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{{Short description|American suffragist (1878–1970)}}
'''Edna Fischel Gellhorn''' (December 18, 1878 – September 24, 1970) was an American suffragist and reformer, born in St. Louis.<ref name=p233>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KWLbbcCQ0T8C&pg=PA233&dq=edna+fischel+gellhorn+born&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QUpbUsHvPIq-kQfN0IGoDw&ved=0CDAQ6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=edna%20fischel%20gellhorn%20born&f=false|title=In Her Place: A Guide to St. Louis Women's History|first=Katharine T.|last=Corbett|publisher=Missouri History Museum|year=1999|isbn=9781883982300|accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref> She attended the [[Mary Institute]] and [[Bryn Mawr College]], and was the student president at each, as well as an elected trustee of Bryn Mawr.<ref name=wustl>{{cite web|url=http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/guides/pdf/gellhorn.pdf |title=Finding Aid for the Edna Gellhorn Papers |publisher=Library.wustl.edu |accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref><ref name=p184>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pZJjTe2FpxMC&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=%22edna+fischel+gellhorn%22&source=bl&ots=ZhDik-mZ5T&sig=lKiGtdjHg7N0w-bsJ7-eUHbTqBg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=f0VbUuKhOpK0kQfE-oGYCQ&ved=0CGkQ6AEwDw#v=onepage&q=%22edna%20fischel%20gellhorn%22&f=false|title=Movers and Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery|first=Carol|last=Ferring Shepley|publisher=Missouri History Museum|year=2008|isbn=9781883982652|accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref> She graduated from Bryn Mawr in 1900.<ref name=wustl />
{{Infobox person
| name = Edna Fischel Gellhorn<!-- use common name/article title -->
| image = Edna Fischel Gellhorn.jpg<!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption =
| birth_name = Edna Fischel<!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|12|18}}
| birth_place = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], [[United States]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|09|24|1878|12|18}}
| death_place = St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| nationality = American
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[Bryn Mawr College]]
| occupation = [[Suffragist]]<br/>[[Social reformer]]
| years_active =
| known_for = Co-founding the [[National League of Women Voters]]
| notable_works =
⚫
}}


'''Edna Fischel Gellhorn''' (1878 – 1970) was an American suffragist and reformer who helped found the [[League of Women Voters]].<ref name=p233>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWLbbcCQ0T8C&q=edna+fischel+gellhorn+born&pg=PA233|title=In Her Place: A Guide to St. Louis Women's History|first=Katharine T.|last=Corbett|publisher=Missouri History Museum|year=1999|isbn=9781883982300|accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref>
⚫
She was an officer in the St. Louis and Missouri State Equal Suffrage Leagues from 1910 until the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Nineteenth Amendment]] was passed in 1919.<ref name=p233 />


== Early life ==
⚫
In 1920 Gellhorn became the first vice president and one of the founders of the [[National League of Women Voters]].<ref name=wustl /> She also served on the National League’s board, and as president of the St. Louis and Missouri Leagues.<ref name=wustl /> Gellhorn was asked to be the president of the National League by [[Carrie Chapman Catt]], but refused.<ref name=p233 /><ref name=p184 /> She was, however, elected to the League's state and national Rolls of Honor.<ref name=p233 />
Edna Fischel Gellhorn was born on December 18, 1878, in [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. Her father taught clinical medicine as a professor at [[Washington University School of Medicine]] and helped co-found the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital. Her mother was Martha Ellis Fischel. Both parents were involved in the [[The Ethical Society of St. Louis|Ethical Culture Society of St. Louis]]. Influenced by her parents, Fischel was involved in the community and dedicated her time to civic work.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://shsmo.org/historicmissourians/name/g/gellhorne/|title=The State Historical Society of Missouri|last=|first=|date=|website=Edna Gellhorn|publisher=|access-date=2016-09-11|archive-date=2018-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010171457/https://shsmo.org/historicmissourians/name/g/gellhorne/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stltoday.newspapers.com/image/138881014/?terms=Marguerite+Martyn|title=30 May 1933, Page 15 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com|website=St. Louis Post Dispatch}}</ref> She attended the [[Mary Institute]] and [[Bryn Mawr College]]. She served as student president at each school.<ref name="wustl">{{cite web|url=http://archon.wulib.wustl.edu/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=195 |title=Finding Aid for the Edna Gellhorn Papers |publisher=Library.wustl.edu |accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref><ref name="p184">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZJjTe2FpxMC&q=%22edna+fischel+gellhorn%22&pg=PA184|title=Movers and Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery|first=Carol|last=Ferring Shepley|publisher=Missouri History Museum|year=2008|isbn=9781883982652|accessdate=2013-10-14}}</ref> Upon graduating from Bryn Mawr in 1900, Fischel was elected lifetime president of her class.<ref name="wustl" />


Gellhorn was also active in other reforms. She helped found and worked for the [[United Nations Association]], the [[National Municipal League]], and the [[American Association of University Women]], and she served as regional director of the food rationing programs during World War I.<ref name=wustl />


== Work for women's rights ==
⚫
In 1968, [[Washington University]] created the [[Edna Fischel Gellhorn Professorship of Public Affairs]], a chair endowed by admirers.<ref name=wustl /> At age 79, Gellhorn was selected as Woman of Achievement by the ''St. Louis Globe-Democrat''.<ref name=wustl /> She died in St. Louis at the age of 91.
[[File:The Golden Lane.jpg|thumb|left|The Golden Lane]]


⚫
Gellhorn was an officer in both the St. Louis and Missouri State Equal Suffrage Leagues from 1910 until the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Nineteenth Amendment]] was passed in 1919.<ref name="p233" />
Some of her papers are held as the Edna Gellhorn Papers, held at the University Archives, Department of Special Collections, Washington University Libraries, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1061, St. Louis, MO 63130.<ref name=wustl />


In 1916, she participated in a women's rights protest dubbed "The Golden Lane" at the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]'s national convention, held that year in St. Louis. Some 7,000 women carrying yellow parasols and wearing yellow sashes lined both sides of the road leading to the [[St. Louis Coliseum]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Martha K. |date=2007-12-04 |title=And Have You Heard Of ... ? |url=https://www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/December-2007/And-Have-You-Heard-Of-/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=St. Louis magazine |language=en-us}}</ref> In the front row were two little girls, Mary Taussig and Martha Gellhorn (Gellhorn's daughter), representing future voters.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Golden Lane, suffragettes at the 1916 convention. |url=https://law.wustl.edu/Staff/Taylor/WOMEN/MOOFFMAN/mooff2/1stlib.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120073949/http://law.wustl.edu/Staff/Taylor/WOMEN/MOOFFMAN/mooff2/1stlib.htm |archive-date=20 January 2018 |accessdate=4 August 2017}}</ref> A black-cloth-draped tableau of "states with no votes for women" was placed in front of the [[Saint Louis Art Museum|St. Louis Art Museum]].
The journalist [[Martha Gellhorn]] is her daughter.

⚫
In 1920, Gellhorn became one of the founders of the [[National League of Women Voters]].<ref name="wustl" /> She declined [[Carrie Chapman Catt]]'s invitation to become the organization's president, but served instead as vice-president,<ref name="p233" /><ref name="p184" /> as a member of its board of directors, and as president of the St. Louis League for three terms. She also served as the first president of the Missouri League of Women Voters.<ref name="wustl" /><ref name=":0" /> She was elected to the League's state and national Rolls of Honor.<ref name="p233" />
{{Clear}}

== Other reform efforts ==
Gellhorn co-founded and worked for the [[United Nations Association]], the [[National Municipal League]], and the [[American Association of University Women]], and she was the regional director of the food rationing programs during World War I.<ref name="wustl" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 25, 1970 |title=EDNA F. GELLHORN 91, EX-ST. LOUIS OFFICIAL |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1970/09/25/355141762.html?pageNumber=46 |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>

Gellhorn supported racial equality. In 1919, she cast the deciding vote in a vote held by the St. Louis League of Women Voters that would allow African-American women to serve on the board. Just two years later, Gellhorn, along with the rest of the League, left the Advisory Board, a collective of St. Louis women's organizations, because the organization would not allow African-American women.<ref name=":0" />

In 1923, she helped found [[John Burroughs School]] in suburban Ladue, Missouri.<ref name=":1" />

In 1923, the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' wrote of Edna Gellhorn that she "is known as one of the foremost leaders of the movement in this country. It is in her gift of oratory, infectious enthusiasm, and great dramatic gifts, through which she is able to convert others to her convictions, that she is most effective in any cause with which she is identified, no executive or organizational abilities are not less marked".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Martyn |first=Margeurite |date=1923-11-28 |title=Mrs. George Gellhorn Active in League of Women Voters |pages=28 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-mrs-george-gell/133430549/ |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
⚫
In 1968, [[Washington University in St. Louis]] created the Edna Fischel Gellhorn Professorship of Public Affairs.<ref name=wustl /> At age 79, Gellhorn was selected as Woman of Achievement by the ''St. Louis Globe-Democrat''.<ref name=wustl />

She died in St. Louis in 1970.

Her papers are held in the collection of Washington University in St. Louis.<ref name=wustl />

Edna Fischel Gellhorn's daughter, [[Martha Gellhorn]], was a [[war reporter]].[[Martha Gellhorn#cite note-2|[2]]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
{{Persondata

| NAME = Gellhorn, Edna Fischel
* {{commons category-inline}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
* [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1970/09/25/355141762.html?pageNumber=46 Gellhorn's obituary] in the ''New York Times''
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American suffragist
{{authority control}}
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 18, 1878

| PLACE OF BIRTH = St. Louis
| DATE OF DEATH = September 24, 1970
| PLACE OF DEATH = St. Louis
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gellhorn, Edna Fischel}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gellhorn, Edna Fischel}}
[[Category:American suffragists]]
[[Category:Suffragists from Missouri]]
⚫
[[Category:Suffragists]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis, Missouri]]
[[Category:People from St. Louis]]
[[Category:American people of German-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the League of Women Voters]]
⚫
[[Category:Women in St. Louis]]

Latest revision as of 01:48, 3 November 2024

Edna Fischel Gellhorn
Born
Edna Fischel

(1878-12-18)December 18, 1878
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
DiedSeptember 24, 1970(1970-09-24) (aged 91)
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materBryn Mawr College
Occupation(s)Suffragist
Social reformer
Known forCo-founding the National League of Women Voters

Edna Fischel Gellhorn (1878 – 1970) was an American suffragist and reformer who helped found the League of Women Voters.[1]

Early life

[edit]

Edna Fischel Gellhorn was born on December 18, 1878, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her father taught clinical medicine as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and helped co-found the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital. Her mother was Martha Ellis Fischel. Both parents were involved in the Ethical Culture Society of St. Louis. Influenced by her parents, Fischel was involved in the community and dedicated her time to civic work.[2][3] She attended the Mary Institute and Bryn Mawr College. She served as student president at each school.[4][5] Upon graduating from Bryn Mawr in 1900, Fischel was elected lifetime president of her class.[4]


Work for women's rights

[edit]
The Golden Lane

Gellhorn was an officer in both the St. Louis and Missouri State Equal Suffrage Leagues from 1910 until the Nineteenth Amendment was passed in 1919.[1]

In 1916, she participated in a women's rights protest dubbed "The Golden Lane" at the Democratic Party's national convention, held that year in St. Louis. Some 7,000 women carrying yellow parasols and wearing yellow sashes lined both sides of the road leading to the St. Louis Coliseum.[6] In the front row were two little girls, Mary Taussig and Martha Gellhorn (Gellhorn's daughter), representing future voters.[7] A black-cloth-draped tableau of "states with no votes for women" was placed in front of the St. Louis Art Museum.

In 1920, Gellhorn became one of the founders of the National League of Women Voters.[4] She declined Carrie Chapman Catt's invitation to become the organization's president, but served instead as vice-president,[1][5] as a member of its board of directors, and as president of the St. Louis League for three terms. She also served as the first president of the Missouri League of Women Voters.[4][2] She was elected to the League's state and national Rolls of Honor.[1]

Other reform efforts

[edit]

Gellhorn co-founded and worked for the United Nations Association, the National Municipal League, and the American Association of University Women, and she was the regional director of the food rationing programs during World War I.[4][8]

Gellhorn supported racial equality. In 1919, she cast the deciding vote in a vote held by the St. Louis League of Women Voters that would allow African-American women to serve on the board. Just two years later, Gellhorn, along with the rest of the League, left the Advisory Board, a collective of St. Louis women's organizations, because the organization would not allow African-American women.[2]

In 1923, she helped found John Burroughs School in suburban Ladue, Missouri.[6]

In 1923, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote of Edna Gellhorn that she "is known as one of the foremost leaders of the movement in this country. It is in her gift of oratory, infectious enthusiasm, and great dramatic gifts, through which she is able to convert others to her convictions, that she is most effective in any cause with which she is identified, no executive or organizational abilities are not less marked".[9]

Death and legacy

[edit]

In 1968, Washington University in St. Louis created the Edna Fischel Gellhorn Professorship of Public Affairs.[4] At age 79, Gellhorn was selected as Woman of Achievement by the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.[4]

She died in St. Louis in 1970.

Her papers are held in the collection of Washington University in St. Louis.[4]

Edna Fischel Gellhorn's daughter, Martha Gellhorn, was a war reporter.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Corbett, Katharine T. (1999). In Her Place: A Guide to St. Louis Women's History. Missouri History Museum. ISBN 9781883982300. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  2. ^ a b c "The State Historical Society of Missouri". Edna Gellhorn. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2016-09-11.
  3. ^ "30 May 1933, Page 15 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch at Newspapers.com". St. Louis Post Dispatch.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Finding Aid for the Edna Gellhorn Papers". Library.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  5. ^ a b Ferring Shepley, Carol (2008). Movers and Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery. Missouri History Museum. ISBN 9781883982652. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
  6. ^ a b Baker, Martha K. (2007-12-04). "And Have You Heard Of ... ?". St. Louis magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  7. ^ "The Golden Lane, suffragettes at the 1916 convention". Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  8. ^ "EDNA F. GELLHORN 91, EX-ST. LOUIS OFFICIAL". The New York Times. September 25, 1970. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  9. ^ Martyn, Margeurite (1923-11-28). "Mrs. George Gellhorn Active in League of Women Voters". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. 28. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
[edit]
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