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{{Short description|Soviet sniper in World War II}}
{{family name hatnote|Aleksandrovich|Passar|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name = Maksim Passar
|name = Maksim Passar
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|rank = Senior Sergeant
|rank = Senior Sergeant
|serviceyears = 1942{{endash}}1943
|serviceyears = 1942{{endash}}1943
|battles = [[World War II]]
|battles = [[World War II]]{{KIA}}
|unit = 117 [[Rifle regiment|RR]]/ [[23rd Rifle Division|23 RD]]/ [[21st Army (Soviet Union)|21 A]]/ [[Stalingrad Front|StalF]] <br>
|unit = 117th Infantry Regiment
117 [[Rifle regiment|RR]]/ [[71st Guards Rifle Division|71 GRD]]/ [[Northwestern Operational Command|65 A]]/ [[Don Front|DonF]]
⚫
|awards = [[Hero of the Russian Federation]]
|awards = [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] <br> Two [[Order of the Red Banner|Orders of the Red Banner]]
}}
}}
'''Maksim Aleksandrovich Passar''' ({{Lang-ru|Максим Александрович Пассар}}; 30 August 1923 {{En dash}} 22 January 1943) was a sniper in the Red Army during World War II credited with killing 237 enemy soldiers. Decades after he was killed in action during the war he was posthumously awarded the title [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] in 2010.
'''Maksim Aleksandrovich Passar''' ({{Langx|ru|Максим Александрович Пассар}}; 30 August 1923 {{En dash}} 22 January 1943) was a Soviet sniper in the [[Red Army]] during [[World War II]] credited with killing 237 enemy soldiers.<ref>[https://pamyat-naroda.ru/heroes/podvig-chelovek_nagrazhdenie150323637 Digitized award list] ; Text from award list for the Second Order of the Red Banner: « [...] On his account 237 Krauts. [...] The sniper platoon under the command of Comrade Passar destroyed 775 fascists. [...] He brought up such masters of sniping as the renowned sniper Vladimir Salbiev - he killed 160 fascists, [...] Frolov - he killed 193 Krauts, Matveev - 94 fascists, Kartuesov - 106, Vorobyev - 96, Moskovsky - 93 [...] »</ref> Decades after he was killed in action during the war, he was posthumously awarded the title [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] in 2010.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Passar was born on 30 August 1923 to a [[Nanai people|Nanai]] family of [[Fur hunting|fur hunters]] in Nizhny Katar (Нижний Катар){{CoordDMS|48°|49'|11"|N|135°|20'|25"|E}} in the present-day [[Nanaysky District]] of the [[Russian Far East]].
⚫
Passar was born on 30 August 1923 to a [[Nanai people|Nanai]] family of fur hunters in Nizhny Katar of the Russian Far East. As a young child he helped his father hunt for furred animals, gaining strong marksmanship skills to shoot squirrels in the eye to be able to use as much of the fur as possible as well as developing the patience to remain still observing a target in the winter cold. Having started attending school in 1933, he dreamed of going to Leningrad for higher education after graduating.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Пассар Максим Александрович|url=http://soviet-aces-1936-53.ru/snipers/abc/p/passar.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-12|website=soviet-aces-1936-53.ru}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Smirov|first=Vitaly|date=|title=Пассар Максим Александрович|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=12500|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.warheroes.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVoqAQAAIAAJ|title=Волга|publisher=Приволжское книжное изд-во|year=1971|isbn=|location=Saratov|pages=149|language=ru|oclc=2172520}}</ref>

⚫
As a young child, Passar helped his father hunt for furred animals. From this, he gained strong marksmanship skills, including the ability to shoot squirrels in the eye so that he could use as much of the fur as possible. He also developed the patience necessary to remain still observing a target in the winter cold. Having started attending school in 1933, he dreamed of going to [[Leningrad]] for higher education after graduating.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Пассар Максим Александрович|url=http://soviet-aces-1936-53.ru/snipers/abc/p/passar.htm|access-date=2020-09-12|website=soviet-aces-1936-53.ru}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Smirov|first=Vitaly|title=Пассар Максим Александрович|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=12500|access-date=2020-09-12|website=www.warheroes.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVoqAQAAIAAJ|title=Волга|publisher=Приволжское книжное изд-во|year=1971|location=Saratov|pages=149|language=ru|oclc=2172520}}</ref> He was the older brother of [[poet]] Andrei Passar [<nowiki/>[[:ru:Пассар,_Андрей_Александрович|ru]]].


== World War II ==
== World War II ==
Despite traveling 60 kilometers to reach the Troitsk military enlistment office in February 1942 to join the army and demonstrating his sharpshooting skills to the recruiters, he was initially posted as a mortarman on the front. However, he was soon allowed to switch to becoming a sniper and placed in brief sniper training. He went on to participate in the Battle of Stalingrad starting in July 1942, where he became one of the best snipers. By early September 1942 he was credited with taking out 56 enemy combatants, having adopted a daily routine of stalking potential targets in his trench from dawn to dusk. Later that month on 28 September he celebrated his 100th kill, noting the date in his diary. By November he increased his tally to 152 kills, and despite being wounded in battle in December he remained on the front lines. Passar's photo and descriptions of his accomplishments as a sniper were featured in several wartime newspaper issues including [[Pravda]], [[Komsomolskaya Pravda]], and Krasnaya Armiya. After the publicity, the German Army put a [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] of 100,000 marks for his death. In addition to his regular sniper duties he also trained other snipers, three of whom went on to tally over 100 kills each before his death. On 22 January 1943 he was killed in action while taking out machine gun crews he was buried in the mass grave in Gorodishche; his tally at the time of his death 237 enemy soldiers killed. A memorial marker with his name on the gravesite mistakenly labeled him as a [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], even though his nomination for the title in February 1943 was reduced to the Order of the Red Banner. His comrades from the war petitioned for him to receive the title later, but it was never awarded. He was eventually made a [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] on 16 February 2010.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nosachev|first=Nikolai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkkpAQAAMAAJ|title=Молодсть в шинели: записки комсомольского работника|publisher=Калининградское книжное изд-во|year=1975|isbn=|location=Kaliningrad|pages=34|language=ru}}</ref>
After traveling 60 kilometers on foot to the [[Troitskoye, Khabarovsk Krai|Troitsk]] military enlistment office in February 1942 to join the army, and despite demonstrating his sharpshooting skills to the recruiters, he was initially posted as a mortarman on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. However, he was soon allowed to switch to become a sniper and placed in brief sniper training.
Passar went on to participate in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] starting in July 1942, where he became one of the best snipers. By early September 1942, he was credited with taking out 56 enemy combatants, having adopted a daily routine of stalking potential targets in his trench from dawn to dusk. Later that month, on 28 September, he celebrated his 100th kill, noting the date in his diary. By November, he increased his tally to 152 kills, and despite being wounded in battle in December, he remained on the front lines.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4"/>
Passar's photo and descriptions of his accomplishments as a sniper were featured in several wartime newspaper issues including [[Pravda]], [[Komsomolskaya Pravda]], and Krasnaya Armiya. After the publicity, the [[Wehrmacht|German Army]] put a [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] of 100,000 [[Reichsmark|marks]] for his death. In addition to his regular sniper duties, he also trained other snipers, three of whom went on to tally over 100 kills each before his death.
On 22 January 1943, Passar was killed in action while taking out machine gun crews and was buried in the mass grave in [[Gorodishche, Volgograd Oblast|Gorodishche]]. His tally at the time of his death 237 enemy soldiers killed.
A memorial marker with Passar's name on the grave site mistakenly labeled him as a [[Hero of the Soviet Union]], even though his nomination for the title in February 1943 was reduced to the [[Order of the Red Banner]]. His comrades from the war petitioned for him to receive the title later, but it was never awarded. He was eventually made a [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] on 16 February 2010.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Nosachev|first=Nikolai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkkpAQAAMAAJ|title=Молодсть в шинели: записки комсомольского работника|publisher=Калининградское книжное изд-во|year=1975|location=Kaliningrad|pages=34|language=ru}}</ref>


== Awards ==
== Awards ==
* [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] (16 February 2010)
* [[Hero of the Russian Federation]] (16 February 2010)
* Two [[Order of the Red Banner]] (17 October 1942 and 23 April 1943)
* Two [[Order of the Red Banner|Orders of the Red Banner]] (17 October 1942 and 23 April 1943)<ref name=":3" />

<ref name=":3" />
==See also==
⚫
*[[List of Heroes of the Russian Federation]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Khabarovsk Krai]]
[[Category:Heroes of the Russian Federation]]
[[Category:Heroes of the Russian Federation]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:Soviet military snipers]]
[[Category:Soviet military snipers]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Nanai people]]

Latest revision as of 02:23, 3 November 2024

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Aleksandrovich and the family name is Passar.
Maksim Passar
Native name
Максим Александрович Пассар
Born30 August 1923
Nizhny Katar village, Far Eastern Krai, USSR
(located within present-day Khabarovsk Krai)
Died22 January 1943 (aged 19)
Peschanka village, Gorodishchensky District, USSR
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service / branchRed Army
Years of service1942–1943
RankSenior Sergeant
Unit117 RR/ 23 RD/ 21 A/ StalF
117 RR/ 71 GRD/ 65 A/ DonF
Battles / warsWorld War II †
AwardsHero of the Russian Federation
Two Orders of the Red Banner

Maksim Aleksandrovich Passar (Russian: Максим Александрович Пассар; 30 August 1923 – 22 January 1943) was a Soviet sniper in the Red Army during World War II credited with killing 237 enemy soldiers.[1] Decades after he was killed in action during the war, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 2010.

Early life

[edit]

Passar was born on 30 August 1923 to a Nanai family of fur hunters in Nizhny Katar (Нижний Катар) in the present-day Nanaysky District of the Russian Far East.

As a young child, Passar helped his father hunt for furred animals. From this, he gained strong marksmanship skills, including the ability to shoot squirrels in the eye so that he could use as much of the fur as possible. He also developed the patience necessary to remain still observing a target in the winter cold. Having started attending school in 1933, he dreamed of going to Leningrad for higher education after graduating.[2][3][4] He was the older brother of poet Andrei Passar [ru].

World War II

[edit]

After traveling 60 kilometers on foot to the Troitsk military enlistment office in February 1942 to join the army, and despite demonstrating his sharpshooting skills to the recruiters, he was initially posted as a mortarman on the Eastern Front. However, he was soon allowed to switch to become a sniper and placed in brief sniper training.

Passar went on to participate in the Battle of Stalingrad starting in July 1942, where he became one of the best snipers. By early September 1942, he was credited with taking out 56 enemy combatants, having adopted a daily routine of stalking potential targets in his trench from dawn to dusk. Later that month, on 28 September, he celebrated his 100th kill, noting the date in his diary. By November, he increased his tally to 152 kills, and despite being wounded in battle in December, he remained on the front lines.[2][3][5]

Passar's photo and descriptions of his accomplishments as a sniper were featured in several wartime newspaper issues including Pravda, Komsomolskaya Pravda, and Krasnaya Armiya. After the publicity, the German Army put a bounty of 100,000 marks for his death. In addition to his regular sniper duties, he also trained other snipers, three of whom went on to tally over 100 kills each before his death.

On 22 January 1943, Passar was killed in action while taking out machine gun crews and was buried in the mass grave in Gorodishche. His tally at the time of his death 237 enemy soldiers killed.

A memorial marker with Passar's name on the grave site mistakenly labeled him as a Hero of the Soviet Union, even though his nomination for the title in February 1943 was reduced to the Order of the Red Banner. His comrades from the war petitioned for him to receive the title later, but it was never awarded. He was eventually made a Hero of the Russian Federation on 16 February 2010.[2][3][5]

Awards

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Digitized award list ; Text from award list for the Second Order of the Red Banner: « [...] On his account 237 Krauts. [...] The sniper platoon under the command of Comrade Passar destroyed 775 fascists. [...] He brought up such masters of sniping as the renowned sniper Vladimir Salbiev - he killed 160 fascists, [...] Frolov - he killed 193 Krauts, Matveev - 94 fascists, Kartuesov - 106, Vorobyev - 96, Moskovsky - 93 [...] »
  2. ^ a b c "Пассар Максим Александрович". soviet-aces-1936-53.ru. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  3. ^ a b c d Smirov, Vitaly. "Пассар Максим Александрович". www.warheroes.ru. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  4. ^ Волга (in Russian). Saratov: Приволжское книжное изд-во. 1971. p. 149. OCLC 2172520.
  5. ^ a b Nosachev, Nikolai (1975). Молодсть в шинели: записки комсомольского работника (in Russian). Kaliningrad: Калининградское книжное изд-во. p. 34.
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