A Brief History of Seven Killings: Difference between revisions

A Brief History of Seven Killings
	Cover of the 2014 hardcover edition
Author	Marlon James
Cover artist	Gregg Kulick
Language	English
Publisher	Riverhead Books
Publication date	2 October 2014 (hardcover, e-book)
Publication place	United States
Media type	Print
Pages	688
Awards	2015 Booker Prize
ISBN	978-1780746357

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A Brief History of Seven Killings is the third novel by Jamaican author Marlon James.^[1] It was published in 2014 by Riverhead Books.^[2] The novel spans several decades and explores the attempted assassination of Bob Marley in Jamaica in 1976 and its aftermath, through the crack wars in New York City in the 1980s, and a changed Jamaica in the 1990s.^[3]

Synopsis

The novel has five sections, each named after a musical track and covering the events of a single day:

“Original Rockers: December 2, 1976”
“Ambush in the Night: December 3, 1976”
“Shadow Dancin: February 15, 1979”
“White Lines/Kids in America: August 14, 1985”
“Sound Boy Killing: March 22, 1991”

The first part of the novel is set in Kingston, Jamaica, in the build-up to the Smile Jamaica Concert held on 5 December 1976, and describes politically motivated violence between gangs associated with the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) and the People's National Party (PNP), especially in the West Kingston neighbourhoods of Tivoli Gardens and Matthews Lane (renamed in the novel as Copenhagen City and Eight Lanes),^[4] including involvement of the CIA in the Jamaican politics of the time. As well as Marley (who is referred to as "the Singer" throughout), other real-life characters depicted or fictionalized in the book include Kingston gangsters Winston "Burry Boy" Blake and George "Feathermop" Spence, Claude Massop and Lester Lloyd Coke (Jim Brown) of the JLP and Aston Thomson (Buckie Marshall) of the PNP.^[5]

Characters

CAST OF CHARACTERS

Greater Kingston from 1959

Sir Arthur Jennings, former politician, deceased
The Singer, reggae superstar of the world
Peter Nasser, politician, strategist
Nina Burgess, former receptionist, presently unemployed
Kim-Marie Burgess, her sister
Ras Trent, Kim-Marie’s lover
Doctor Love / Luis Hernán Rodrigo de las Casas, CIA consultant
Barry Diflorio, CIA station chief, Jamaica
Claire Diflorio, his wife
William Adler, former field officer, CIA, now rogue
Alex Pierce, journalist, Rolling Stone
Mark Lansing, filmmaker, son of Richard Lansing, former CIA director
Louis Johnson, field officer, CIA
Mr. Clark, field officer, CIA
Bill Bilson, journalist, the Jamaica Gleaner
Sally Q, fixer, informant
Tony McFerson, politician
Officer Watson, police
Officer Nevis, police
Officer Grant, police

Copenhagen City

Papa-Lo / Raymond Clarke, don of Copenhagen City, 1960–1979
Josey Wales, head enforcer, don of Copenhagen City, 1979–1991, leader of the Storm Posse
Weeper, gang enforcer, Storm Posse head enforcer, Manhattan/Brooklyn
Demus, gang member
Heckle, gang member
Bam-Bam, gang member
Funky Chicken, gang member
Renton, gang member
Leggo Beast, gang member
Tony Pavarotti, enforcer, sniper
Priest, messenger, informer
Junior Soul, informer/rumored Eight Lanes spy
The Wang Gang, gang based in Wang Sang Lands, affiliated with Copenhagen City
Copper, gang enforcer
Chinaman, gang leader near Copenhagen City
Treetop, gang member
Bullman, enforcer

The Eight Lanes

Shotta Sherrif / Roland Palmer, don of the Eight Lanes, 1975–1980
Funnyboy, gang enforcer and second-in-command
Buntin-Banton, coleader and don of the Eight Lanes, 1972–1975
Dishrag, coleader and don of the Eight Lanes, 1972–1975

Outside Jamaica, 1976–1979

Donald Casserley, drug trafficker, president, Jamaica Freedom League
Richard Lansing, CIA director, 1973–1976
Lindon Wolfsbricker, American ambassador to Yugoslavia
Admiral Warren Tunney, CIA director, 1977–1981
Roger Theroux, field officer, CIA
Miles Copeland, CIA station chief, Cairo
Edgar Anatolyevich Cheporov, reporter, Novosti News Agency
Freddy Lugo, operative, Alpha 66, United Revolutionary Organizations, AMBLOOD
Hernán Ricardo Lozano, operative, Alpha 66, United Revolutionary Organizations, AMBLOOD
Orlando Bosch, operative Omega 7, United Revolutionary Organizations, AMBLOOD
Gael and Freddy, operatives, Omega 7, United Revolutionary Organizations, AMBLOOD
Sal Resnick, journalist, New York Times

Montego Bay, 1979

Kim Clarke, unemployed
Charles/Chuck, engineer, Alcorp Bauxite

Miami and New York, 1985–1991

Storm Posse, Jamaican drug syndicate
Ranking Dons, rival Jamaican drug syndicate
Eubie, head enforcer, Storm Posse, Queens/Bronx
A-Plus, associate of Tristan Phillips
Pig Tails, enforcer, Storm Posse, Queens/Bronx
Ren-Dog, enforcer, Storm Posse, Queens/Bronx
Omar, enforcer, Storm Posse, Manhattan/Brooklyn
Romeo, drug dealer, Storm Posse, Brooklyn
Tristan Phillips, inmate, Rikers, member of Ranking Dons
John-John K, hit man, carjacker
Paco, carjacker
Griselda Blanco, drug lord, Medellín cartel Miami operations
Baxter, enforcer for Griselda Blanco
The Hawaiian Shirts, enforcers for Griselda Blanco
Kenneth Colthirst, New York resident, 5th Avenue
Gaston Colthirst, his son
Gail Colthirst, his daughter-in-law
Dorcas Palmer, caregiver
Millicent Segree, student nurse
Miss Betsy, manager, God Bless Employment Agency
Monifah Thibodeaux, drug addict

Reception

James' novel was praised for its mastery of voice and genre, encompassing historical epic, spy novel, gang thriller and mythical saga all at once. Writing in Literary Review, Kevin Power praises Marlon James' energy and imagination in his characters' voices: "his command of a range of tones and voices approaches the virtuoso."^[6] However, Power notes the novel's lack of narrative momentum necessary to propel it through nearly 700 pages.

According to Book Marks, the book received "positive" reviews based on 11 critic reviews with 5 being "rave" and 4 being "positive" and 1 being "mixed" and 1 being "pan".^[7] On Bookmarks January/February 2015 issue, a magazine that aggregates critic reviews of books, the book received a (3.5 out of 5) based on critic reviews with a critical summary saying, "Nonetheless, those with "stout heart[s], strong stomach[s] and prodigious powers of concentration" will find much to admire in James's demanding third novel (Minneapolis Star Tribune)".^[8]^[9]

Awards

The book was awarded the 2015 Booker Prize. This was the first time that a Jamaican-born author had won the prize.^[10] According to the BBC: "[Booker chair of judges Michael] Wood said the judges came to a unanimous decision in less than two hours. He praised the book's 'many voices'—it contains more than 75 characters—which 'went from Jamaican slang to Biblical heights'".

In a podcast interview, James said he spent part of the £50,000 Booker Prize money on a lamp in the shape of a life-size horse.^[11]

Awards for **A Brief History of Seven Killings**
Year	Award	Category	Result	Ref.
2014	National Book Critics Circle Award	Fiction	Shortlisted	^[12]
2015	Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence	Fiction	Longlisted	^[13]
	Anisfield-Wolf Book Award	Fiction	Won	^[14]^[15]
	Green Carnation Prize	—	Won	^[16]
	Man Booker Prize	—	Won	^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]
	Minnesota Book Award	Novel & Short Story	Won	^[21]
	OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature	Fiction	Won	^[22]
	PEN/Open Book Award	—	Longlisted	^[23]
2016	International Dublin Literary Award	—	Shortlisted	^[24]

Television

HBO optioned the novel in May 2015 and is planning a television series, although no debut date has been announced.^[25]

References

^ Miller, Kei (10 December 2014). "A Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James review—bloody conflicts in 1970s Jamaica". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
^ Lazar, Zachary (23 October 2014). "Sunday Book Review: 'A Brief History of Seven Killings,' by Marlon James". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
^ "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Goodreads. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
^ Escoffery, Sherman (22 October 2014). "LargeUp Interview: Marlon James on "A Brief History of Seven Killings"". LargeUp. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ Harvey, Chris (13 October 2015). "Marlon James interview: 'I didn't want to fall into a pornography of violence'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ Power, Kevin (28 September 2015). "A Shot in the Arm". Literary Review. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
^ "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Book Marks. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
^ "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Bookmarks. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
^ "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Bibliosurf (in French). 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
^ Masters, Tim (13 October 2015). "Man Booker Prize 2015: Marlon James wins for A Brief History of Seven Killings". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
^ "The Booker Prize Podcast". Retrieved 16 August 2023.
^ "National Book Critics Circle Announces Finalists for Publishing Year 2014". Critical Mass. National Book Critics Circle. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
^ "2015 Winners". Reference & User Services Association (RUSA). 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ "Winners". Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ "Marlon James". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ Anderson, Eric Karl (December 7, 2015). "The Green Carnation Prize 2015 Winner". Lonesome Reader. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ Kellogg, Carolyn (2015-10-13). "Marlon James wins the Man Booker Prize". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ "Man Booker Prize 2015: Marlon James wins for A Brief History of Seven Killings". BBC News. 2015-10-13. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ Brown, Mark (2015-10-13). "Marlon James wins the Man Booker prize 2015". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ Singh, Anita (2015-10-14). "Booker Prize 2015 winner Marlon James: 'I almost gave up'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ "Winners of the 27th Annual Minnesota Book Awards". Minnesota Book Awards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
^ "Top three books named for 2015 OCM Bocas Prize • Bocas Lit Fest". www.bocaslitfest.com. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
^ "2015 PEN Open Book Award". PEN America. 2015-02-02. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ Cain, Sian (2016-04-12). "Shortlist announced for the 2016 International Dublin Literary award". the Guardian. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
^ "Marlon James' Novel A Brief History of Seven Killings to Become HBO TV Series" (Press release). Penguin Books USA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2024.

[1] Miller, Kei (10 December 2014). "A Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James review—bloody conflicts in 1970s Jamaica". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[2] Lazar, Zachary (23 October 2014). "Sunday Book Review: 'A Brief History of Seven Killings,' by Marlon James". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[3] "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Goodreads. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[4] Escoffery, Sherman (22 October 2014). "LargeUp Interview: Marlon James on "A Brief History of Seven Killings"". LargeUp. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[5] Harvey, Chris (13 October 2015). "Marlon James interview: 'I didn't want to fall into a pornography of violence'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[6] Power, Kevin (28 September 2015). "A Shot in the Arm". Literary Review. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

[7] "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Book Marks. Retrieved 16 January 2024.

[8] "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Bookmarks. Retrieved 14 January 2023.

[9] "A Brief History of Seven Killings". Bibliosurf (in French). 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-10-04.

[winner-10] Masters, Tim (13 October 2015). "Man Booker Prize 2015: Marlon James wins for A Brief History of Seven Killings". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2015.

[11] "The Booker Prize Podcast". Retrieved 16 August 2023.

[nbcc2014-12] "National Book Critics Circle Announces Finalists for Publishing Year 2014". Critical Mass. National Book Critics Circle. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.

[13] "2015 Winners". Reference & User Services Association (RUSA). 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[14] "Winners". Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[15] "Marlon James". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[16] Anderson, Eric Karl (December 7, 2015). "The Green Carnation Prize 2015 Winner". Lonesome Reader. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[17] Kellogg, Carolyn (2015-10-13). "Marlon James wins the Man Booker Prize". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[18] "Man Booker Prize 2015: Marlon James wins for A Brief History of Seven Killings". BBC News. 2015-10-13. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[19] Brown, Mark (2015-10-13). "Marlon James wins the Man Booker prize 2015". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[20] Singh, Anita (2015-10-14). "Booker Prize 2015 winner Marlon James: 'I almost gave up'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[21] "Winners of the 27th Annual Minnesota Book Awards". Minnesota Book Awards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.

[22] "Top three books named for 2015 OCM Bocas Prize • Bocas Lit Fest". www.bocaslitfest.com. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2024-09-18.

[23] "2015 PEN Open Book Award". PEN America. 2015-02-02. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[24] Cain, Sian (2016-04-12). "Shortlist announced for the 2016 International Dublin Literary award". the Guardian. Retrieved 2022-11-25.

[25] "Marlon James' Novel A Brief History of Seven Killings to Become HBO TV Series" (Press release). Penguin Books USA. Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2024.

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@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 In a podcast interview, James said he spent part of the {{Currency|50,000|GBP}} Booker Prize money on a lamp in the shape of a life-size horse.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Booker Prize Podcast |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/features/the-booker-prize-podcast-episode-8 |access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable"
+|+Awards for '''''A Brief History of Seven Killings'''''
 !Year
-! colspan="2" |Award
+!Award
+!Category
 !Result
-!{{Abbr|Ref|Referen}}
+!{{Abbr|Ref|References}}.
 |-
 !2014
@@ Line 142: / Line 144: @@
 |<ref name="nbcc2014">{{cite web |date=19 January 2015 |title=National Book Critics Circle Announces Finalists for Publishing Year 2014 |url=http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/national-book-critics-circle-announces-its-finalists-for-publishing-year-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122224418/http://bookcritics.org/blog/archive/national-book-critics-circle-announces-its-finalists-for-publishing-year-20 |archive-date=22 January 2015 |access-date=2 April 2015 |work=Critical Mass |publisher=National Book Critics Circle}}</ref>
 |-
-! rowspan="4" |2015
+! rowspan="7" |2015
+|[[Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction|Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence]]
+|Fiction
+|{{Nom|Longlisted}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-10-20 |title=2015 Winners |url=https://www.ala.org/rusa/awards/carnegie-medals/2015-winners |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Reference & User Services Association (RUSA) |language=en}}</ref>
+|-
 |[[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]]
 |Fiction
 |{{Won}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners |url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marlon James |url=https://www.nationalbook.org/people/marlon-james/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=National Book Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>
-|<ref>The Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards. [http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/winners/winners-by-year/ "Winners by Year".]</ref>
 |-
-|[[Booker Prize]]
+|Green Carnation Prize
 |—
 |{{Won}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Eric Karl |date=December 7, 2015 |title=The Green Carnation Prize 2015 Winner |url=https://lonesomereader.com/blog/2015/12/7/the-green-carnation-prize-2015-winner |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Lonesome Reader |language=en-US}}</ref>
-|<ref>[http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-prize-fiction-2015-shortlist-revealed/ "The Man Booker Prize for Fiction 2015 shortlist is revealed"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925150506/http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-prize-fiction-2015-shortlist-revealed/|date=25 September 2015}}, The Man Booker Prize website, 15 September 2015.
-The 680-page epic was "full of surprises" as well as being "very violent" and "full of swearing". Set across three decades, the novel uses the true story of the attempt on the life of reggae star Marley to explore the turbulent world of Jamaican gangs and politics.
-Wood said the judges had come to a unanimous decision in less than two hours.
-He praised the book's "many voices" – it contains more than 75 characters – which "went from Jamaican slang to Biblical heights".</ref>
 |-
+|[[Booker Prize|Man Booker Prize]]
-|[[Minnesota Book Award]]
+|—
+|{{Won}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kellogg |first=Carolyn |date=2015-10-13 |title=Marlon James wins the Man Booker Prize |url=https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-marlon-james-wins-the-man-booker-prize-20151013-story.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-13 |title=Man Booker Prize 2015: Marlon James wins for A Brief History of Seven Killings |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34511049 |access-date=2022-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=2015-10-13 |title=Marlon James wins the Man Booker prize 2015 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/13/marlon-james-wins-the-man-booker-prize-2015 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Anita |date=2015-10-14 |title=Booker Prize 2015 winner Marlon James: 'I almost gave up' |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/booker-prize/marlon-james-quotes/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>
+|-
+|[[Minnesota Book Awards|Minnesota Book Award]]
 |Novel & Short Story
 |{{Won}}
@@ Line 162: / Line 171: @@
 |-
 |[[OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature]]
+|Fiction
+|{{Won}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-01 |title=Top three books named for 2015 OCM Bocas Prize • Bocas Lit Fest |url=https://www.bocaslitfest.com/2015/04/01/ocm-bocas-prize-2015-shortlist/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.bocaslitfest.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
+|-
+|[[PEN/Open Book|PEN/Open Book Award]]
+|—
+|{{Nom|Longlisted}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-02 |title=2015 PEN Open Book Award |url=https://pen.org/2015-pen-open-book-award/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=PEN America |language=en}}</ref>
+|-
+!2016
+|[[International Dublin Literary Award]]
 |—
 |{{Sho}}
+|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cain |first=Sian |date=2016-04-12 |title=Shortlist announced for the 2016 International Dublin Literary award |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/12/shortlist-2016-impac-dublin-international-literary-award-marlon-james |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
-|<ref>[http://www.bocaslitfest.com/2015/ocm-bocas-prize-2015-shortlist/ "Top three books named for 2015 OCM Bocas Prize"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405011606/http://www.bocaslitfest.com/2015/ocm-bocas-prize-2015-shortlist/|date=5 April 2015}}, [[NGC Bocas Lit Fest]] website, 31 March 2015.</ref>
 |}
@@ Line 179: / Line 199: @@
 [[Category:2014 novels]]
 [[Category:Novels by Marlon James]]
-[[Category:Booker Prize-winning works]]
+[[Category:Booker Prize–winning works]]
 [[Category:Novels set in Jamaica]]
 [[Category:Cultural depictions of Bob Marley]]
 [[Category:Postmodern novels]]
 [[Category:Novels about organized crime]]
-[[Category:American Book Award-winning works]]
+[[Category:American Book Award–winning works]]
 [[Category:Riverhead Books books]]

v t e Works by Marlon James
Literature	John Crow's Devil (2005) The Book of Night Women (2009) A Brief History of Seven Killings (2014) Black Leopard, Red Wolf (2019) Moon Witch, Spider King (2022)
Television	Get Millie Black (2024)

v t e Recipients of the Booker Prize
List of winners and nominated authors The Best of the Booker The Golden Man Booker International Booker Prize
1969–79	1969: P. H. Newby (Something to Answer For) 1970: Bernice Rubens (The Elected Member) 1970 Lost Prize: J. G. Farrell (Troubles) 1971: V. S. Naipaul (In a Free State) 1972: John Berger (G.) 1973: J. G. Farrell (The Siege of Krishnapur) 1974: Nadine Gordimer (The Conservationist) and Stanley Middleton (Holiday) 1975: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (Heat and Dust) 1976: David Storey (Saville) 1977: Paul Scott (Staying On) 1978: Iris Murdoch (The Sea, The Sea) 1979: Penelope Fitzgerald (Offshore)
1980s	1980: William Golding (Rites of Passage) 1981: Salman Rushdie (Midnight's Children) 1982: Thomas Keneally (Schindler's Ark) 1983: J. M. Coetzee (Life & Times of Michael K) 1984: Anita Brookner (Hotel du Lac) 1985: Keri Hulme (The Bone People) 1986: Kingsley Amis (The Old Devils) 1987: Penelope Lively (Moon Tiger) 1988: Peter Carey (Oscar and Lucinda) 1989: Kazuo Ishiguro (The Remains of the Day)
1990s	1990: A. S. Byatt (Possession) 1991: Ben Okri (The Famished Road) 1992: Michael Ondaatje (The English Patient) and Barry Unsworth (Sacred Hunger) 1993: Roddy Doyle (Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha) 1994: James Kelman (How Late It Was, How Late) 1995: Pat Barker (The Ghost Road) 1996: Graham Swift (Last Orders) 1997: Arundhati Roy (The God of Small Things) 1998: Ian McEwan (Amsterdam) 1999: J. M. Coetzee (Disgrace)
2000s	2000: Margaret Atwood (The Blind Assassin) 2001: Peter Carey (True History of the Kelly Gang) 2002: Yann Martel (Life of Pi) 2003: DBC Pierre (Vernon God Little) 2004: Alan Hollinghurst (The Line of Beauty) 2005: John Banville (The Sea) 2006: Kiran Desai (The Inheritance of Loss) 2007: Anne Enright (The Gathering) 2008: Aravind Adiga (The White Tiger) 2009: Hilary Mantel (Wolf Hall)
2010s	2010: Howard Jacobson (The Finkler Question) 2011: Julian Barnes (The Sense of an Ending) 2012: Hilary Mantel (Bring Up the Bodies) 2013: Eleanor Catton (The Luminaries) 2014: Richard Flanagan (The Narrow Road to the Deep North) 2015: Marlon James (A Brief History of Seven Killings) 2016: Paul Beatty (The Sellout) 2017: George Saunders (Lincoln in the Bardo) 2018: Anna Burns (Milkman) 2019: Margaret Atwood (The Testaments) and Bernardine Evaristo (Girl, Woman, Other)
2020s	2020: Douglas Stuart (Shuggie Bain) 2021: Damon Galgut (The Promise) 2022: Shehan Karunatilaka (The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida) 2023: Paul Lynch (Prophet Song) 2024: Samantha Harvey (Orbital)