He was a pioneer of [[Cinema of Africa|African cinema]], having been a co-founder of both the Pan-African Federation of Filmmakers [[FEPACI]] and the [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO Film festival]] ([[Ouagadougou]], [[Burkina Faso]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaki |first=Omar |date=2012-09-16 |title=Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209160219.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> His daughter, [[Sara Gubara]], who is a graduate of [[Cairo Higher Institute of Cinema]], Egypt, assisted him with his later film projects, after he had lost his eyesight. She is considered to be Sudan's first female film director.
'''Gadalla Gubara''' ({{Langx|ar|جاد الله جبارة}}, July 1920 – 21 August 2008) was a Sudanese [[Camera operator|cameraman]], [[film producer]], [[Film director|director]] and [[photographer]]. Over five decades, he produced more than 50 [[Documentary film|documentaries]] and three [[feature film]]s. He was a pioneer of [[Cinema of Africa|African cinema]], having been a co-founder of both the Pan-African Federation of Filmmakers [[FEPACI]] and the [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO Film festival]] ([[Ouagadougou]], [[Burkina Faso]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaki |first=Omar |date=2012-09-16 |title=Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209160219.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> His daughter, [[Sara Gubara]], who is a graduate of [[Cairo Higher Institute of Cinema]], Egypt, assisted him with his later film projects, after he had lost his eyesight. She is considered to be Sudan's first female film director.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Gubara was born in [[Omdurman]], [[Sudan]] in 1920. His father was a farmer, and a part of the extended family of [[Muhammad Ahmad]]. During [[World War II]], he served as an officer in the [[Royal Corps of Signals]] on the [[North African campaign]]. There, the [[Colonial Film Unit]] screened films such as ''[[Desert Victory]]'', ''Our African Soldiers on Active Service'' and ''With Our African Troops in the Middle East'' for the troops. This was Gubara's first exposure to film, leading him to seek further training after the war, while stationed in [[London]] and [[Cyprus]].<ref name="The Omega Man">{{cite web|last=Korinth|first=Nadja|title=The Omega Man. Gadalla Gubara and the half-life of Sudanese cinema|url=https://www.bidoun.org/articles/the-omega-man|url-status=live|accessdate=2 September 2020|website=Bidoun.org}}</ref>
Gubara was born in [[Omdurman]], [[Sudan]] in 1920. His father was a farmer, and a part of the extended family of [[Muhammad Ahmad]]. During [[World War II]], he served as an officer in the [[Royal Corps of Signals]] on the [[North African campaign]]. There, the [[Colonial Film Unit]] screened films such as ''[[Desert Victory]]'', ''Our African Soldiers on Active Service'' and ''With Our African Troops in the Middle East'' for the troops. This was Gubara's first exposure to film, leading him to seek further training after the war, while stationed in [[London]] and [[Cyprus]].<ref name="The Omega Man">{{cite web|last=Korinth|first=Nadja|title=The Omega Man. Gadalla Gubara and the half-life of Sudanese cinema|url=https://www.bidoun.org/articles/the-omega-man|accessdate=2 September 2020|website=Bidoun.org}}</ref>


After his training, the British Film Unit commissioned him to return to Sudan and make educational films about the country's agriculture schemes to be screened to local audiences across the country.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last= |first= |title=The Sudan Handbook |url=https://riftvalley.net/index.php/publication/sudan-handbook |pages=332 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Ryle |editor1-first=John |contribution=Key figures in Sudanese history, culture & politics |contribution-url= |edition=digital |place=London |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |isbn=9781847010308 |jstor= |editor2-last=Willis |editor2-first=Justin |editor3-last=Baldo |editor3-first=Suliman |editor4-last=Madut Jok |editor4-first=Jok}}</ref>
After his training, the British Film Unit commissioned him to return to Sudan and make educational films about the country's agriculture schemes to be screened to local audiences across the country.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last= |first= |title=The Sudan Handbook |url=https://riftvalley.net/index.php/publication/sudan-handbook |pages=332 |year=2012 |editor1-last=Ryle |editor1-first=John |contribution=Key figures in Sudanese history, culture & politics |contribution-url= |edition=digital |place=London |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |isbn=9781847010308 |jstor= |editor2-last=Willis |editor2-first=Justin |editor3-last=Baldo |editor3-first=Suliman |editor4-last=Madut Jok |editor4-first=Jok}}</ref>
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==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Sudan_independence_2.png|thumb|[[Flag of Sudan#Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)|Sudan's flag]] raised at its [[Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)|independence]] ceremony, on 1st January 1956, photo by Gadalla Gubara]]
[[File:Sudan_independence_2.png|thumb|[[Flag of Sudan#Republic of Sudan (1956–1969)|Sudan's flag]] raised at its [[Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)|independence]] ceremony, on 1st January 1956, photo by Gadalla Gubara]]
Gubara was also one of Sudan's first photographers, capturing for example the raising of the flag of the newly independent country on January 1, 1956.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zaki |first=Omar |date=2012-09-16 |title=Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209160219.html |access-date=2019-11-20 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>As journalist Omar Zaki wrote in his article 'Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a forgotten filmmaking legend': "Gubara and fellow scriptwriter Kamal Ibrahim, were the only cameramen to record Sudan's Independence on January 1st 1956. He captured the symbolic moments when democratically elected Prime Minister Ismail Al-Azhari walked from the parliament to the presidential palace and replaced the British and Egyptian flags with the blue, gold, and green flag of Sudan."</ref> In a late recognition, some of his photographs were presented in 2015 at the [[retrospective]] exhibition '<nowiki/>''The Khartoum School: the making of the modern art movement in Sudan (1945–present)''' by the Sharjah Art Foundation, UAE.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=The Khartoum School: The making of the Modern Art movement in Sudan (1945 – present)|url=http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/exhibitions/the-khartoum-school-the-making-of-the-modern-art-movement-in-sudan-1945-pre|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Sharjah Art Foundation}}</ref>
Gubara was also one of Sudan's first photographers, capturing for example the raising of the flag of the newly independent country on January 1, 1956.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zaki |first=Omar |date=2012-09-16 |title=Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209160219.html |access-date=2019-11-20 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>As journalist Omar Zaki wrote in his article 'Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a forgotten filmmaking legend': "Gubara and fellow scriptwriter Kamal Ibrahim, were the only cameramen to record Sudan's Independence on January 1st 1956. He captured the symbolic moments when democratically elected Prime Minister Ismail Al-Azhari walked from the parliament to the presidential palace and replaced the British and Egyptian flags with the blue, gold, and green flag of Sudan."</ref> In a late recognition, some of his photographs were presented in 2015 at the [[retrospective]] exhibition '<nowiki/>''The Khartoum School: the making of the modern art movement in Sudan (1945–present)''' by the Sharjah Art Foundation, UAE.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016|title=The Khartoum School: The making of the Modern Art movement in Sudan (1945 – present)|url=http://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/exhibitions/the-khartoum-school-the-making-of-the-modern-art-movement-in-sudan-1945-pre|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Sharjah Art Foundation}}</ref>


In 1955, Gubara produced Africa's first [[Color photography|colour film]], ''Song of Khartoum'', a contribution to the genre of documentary films about [[avant-garde]] cities. The years following [[History of Sudan (1956–69)|independence]] in 1956 were marked by an atmosphere of political and cultural awakening in Sudan. Gubara became the main filmmaker for the newly established [[Cinema of Sudan|Sudan Film Unit]] under the Ministry of Culture and Information. During this period, he documented many events and everyday life with his camera: Government meetings with president [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] of Egypt or Ethiopian emperor [[Haile Selassie|Haile Selassi]] on a state visit, the nightlife of Khartoum, the construction of railway lines, factories and dams.<ref>See, for example, the restored short news reels on Studio Gad webpage in the section External links of this article.</ref> At the end of the 1950s, he received a grant to continue his film studies at the [[University of Southern California]], and was appointed as director of the Sudan Film Unit upon his return in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The film holdings of Gadalla Gubara|url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/living-archive/projects/the-film-holdings-of-gadalla-gubara-2013-2016.html|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-23|website={{ill|Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art|de|Institut für Film und Videokunst}} (Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V.)|language=en-UK}}</ref>
In 1955, Gubara produced Africa's first [[Color photography|colour film]], ''[[Song of Khartoum]]'', a contribution to the genre of documentary films about [[avant-garde]] cities. The years following [[History of Sudan (1956–69)|independence]] in 1956 were marked by an atmosphere of political and cultural awakening in Sudan. Gubara became the main filmmaker for the newly established [[Cinema of Sudan|Sudan Film Unit]] under the Ministry of Culture and Information. During this period, he documented many events and everyday life with his camera: Government meetings with president [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] of Egypt or Ethiopian emperor [[Haile Selassie|Haile Selassi]] on a state visit, the nightlife of Khartoum, the construction of railway lines, factories and dams.<ref>See, for example, the restored short news reels on Studio Gad webpage in the section External links of this article.</ref> At the end of the 1950s, he received a grant to continue his film studies at the [[University of Southern California]], and was appointed as director of the Sudan Film Unit upon his return in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The film holdings of Gadalla Gubara|url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/living-archive/projects/the-film-holdings-of-gadalla-gubara-2013-2016.html|access-date=2019-11-23|website={{ill|Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art|de|Institut für Film und Videokunst}} (Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V.)|language=en-UK}}</ref>
[[File:Gadalla_Gubara_and_Riefenstahl.jpg|left|thumb|Gadalla Gubara with German photographer [[Leni Riefenstahl]] in the [[Nuba Mountains]], Sudan, before 1973]]
[[File:Gadalla_Gubara_and_Riefenstahl.jpg|left|thumb|Gadalla Gubara with German photographer [[Leni Riefenstahl]] in the [[Nuba Mountains]], Sudan, before 1973]]
Wanting to produce his own documentaries and, most of all, feature films, he left the Sudan Film Unit and set up Sudan's first private film studio, Studio Gad, in 1974.<ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/life-in-film-preserving-the-legacy-of-sudanese-film-maker-jadallah-jubara Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 26 July 2016.</ref> His first feature film ''[[Tajouj]]'' (1977) is a dramatic story about the unhappy love of two suitors towards the heroine, set in rural Eastern Sudan, and featured the actor [[Salah ibn Al Badiya|Salah ibn Al Badya]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Tajouj (1977) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3429942/plotsummary|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> ''Tajouj'' won the Nefertiti Statue, Egypt's highest film award, at the [[Cairo International Film Festival]] in 1982, and won prizes at film festivals in Alexandria, Ouagadougou, Tehran, Addis Ababa, Berlin, Moscow, Cannes and Carthage.<ref name=":1" />
Wanting to produce his own documentaries and, most of all, feature films, he left the Sudan Film Unit and set up Sudan's first private film studio, Studio Gad, in 1974.<ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/life-in-film-preserving-the-legacy-of-sudanese-film-maker-jadallah-jubara Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 26 July 2016.</ref> His first feature film ''[[Tajouj]]'' (1977) is a dramatic story about the unhappy love of two suitors towards the heroine, set in rural Eastern Sudan, and featured the actor [[Salah ibn Al Badiya|Salah ibn Al Badya]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Tajouj (1977) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3429942/plotsummary|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> ''Tajouj'' won the Nefertiti Statue, Egypt's highest film award, at the [[Cairo International Film Festival]] in 1982, and won prizes at film festivals in Alexandria, Ouagadougou, Tehran, Addis Ababa, Berlin, Moscow, Cannes and Carthage.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Viva_Sara.jpg|thumb|Gadalla and [[Sara Gubara]] in their documentary ''Viva Sar''a (1984)]]


In 1984, Gubara published a semi-documentary short film called ''<nowiki/>'Viva Sara''<nowiki/>'. It tells the story of his daughter Sara, who despite her physical handicap from having suffered from [[polio]] as a child, became Sudan's first participant in an international competition for swimmers between the [[Capri|island of Capri]] and the city of [[Naples]] in Italy.<ref>The German review of a screening of 'Viva Sara!' in Berlin in 2015, called this film "one of the most beautiful film moments of the year". - It describes the content like this: "Sara, handicapped by polio, had taken part in the Capri-Naples swimming marathon as a young woman. 35 kilometres in the open sea. A good decade later, her proud father wanted to share this with 'Viva Sara'. As an incentive and hope for girls in Sudan that anything can be done." {{Cite web|last=Klingler|first=Nino|title=Die schönsten Retrospektivenmomente: Jahresrückblick (3)|url=https://www.critic.de/special/die-schoensten-retrospektivenmomente-jahresrueckblick-3-3983/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=critic.de|language=de}}</ref>
In 1984, Gubara published a semi-documentary short film called ''<nowiki/>'Viva Sara''<nowiki/>'. It tells the story of his daughter Sara, who despite her physical handicap from having suffered from [[polio]] as a child, became Sudan's first participant in an international competition for swimmers between the [[Capri|island of Capri]] and the city of [[Naples]] in Italy.<ref>The German review of a screening of 'Viva Sara!' in Berlin in 2015, called this film "one of the most beautiful film moments of the year". - It describes the content like this: "Sara, handicapped by polio, had taken part in the Capri-Naples swimming marathon as a young woman. 35 kilometres in the open sea. A good decade later, her proud father wanted to share this with 'Viva Sara'. As an incentive and hope for girls in Sudan that anything can be done." {{Cite web|last=Klingler|first=Nino|title=Die schönsten Retrospektivenmomente: Jahresrückblick (3)|url=https://www.critic.de/special/die-schoensten-retrospektivenmomente-jahresrueckblick-3-3983/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=critic.de|date=31 December 2015 |language=de}}</ref>


Gadalla lost his sight at the age of 80, when his studio had been confiscated by the government, but still continued with his last film projects, with his daughter [[Sara Gubara|Sara Gadalla Gubara]] assisting him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ellerson|first=Beti|date=2010-12-07|title=Sara Gubara: Her father's eyes|url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2010/12/sara-gubara-her-fathers-eyes.html|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-21|website=African Women in cinema blog}}</ref> In 2006, he received the 'Award for Excellence' for his career at the [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]].<ref name=":3" />
Gadalla lost his sight at the age of 80, when his studio had been confiscated by the government, but still continued with his last film projects, with his daughter [[Sara Gubara|Sara Gadalla Gubara]] assisting him.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ellerson|first=Beti|date=2010-12-07|title=Sara Gubara: Her father's eyes|url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2010/12/sara-gubara-her-fathers-eyes.html|access-date=2019-11-21|website=African Women in cinema blog}}</ref> In 2006, he received the 'Award for Excellence' for his career at the [[Africa Movie Academy Awards]].<ref name=":3" />


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
Highlighting perhaps Gubara's most prolific era, the Sudanese author Omar Zaki wrote:<ref name=":1" />
Highlighting perhaps Gubara's most prolific era, the Sudanese author Omar Zaki wrote:<ref name=":1" />
{{Blockquote|text=Gubara's films from the 1960s and 70s capture what many refer to as "the Golden Era of Sudan" when Khartoum was the Beirut ... or ... the Paris of Africa. At the time, Khartoum was a multicultural city with dozens of Catholic, Protestant, Coptic, and Ethiopian churches, and a variety of ethnic communities - Jewish, Armenian, Syrian, Greek, Lebanese, and Serbian. This rings true with Gubara's memories of the capital: Khartoum was an open city; it had all kinds of amusements, it had nightclubs. People can play freely, can dance...But when the sharia started with Nimeiry, Khartoum became just like an Islamic town.}}
{{Blockquote|text=Gubara's films from the 1960s and 70s capture what many refer to as "the Golden Era of Sudan" when Khartoum was the Beirut ... or ... the Paris of Africa. At the time, Khartoum was a multicultural city with dozens of Catholic, Protestant, Coptic, and Ethiopian churches, and a variety of ethnic communities - Jewish, Armenian, Syrian, Greek, Lebanese, and Serbian. This rings true with Gubara's memories of the capital: Khartoum was an open city; it had all kinds of amusements, it had nightclubs. People can play freely, can dance...But when the sharia started with Nimeiry, Khartoum became just like an Islamic town.}}
In 2008, filmmaker Frédérique Cifuentes made a documentary film about Gubara, called [[Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara]],<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=Cifuentes|first=Frederique|title=Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara|date=2010-11-20|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1668070/|type=Documentary|others=Gadalla Gubara|access-date=2020-12-14}}</ref> part of which was made available in [[Sudan Memory]]'s online archive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinema in Sudan: conversations with Gadalla Gubara |url=https://www.sudanmemory.org/image/FCF-1000001/1/LOG_0000/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Sudan Memory |language=en}}</ref> Between 2014 and 2016, many of Gubara's films were digitised by the {{ill|Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art|de|Institut für Film und Videokunst}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal: the film holdings of gadalla gubara (2013, 2016) |url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/living-archive/projects/the-film-holdings-of-gadalla-gubara-2013-2016.html |access-date=2019-11-20 |website=Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V. |language=en-UK}}</ref> in [[Berlin]], Germany,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Studio Gad Archive – The heritage of the Sudanese filmmaker Gadalla Gubara|url=http://studiogadarchive.com/|url-status=live|access-date=2019-11-20|website=Studio Gad archive|language=}}</ref> and have been shown again to audiences in Sudan as well as abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/life-in-film-preserving-the-legacy-of-sudanese-film-maker-jadallah-jubara|title=Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara|last=AFP|date=2016-07-26|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-20|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=von Schroeder |first=Katharina |date=2021-04-21 |title=Studio Gad: The Value of Visual Memory – World Policy |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421153327/http://worldpolicy.org/2015/08/27/studio-gad-the-value-of-visual-memory/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
In 2008, filmmaker Frédérique Cifuentes made a documentary film about Gubara, called [[Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara]],<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=Cifuentes|first=Frederique|title=Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara|date=2010-11-20|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1668070/|type=Documentary|others=Gadalla Gubara|access-date=2020-12-14}}</ref> part of which was made available in [[Sudan Memory]]'s online archive.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinema in Sudan: conversations with Gadalla Gubara |url=https://www.sudanmemory.org/image/FCF-1000001/1/LOG_0000/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Sudan Memory |language=en}}</ref> Between 2014 and 2016, many of Gubara's films were digitised by the {{ill|Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art|de|Institut für Film und Videokunst}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal: the film holdings of gadalla gubara (2013, 2016) |url=https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/living-archive/projects/the-film-holdings-of-gadalla-gubara-2013-2016.html |access-date=2019-11-20 |website=Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V. |language=en-UK}}</ref> in [[Berlin]], Germany,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Studio Gad Archive – The heritage of the Sudanese filmmaker Gadalla Gubara|url=http://studiogadarchive.com/|access-date=2019-11-20|website=Studio Gad archive|language=|archive-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203114043/http://studiogadarchive.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and have been shown again to audiences in Sudan as well as abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/26/life-in-film-preserving-the-legacy-of-sudanese-film-maker-jadallah-jubara|title=Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara|last=AFP|date=2016-07-26|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-11-20|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=von Schroeder |first=Katharina |date=2021-04-21 |title=Studio Gad: The Value of Visual Memory – World Policy |url=http://worldpolicy.org/2015/08/27/studio-gad-the-value-of-visual-memory/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421153327/http://worldpolicy.org/2015/08/27/studio-gad-the-value-of-visual-memory/ |archive-date=21 April 2021 }}</ref>


== Filmography (feature films)==
== Filmography (feature films)==
*''[[Tajouje|Tajouj]]'' (1977)
*''[[Tajouje|Tajouj]]'' (1977)
*''Barakat Al-Sheikh'' (1998)
*''Barakat Al-Sheikh'' (''The Sheikh's Blessings'', 1998)
*''Les misérables'', adaptation of the novel by [[Victor Hugo]] (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Les misérables {{!}} MoMA Virtual Cinema Streaming {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/7134 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref>
*''Les misérables'', adaptation of the novel by [[Victor Hugo]] (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Les misérables {{!}} MoMA Virtual Cinema Streaming {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/7134 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref>


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== External links ==
== External links ==
⚫
*{{IMDb name|3944108|Gadallah Gubara}}
*[https://mubi.com/en/cast/gadalla-gubara Gadallah Gubara] on [[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]]
*[http://fredcifuentes.com/gadallagubara/ Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara] (Documentary about his life and work)
*[http://fredcifuentes.com/gadallagubara/ Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara] (Documentary about his life and work)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9e4sS0ra_I TED talk by Sara Gubara about her life and collaboration with her father] (In Arabic with English subtitles)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9e4sS0ra_I TED talk by Sara Gubara about her life and collaboration with her father] (In Arabic with English subtitles)
⚫
*[http://studiogadarchive.com/archive-material Studio Gad - Information and short documentary films] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118065348/http://studiogadarchive.com/archive-material |date=18 November 2021 }} by Gubara, from Khartoum in the 1970s
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*{{IMDb name|3944108|Gadallah Gubara}}
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*[http://studiogadarchive.com/archive-material Studio Gad - Information and short documentary films] by Gubara, from Khartoum in the 1970s
*[https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/fps/2007/09/200852519143183279.html Video report on Gubara's last feature film ''Les miserables'', starting from 8:00 in part 2 of the video]
*[https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/fps/2007/09/200852519143183279.html Video report on Gubara's last feature film ''Les miserables'', starting from 8:00 in part 2 of the video]
*[https://vimeo.com/192741976 Short video, with Gubara talking about his life and work]
*[https://vimeo.com/192741976 Short video, with Gubara talking about his life and work]

Latest revision as of 18:58, 2 November 2024

Gadalla Gubara
جاد الله جبارة
BornJuly 1920
Omdurman, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Died21 August 2008(2008-08-21) (aged 88)
Occupation(s)Cameraman, film producer, filmmaker, photographer
Notable workTajouje
Children8 including Sara Gadalla Gubara

Gadalla Gubara (Arabic: جاد الله جبارة, July 1920 – 21 August 2008) was a Sudanese cameraman, film producer, director and photographer. Over five decades, he produced more than 50 documentaries and three feature films. He was a pioneer of African cinema, having been a co-founder of both the Pan-African Federation of Filmmakers FEPACI and the FESPACO Film festival (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso).[1] His daughter, Sara Gubara, who is a graduate of Cairo Higher Institute of Cinema, Egypt, assisted him with his later film projects, after he had lost his eyesight. She is considered to be Sudan's first female film director.

Early life

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Gubara was born in Omdurman, Sudan in 1920. His father was a farmer, and a part of the extended family of Muhammad Ahmad. During World War II, he served as an officer in the Royal Corps of Signals on the North African campaign. There, the Colonial Film Unit screened films such as Desert Victory, Our African Soldiers on Active Service and With Our African Troops in the Middle East for the troops. This was Gubara's first exposure to film, leading him to seek further training after the war, while stationed in London and Cyprus.[2]

After his training, the British Film Unit commissioned him to return to Sudan and make educational films about the country's agriculture schemes to be screened to local audiences across the country.[3]

Career

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Sudan's flag raised at its independence ceremony, on 1st January 1956, photo by Gadalla Gubara

Gubara was also one of Sudan's first photographers, capturing for example the raising of the flag of the newly independent country on January 1, 1956.[4][5] In a late recognition, some of his photographs were presented in 2015 at the retrospective exhibition 'The Khartoum School: the making of the modern art movement in Sudan (1945–present)' by the Sharjah Art Foundation, UAE.[6]

In 1955, Gubara produced Africa's first colour film, Song of Khartoum, a contribution to the genre of documentary films about avant-garde cities. The years following independence in 1956 were marked by an atmosphere of political and cultural awakening in Sudan. Gubara became the main filmmaker for the newly established Sudan Film Unit under the Ministry of Culture and Information. During this period, he documented many events and everyday life with his camera: Government meetings with president Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt or Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassi on a state visit, the nightlife of Khartoum, the construction of railway lines, factories and dams.[7] At the end of the 1950s, he received a grant to continue his film studies at the University of Southern California, and was appointed as director of the Sudan Film Unit upon his return in 1962.[8]

Gadalla Gubara with German photographer Leni Riefenstahl in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan, before 1973

Wanting to produce his own documentaries and, most of all, feature films, he left the Sudan Film Unit and set up Sudan's first private film studio, Studio Gad, in 1974.[9] His first feature film Tajouj (1977) is a dramatic story about the unhappy love of two suitors towards the heroine, set in rural Eastern Sudan, and featured the actor Salah ibn Al Badya.[3][10] Tajouj won the Nefertiti Statue, Egypt's highest film award, at the Cairo International Film Festival in 1982, and won prizes at film festivals in Alexandria, Ouagadougou, Tehran, Addis Ababa, Berlin, Moscow, Cannes and Carthage.[4]

In 1984, Gubara published a semi-documentary short film called 'Viva Sara'. It tells the story of his daughter Sara, who despite her physical handicap from having suffered from polio as a child, became Sudan's first participant in an international competition for swimmers between the island of Capri and the city of Naples in Italy.[11]

Gadalla lost his sight at the age of 80, when his studio had been confiscated by the government, but still continued with his last film projects, with his daughter Sara Gadalla Gubara assisting him.[12] In 2006, he received the 'Award for Excellence' for his career at the Africa Movie Academy Awards.[13]

Reception

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Highlighting perhaps Gubara's most prolific era, the Sudanese author Omar Zaki wrote:[4]

Gubara's films from the 1960s and 70s capture what many refer to as "the Golden Era of Sudan" when Khartoum was the Beirut ... or ... the Paris of Africa. At the time, Khartoum was a multicultural city with dozens of Catholic, Protestant, Coptic, and Ethiopian churches, and a variety of ethnic communities - Jewish, Armenian, Syrian, Greek, Lebanese, and Serbian. This rings true with Gubara's memories of the capital: Khartoum was an open city; it had all kinds of amusements, it had nightclubs. People can play freely, can dance...But when the sharia started with Nimeiry, Khartoum became just like an Islamic town.

In 2008, filmmaker Frédérique Cifuentes made a documentary film about Gubara, called Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara,[13] part of which was made available in Sudan Memory's online archive.[14] Between 2014 and 2016, many of Gubara's films were digitised by the Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art [de][15] in Berlin, Germany,[16] and have been shown again to audiences in Sudan as well as abroad.[17][18]

Filmography (feature films)

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  • Tajouj (1977)
  • Barakat Al-Sheikh (The Sheikh's Blessings, 1998)
  • Les misérables, adaptation of the novel by Victor Hugo (2006)[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Zaki, Omar (16 September 2012). "Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ Korinth, Nadja. "The Omega Man. Gadalla Gubara and the half-life of Sudanese cinema". Bidoun.org. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b Ryle, John; Willis, Justin; Baldo, Suliman; Madut Jok, Jok, eds. (2012), "Key figures in Sudanese history, culture & politics", The Sudan Handbook (digital ed.), London: Rift Valley Institute, p. 332, ISBN 9781847010308
  4. ^ a b c Zaki, Omar (16 September 2012). "Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a Forgotten Filmmaking Legend". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  5. ^ As journalist Omar Zaki wrote in his article 'Sudan: Gadalla Gubara - a forgotten filmmaking legend': "Gubara and fellow scriptwriter Kamal Ibrahim, were the only cameramen to record Sudan's Independence on January 1st 1956. He captured the symbolic moments when democratically elected Prime Minister Ismail Al-Azhari walked from the parliament to the presidential palace and replaced the British and Egyptian flags with the blue, gold, and green flag of Sudan."
  6. ^ "The Khartoum School: The making of the Modern Art movement in Sudan (1945 – present)". Sharjah Art Foundation. 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  7. ^ See, for example, the restored short news reels on Studio Gad webpage in the section External links of this article.
  8. ^ "The film holdings of Gadalla Gubara". Arsenal Institute for Film and Video Art [de] (Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V.). Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  9. ^ Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara, The Guardian, 26 July 2016.
  10. ^ Tajouj (1977) - IMDb, retrieved 2 April 2021
  11. ^ The German review of a screening of 'Viva Sara!' in Berlin in 2015, called this film "one of the most beautiful film moments of the year". - It describes the content like this: "Sara, handicapped by polio, had taken part in the Capri-Naples swimming marathon as a young woman. 35 kilometres in the open sea. A good decade later, her proud father wanted to share this with 'Viva Sara'. As an incentive and hope for girls in Sudan that anything can be done." Klingler, Nino (31 December 2015). "Die schönsten Retrospektivenmomente: Jahresrückblick (3)". critic.de (in German). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  12. ^ Ellerson, Beti (7 December 2010). "Sara Gubara: Her father's eyes". African Women in cinema blog. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  13. ^ a b Cifuentes, Frederique (20 November 2010), Cinema in Sudan: Conversations with Gadalla Gubara (Documentary), Gadalla Gubara, retrieved 14 December 2020
  14. ^ "Cinema in Sudan: conversations with Gadalla Gubara". Sudan Memory. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  15. ^ "Arsenal: the film holdings of gadalla gubara (2013, 2016)". Arsenal – Institut für Film und Videokunst e.V. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  16. ^ "Studio Gad Archive – The heritage of the Sudanese filmmaker Gadalla Gubara". Studio Gad archive. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  17. ^ AFP (26 July 2016). "Life in film: preserving the legacy of Sudanese film-maker Jadallah Jubara". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  18. ^ von Schroeder, Katharina (21 April 2021). "Studio Gad: The Value of Visual Memory – World Policy". Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  19. ^ "Watch Les misérables | MoMA Virtual Cinema Streaming | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
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