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This is a type of gastropod that is intermediate between a [[slug]] (without an external shell) and a [[land snail]] (with a large enough shell to retract completely into).
This is a type of gastropod that is intermediate between a [[slug]] (without an external shell) and a [[land snail]] (with a large enough shell to retract completely into).


There exist a number of gastropod families that have semi-slugs species.<ref name="Breure 2010">Breure A. S. H. (2010). "The rediscovery of a semi-slug: ''Coloniconcha prima'' Pilsbry, 1933 (Gastropoda, Pleurodontidae) from Hispaniola". ''[[Basteria]]'' '''74'''(4-6): 78-86.</ref> There exist about 1,000 species of semi-slugs in comparison to about only 500 species of slugs.<ref name="Burton 1982">Burton D. W. (1982). "How to be sluggish". ''[[Tuatara (journal)|Tuatara]]'' '''25'''(2): 48-63. [http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio25Tuat02-t1-body-d2.html HTM].</ref>
There exist a number of gastropod families that have semi-slug species.<ref name="Breure 2010">Breure A. S. H. (2010). "The rediscovery of a semi-slug: ''Coloniconcha prima'' Pilsbry, 1933 (Gastropoda, Pleurodontidae) from Hispaniola". ''[[Basteria]]'' '''74'''(4-6): 78-86.</ref> There exist about 1,000 species of semi-slugs in comparison to about only 500 species of slugs.<ref name="Burton 1982">Burton D. W. (1982). "How to be sluggish". ''[[Tuatara (journal)|Tuatara]]'' '''25'''(2): 48-63. [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio25Tuat02-t1-body-d2.html HTM].</ref>


== Examples ==
== Examples ==
By geographical distribution, semi-slug families include:
Semi-slugs have a worldwide distribution and have evolved in several families; genera include:
* [[Palearctic realm|Palearctic]] and [[Nearctic realm|Nearctic]]
* Asia
** family [[Ariophantidae]]: ''[[Parmarion]]''
** family [[Parmacellidae]]: ''[[Cryptella]]''
** family [[Vitrinidae]]: ''[[Eucobresia]], [[Semilimax]], [[Vitrina]], [[Vitrinobrachium]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Giusti |first1=F. |last2=Fiorentino |first2=V. |last3=Benocci |first3=A. |last4=Manganelli |first4=G. |date=2011 |title=A Survey of Vitrinid Land Snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacoidea) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275555755 |journal=Malacologia |language=en |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=279–363 |doi=10.4002/040.053.0206 |s2cid=86724021 |issn=0076-2997}}</ref>
* Asia - Pacific
** family [[Ariophantidae]]: ''[[Parmarion]]'', ''[[Ratnadvipia]], [[Varadia amboliensis|Varadia]]''
** family [[Helicarionidae]]: ''[[Attenborougharion rubicundus|Attenborougharion]]'', ''[[Helicarion]]'', ''[[Howearion]]'', ''[[Ibycus (gastropod)|Ibycus]]'', ''[[Parmellops]]'', ''[[Ubiquitarion iridis|Ubiquitarion]]''
⚫
** Semi-slugs also exist but are exceptional in the [[Camaenidae]].<ref name="Breure 2010" />
* [[Neotropics]]
* [[Neotropics]]
** family [[Amphibulimidae]]: ''[[Amphibulima]]'' and ''[[Gaeotis]]''<ref name="Breure 2010"/>
** family [[Amphibulimidae]]: ''[[Amphibulima]]'', ''[[Gaeotis]]''<ref name="Breure 2010" />
** family [[Xanthonychidae]]: ''[[Cryptostrakon]]'', ''[[Semiconchula]]'' and ''[[Xanthonyx]]''<ref name="Breure 2010"/>
** family [[Xanthonychidae]]: ''[[Cryptostrakon]]'', ''[[Semiconchula]],'' ''[[Xanthonyx]]''<ref name="Breure 2010" />
** family [[Pleurodontidae]]: ''[[Coloniconcha prima]]''<ref name="Breure 2010"/>
** family [[Pleurodontidae]]: ''[[Coloniconcha prima]]''<ref name="Breure 2010" />
* [[Tropical Africa]]
⚫
** Semi-slugs also exist but are exceptional in the [[Camaenidae]].<ref name="Breure 2010"/>
** family [[Urocyclidae]]: ''[[Gymnarion]]'' {{citation needed|date=January 2024}}


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 00:12, 3 November 2024

Side and top view of a Cryptella canariensis from the Canary Islands
Shell of Cryptella canariensis
An unidentified semi-slug from Uganda

Semi-slugs, also spelled semislugs, are land gastropods whose shells are too small for them to retract into, but not quite vestigial.[1] The shell of some semi-slugs may not be easily visible on casual inspection, because the shell may be covered over with the mantle.

This is a type of gastropod that is intermediate between a slug (without an external shell) and a land snail (with a large enough shell to retract completely into).

There exist a number of gastropod families that have semi-slug species.[2] There exist about 1,000 species of semi-slugs in comparison to about only 500 species of slugs.[1]

Examples

[edit]

Semi-slugs have a worldwide distribution and have evolved in several families; genera include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Burton D. W. (1982). "How to be sluggish". Tuatara 25(2): 48-63. HTM.
  2. ^ a b c d e Breure A. S. H. (2010). "The rediscovery of a semi-slug: Coloniconcha prima Pilsbry, 1933 (Gastropoda, Pleurodontidae) from Hispaniola". Basteria 74(4-6): 78-86.
  3. ^ Giusti, F.; Fiorentino, V.; Benocci, A.; Manganelli, G. (2011). "A Survey of Vitrinid Land Snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Limacoidea)". Malacologia. 53 (2): 279–363. doi:10.4002/040.053.0206. ISSN 0076-2997. S2CID 86724021.
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