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Coordinates: 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E / 39.7162; 76.1684
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Artush
| name = Artush
| native_name = {{native name|zh-Hans-CN|阿图什市}}<br />{{native name|ug-Arab|ئاتۇش شەھىرى}}<br />{{native name|ky-Arab|ارتىش شاارى}}
| official_name = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| other_name = Artux, Atush
| native_name = {{native name|zh-Hans-CN|阿图什市}}<br />{{native name|ug|ئاتۇش شەھىرى}}<br />{{native name|ky-Arab|ارتىش شاارى}}
| pushpin_map = China Xinjiang Southern#Xinjiang#China
| other_name = Artux, Atush
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_map = China Xinjiang Southern
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Xinjiang
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Xinjiang
| settlement_type = [[County-level city]]
| settlement_type = [[County-level city]]
| image_skyline = Tomb of Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan (crop).jpg
| image_skyline = Tomb of Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan (crop).jpg
| image_caption = Tomb of [[Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan|Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan]]
| image_caption = Tomb of [[Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan|Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan]]
| image_map =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_name = [[China]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture|Kizilsu (Kirghiz)]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture|Kizilsu]]
| seat_type = Municipal seat
| area_total_km2 = 15697.78
| seat = [[Guangming Road Subdistrict, Artush|Guangming Road Subdistrict]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name="xzqhartux"/>
| area_total_km2 = 15,697.78
| population =
| area_footnotes = <ref name="xzqhartux"/>
| population_as_of = 2015
| population =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_total = 269317
| population_total = 290,936
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2015pop"/>
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties]</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics_type2 = [[List of ethnic groups in China|Ethnic groups]]
| demographics2_title1 = Major ethnic groups
| demographics1_title1 = [[List of ethnic groups in China|Major ethnic groups]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{ubl|81.4% [[Uyghurs]]|11% [[Kyrgyz in China|Kyrgyz]]|7.3% [[Han Chinese]]}}
| demographics2_info1 = [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]]<ref name="xzqhartux1997"/>
| coor_pinpoint = Artux municipal government
| coor_pinpoint = Artush municipal government
| coordinates = {{coord|39.7162|N|76.1684|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| coordinates = {{coord|39.7162|N|76.1684|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe [[UTC+6]] ([[Xinjiang Time]]), 2 hours behind Beijing.}}
| website = {{URL|www.xjats.gov.cn}} {{in lang|zh-hans}}
| utc_offset = +8
| website = {{URL|www.xjats.gov.cn}} {{in lang|zh-hans}}
}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
{{Infobox Chinese
Line 44: Line 48:
| sgs = Atux
| sgs = Atux
| usy = Атуш
| usy = Атуш
| lang1 = [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]
| lang1 = ky
| lang1_content = {{lang|ky-Arab|ارتىش}}<br/>Артыш<br/>{{lang|ky-Latn|Artysh}}
| lang1_content = {{lang|ky-Arab|ارتىش}}<br/>{{lang|ky|Артыш}}<br/>{{lang|ky-Latn|Artysh}}
}}
}}


'''Artux'''<ref name="earthquake2020">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/19/c_138718808.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929194404/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/19/c_138718808.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2021|title=5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC|date=19 January 2020|access-date=6 August 2020|website=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|editor=Mu Xuequan|quote= the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region}}</ref> or '''Artush'''<ref name="wapoartush"/><ref name="voaartush"/> is a county-level city and the capital of the Kyrgyz autonomous prefecture of [[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture|Kizilsu]] in [[Xinjiang]], China. The [[Seat of local government|government seat]] is in Guangminglu Subdistrict.<ref name="Akqi2019b">{{cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22300.html|script-title=zh:阿图什市概况|publisher=xzqh.org|date=2015-01-29|access-date=2019-09-30}}</ref>
'''Artush'''<ref name="wapoartush" /><ref name="voaartush" /> ({{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|t|ʊ|ʃ}} {{respell|ar|TUUSH}}; also transliterated as '''Artux'''<ref name="earthquake2020">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/19/c_138718808.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929194404/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/19/c_138718808.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 29, 2021|title=5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC|date=19 January 2020|access-date=6 August 2020|website=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|editor=Mu Xuequan|quote= the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region}}</ref> or '''Atush'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/atush-02042020161321.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=en}}</ref>) is a county-level city and the capital of [[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[Xinjiang]], China. The [[Seat of local government|government seat]] is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.<ref name="Akqi2019b">{{cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22300.html|script-title=zh:阿图什市概况|publisher=xzqh.org|date=2015-01-29|access-date=2019-09-30}}</ref> As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are [[Uyghurs]].<ref name="2018 population">{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=|script-title=zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数|trans-title=3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)|url=http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|archive-date=2020-11-01|access-date=2021-06-11|website=tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn|publisher=Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|language=zh}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:ShiptonsArchHDR.jpg|left|thumb|[[Shipton's Arch]]]]
[[File:ShiptonsArchHDR.jpg|left|thumb|[[Shipton's Arch]]]]
[[File:Artush-man Skull.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Artush-man skull, dated 10,000 BP, excavated in Arghu village, Artush]]
In January 1943, Artux County was established.<ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="cihai"/>
In January 1943, Artush County was established.<ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="cihai"/>


In June 1986, Artux County became Artux City.<ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="cihai"/>
In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.<ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="cihai"/>


In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque ({{coord|39|41|33.46|N|76|7|25.88|E}}) was removed.<ref name="wapoartush">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht|title=In China, every day is Kristallnacht|date=3 November 2019|access-date=10 August 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Fred Hiatt|quote=The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.}}</ref><ref name="voaartush">{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/us-china-targets-uighur-mosques-eradicate-minoritys-faith|title=US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith|date=1 December 2019|access-date=11 August 2020|website=[[Voice of America]]|author=Asim Kashgarian|quote=Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.<br>10/8/2016 9/8/2018<br>39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E<br>Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque.}}</ref> In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.
In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque ({{coord|39|41|33.46|N|76|7|25.88|E}}) was removed.<ref name="wapoartush">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht|title=In China, every day is Kristallnacht|date=3 November 2019|access-date=10 August 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Fred Hiatt|quote=The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.}}</ref><ref name="voaartush">{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/us-china-targets-uighur-mosques-eradicate-minoritys-faith|title=US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith|date=1 December 2019|access-date=11 August 2020|website=[[Voice of America]]|author=Asim Kashgarian|quote=Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.<br>10/8/2016 9/8/2018<br>39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E<br>Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque.}}</ref> In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.


At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.<ref name="earthquake2020"/>
The Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux is one of the [[Xinjiang re-education camps]].<ref name="wapoartux">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/24/secret-documents-detail-inner-workings-chinas-mass-detention-camps-minorities/|title=Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities|date=25 November 2019|access-date=11 August 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|authors=Hannah Knowles, Kim Bellware and Lateshia Beachum|quote=A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.}}</ref>

At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artux.<ref name="earthquake2020"/>


==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
It is situated in the northwest part of the [[Tarim Basin]], south of the [[Tian Shan|Tien Shan]] mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artux has a [[desert climate#Cold desert climates|cool arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BWk'') with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|13.1|C}} and the annual mean precipitation around {{convert|95|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.
It is situated in the northwest part of the [[Tarim Basin]], south of the [[Tian Shan|Tien Shan]] mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a [[desert climate#Cold desert climates|cool arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BWk'') with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|13.1|C}} and the annual mean precipitation around {{convert|95|mm|in|2|disp=or}}. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.


{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location = Artux (1981–2010 normals)
|location = Artush, elevation {{convert|1268|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
|metric first=y
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|single line=y
Line 82: Line 85:
| Nov record high C = 25.1
| Nov record high C = 25.1
| Dec record high C = 18.9
| Dec record high C = 18.9
|Jan high C = 0.3
|Feb high C = 6.0
|Mar high C = 14.4
|Apr high C = 22.6
|May high C = 27.6
|Jun high C = 31.5
|Jul high C = 33.5
|Aug high C = 32.5
|Sep high C = 27.7
|Oct high C = 20.2
|Nov high C = 10.8
|Dec high C = 2.0
|Jan mean C = -4.7
|Feb mean C = -0.7
|Mar mean C = 9.0
|Apr mean C = 16.7
|May mean C = 21.5
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jul mean C = 27.1
|Aug mean C = 26.2
|Sep mean C = 21.3
|Oct mean C = 13.8
|Nov mean C = 4.9
|Dec mean C = -2.8
|Jan low C = -8.8
|Feb low C = -4.2
|Mar low C = 3.8
|Apr low C = 10.9
|May low C = 15.6
|Jun low C = 19.1
|Jul low C = 20.9
|Aug low C = 20.0
|Sep low C = 15.1
|Oct low C = 7.7
|Nov low C = -0.2
|Dec low C = -6.6
| Jan record low C = -20.5
| Jan record low C = -20.5
| Feb record low C = -20.7
| Feb record low C = -20.7
Line 130: Line 97:
| Nov record low C = -12.6
| Nov record low C = -12.6
| Dec record low C = -19.9
| Dec record low C = -19.9
|Jan high C = 0.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 2.7
|Feb high C = 6.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 4.9
|Mar high C = 15.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 8.6
|Apr high C = 23.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 6.4
|May high C = 27.8
|May precipitation mm = 13.0
|Jun high C = 31.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 12.3
|Jul high C = 33.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 13.6
|Aug high C = 32.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 13.5
|Sep high C = 27.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 10.2
|Oct high C = 20.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 6.7
|Nov high C = 11.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 2.5
|Dec high C = 2.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.4
|Jan mean C = -5.0
|Jan humidity = 62
|Feb mean C = 0.8
|Feb humidity = 50
|Mar mean C = 9.7
|Mar humidity = 38
|Apr mean C = 17.2
|Apr humidity = 30
|May mean C = 21.6
|May humidity = 30
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jun humidity = 30
|Jul mean C = 27.1
|Jul humidity = 32
|Aug mean C = 25.9
|Aug humidity = 35
|Sep mean C = 21.3
|Sep humidity = 38
|Oct mean C = 13.9
|Oct humidity = 42
|Nov mean C = 5.1
|Nov humidity = 52
|Dec mean C = -2.7
|Dec humidity = 64
|Jan low C = -9.0
|Feb low C = -3.9
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-cn |access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>
|Mar low C = 4.4
|Apr low C = 11.5
|May low C = 15.8
|Jun low C = 19.3
|Jul low C = 21.0
|Aug low C = 19.8
|Sep low C = 15.3
|Oct low C = 7.9
|Nov low C = 0.1
|Dec low C = -6.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 3.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 8.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 6.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 6.0
|May precipitation mm = 15.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 14.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 14.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 15.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 10.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 5.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 3.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 3.6
|Jan humidity = 63
|Feb humidity = 51
|Mar humidity = 37
|Apr humidity = 29
|May humidity = 31
|Jun humidity = 31
|Jul humidity = 33
|Aug humidity = 37
|Sep humidity = 40
|Oct humidity = 43
|Nov humidity = 52
|Dec humidity = 65
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.2
|Feb precipitation days = 2.3
|Mar precipitation days = 1.9
|Apr precipitation days = 2.0
|May precipitation days = 4.1
|Jun precipitation days = 5.5
|Jul precipitation days = 5.6
|Aug precipitation days = 4.7
|Sep precipitation days = 3.9
|Oct precipitation days = 1.3
|Nov precipitation days = 0.7
|Dec precipitation days = 2.2
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 147.7
|Feb sun = 154.2
|Mar sun = 175.4
|Apr sun = 210.1
|May sun = 261.9
|Jun sun = 293.1
|Jul sun = 307.3
|Aug sun = 283.3
|Sep sun = 240.7
|Oct sun = 227.9
|Nov sun = 181.4
|Dec sun = 135.3
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 49
| Feb percentsun = 50
| Mar percentsun = 47
| Apr percentsun = 52
| May percentsun = 59
| Jun percentsun = 66
| Jul percentsun = 68
| Aug percentsun = 68
| Sep percentsun = 66
| Oct percentsun = 67
| Nov percentsun = 62
| Dec percentsun = 47
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 6.2
|Feb snow days = 3.9
|Mar snow days = 1.0
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 1.0
|Dec snow days = 5.5
|year snow days =
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>
}}
}}


==Administrative divisions==
==Administrative divisions==
Artux includes three [[Subdistrict (China)|subdistricts]], one [[Town (China)|town]], six [[Township (China)|townships]] and one other area:<ref name="statsartux">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/30/653001.html |script-title=zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 |trans-title=2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City |language=zh-hans |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]] |date=2019 |access-date=5 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场|}}}}</ref><ref name="xzqhartux">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22299.html|script-title=zh:阿图什市历史沿革 |trans-title=Artux City Historical Development |publisher=XZQH.org |date=29 January 2015 |language=zh-hans |access-date=6 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16517.htm|script-title=zh:阿图什市行政区划|language=zh-hans|date=12 June 2019|access-date=6 August 2020|publisher=Artux People's Government |quote={{lang|zh-hans|阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处}}}}</ref>
Artush includes three [[Subdistrict (China)|subdistricts]], one [[Town (China)|town]], six [[Township (China)|townships]] and one other area:<ref name="statsartux">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/65/30/653001.html |script-title=zh:2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 |trans-title=2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City |language=zh-hans |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]] |date=2019 |access-date=5 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场|}}}}</ref><ref name="xzqhartux">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22299.html|script-title=zh:阿图什市历史沿革 |trans-title=Artux City Historical Development |publisher=XZQH.org |date=29 January 2015 |language=zh-hans |access-date=6 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16517.htm|script-title=zh:阿图什市行政区划|language=zh-hans|date=12 June 2019|access-date=6 August 2020|publisher=Artux People's Government|quote={{lang|zh-hans|阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处}}|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124014027/http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16517.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1"
Subdistricts ({{lang|ug|يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} / {{lang|zh|街道}}):
|-
*Bext Avenue Subdistrict (Xingfu Lu; {{lang|ug|بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|幸福|路|街道}}}}), Nurluq Avenue Subdistrict (Guangming Lu; {{lang|ug|نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|光明|路|街道}}}}), Xincheng Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|新城|街道}}}})
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic script|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin alphabet|ULY]])
! [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] (Arabic script)
! Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script)
! [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]]
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Subdistricts'''
|----------
| [[Xingfu Road Subdistrict, Artush|Xingfu Road Subdistrict]]<br>(Bext Road Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-hans|幸福路街道}}
| {{transl|zh|Xìngfúlù Jiēdào}}
| {{lang|ug|بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi}}
| {{lang|ky|باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы}}
| 653001001
|-
| [[Guangming Road Subdistrict, Artush|Guangming Road Subdistrict]]<br>(Nurluq Road Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-hans|光明路街道}}
| {{transl|zh|Guāngmínglù Jiēdào}}
| {{lang|ug|نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi}}
| {{lang|ky|نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы}}
| 653001002
|-
| [[Xincheng Subdistrict, Artush|Xincheng Subdistrict]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|新城街道}}
| {{transl|zh|Xīnchéng Jiēdào}}
| {{lang|ug|يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi}}
| {{lang|ky|جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы}}
| 653001003
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Towns'''
|----------
| [[Ustun Artush|Ustun Artush Town]]<br>(Shang'atushi<ref name="xie"/>)
| {{lang|zh-hans|上阿图什镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|Üstün Atush baziri}}
| {{lang|ky|ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы}}
| 653001100
|-
| [[Süntag|Süntag Town]]<ref name="xie"/>
| {{lang|zh-hans|松他克镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Sōngtākè Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|سۇنتاغ بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|suntagh baziri}}
| {{lang|ky|سۇنتاق شاارچاسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Сунтак шаарчасы}}
| 653001101
|-
| [[Azak, Artush|Azak Town]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|阿扎克镇}}
| {{transl|zh|Āzhākè Zhèn}}
| {{lang|ug|ئازاق بازىرى}}
| {{transl|ug|Azaq baziri}}
| {{lang|ky|ازاق شاارچاسى}}
| {{lang|ky|Азак шаарчасы}}
| 653001102
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|'''Townships'''
|----------
| [[Agu, Artush|Agu Township]]<ref name="xie">{{cite book|script-title=zh:地名中的新疆|language=zh-hans|date=2003|isbn=7-228-08004-1|author=Xie Yuzhong {{lang|zh-hans|解玉忠}}|location=[[Ürümqi]]|publisher=[[:zh:新疆人民出版社|新疆人民出版社]]|pages=189–190}}</ref>
| {{lang|zh-hans|阿湖乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Āhú Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|ئاغۇ يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|Aghu yëzisi}}
| {{lang|ky|اغۇۇ ايىلى}}
| {{lang|ky|Агуу айылы}}
| 653001102
|-
| [[Katyaylak|Katyaylak Township]]<ref name="xie"/>
| {{lang|zh-hans|格达良乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Gédáliáng Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|كاتتايلاق يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|kattaylaq yëzisi}}
| {{lang|ky|كەتتئيلئك ايىلى}}
| {{lang|ky|Кеттийлек айылы}}
| 653001104
|-
| [[Karajül|Karajül Township]]<ref name="GNISkarajül">{{GEOnet2|32FA8827193E3774E0440003BA962ED3|Karajül (Approved - N)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref><br>(Karajol Township<ref name="xie"/>)
| {{lang|zh-hans|哈拉峻乡}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16513.htm|script-title=zh:生物景观类|language=zh-hans|date=12 June 2019|access-date=6 August 2020|publisher=Artush People's Government|quote={{lang|zh-hans|柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。}}|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124022242/http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16513.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{transl|zh|Hālājùn Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|قاراجول يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|qarajol yëzisi}}
| {{lang|ky|قاراجۉل ايىلى}}
| {{lang|ky|Кара-Жүл айылы}}
| 653001105
|-
| [[Tugurmiti|Tugurmiti Township]]
| {{lang|zh-hans|吐古买提乡}}
| {{transl|zh|Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng}}
| {{lang|ug|تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى}}
| {{transl|ug|tügürmiti yëzisi}}
| {{lang|ky|تەگىرمەتى ايىلى}}
| {{lang|ky|Тегирмети айылы}}
| 653001106
|-
|}


Other:
Town ({{lang|ug|بازىرى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|镇}}):
* Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (兵团农三师红旗农场)
*Ustun Atush (Shang'atushi;<ref name="xie"/> {{lang|ug|ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|上阿图什|镇}}}})


==Economy==
Townships ({{lang|ug|يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|乡}}):
Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.
*Süntag<ref name="xie"/> (Songtake, Suntagh; {{lang|ug|سۇنتاغ يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|松他克|乡}}}}), Azak<ref name="xie"/> (Azhake, Azaq; {{lang|ug|ئازاق يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|阿扎克|乡}}}}), Agu<ref name="xie">{{cite book|script-title=zh:地名中的新疆|language=zh-hans|date=2003|isbn=7-228-08004-1|author=Xie Yuzhong {{lang|zh-hans|解玉忠}}|location=[[Ürümqi]]|publisher=[[:zh:新疆人民出版社|新疆人民出版社]]|pages=189–190}}</ref> (Ahu, Aghu; {{lang|ug|ئاغۇ يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|阿湖|乡}}}}), Katyaylak<ref name="xie"/> (Gedaliang, Kattaylaq; {{lang|ug|كاتتايلاق يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|格达良|乡}}}}), Karajül<ref name="GNISkarajül">{{GEOnet2|32FA8827193E3774E0440003BA962ED3|Karajül (Approved - N)}}, [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> (Halajun, Karajol,<ref name="xie"/> Qarajol; {{lang|ug|قاراجول يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|哈拉峻|乡}}}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xjats.gov.cn/P/C/16513.htm|script-title=zh:生物景观类|language=zh-hans|date=12 June 2019|access-date=6 August 2020|publisher=Artux People's Government |quote={{lang|zh-hans|柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。}}}}</ref> Tugurmiti (Tugumaiti; {{lang|ug|تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى}} / {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|吐古买提|乡}}}})


Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the [[common fig]]. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.<ref name="cihai">{{cite book|editor1=Xia Zhengyi {{lang|zh-hans|夏征农}}|editor2=Chen Zhili {{lang|zh-hans|陈至立}}|script-title=zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 |trans-title=[[Cihai]] (Sixth Edition in Color) |date=September 2009|location=[[Shanghai]]|publisher=[[Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House]].|isbn=9787532628599| language=zh|page=0017}}</ref>
Other areas:
*Bingtuan Nongsanshi Hongqi Farm ({{lang|zh-hans|兵团农三师红旗农场}})

The city had two subdistricts, five townships and three farms under its jurisdiction in 2018.

==Economy==
Artux's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.


The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the [[Xinjiang internment camps]].<ref name="wapoartux">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/24/secret-documents-detail-inner-workings-chinas-mass-detention-camps-minorities/|title=Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities|date=25 November 2019|access-date=11 August 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|author1=Hannah Knowles |author2=Kim Bellware |author3=Lateshia Beachum |quote=A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.}}</ref>
Industries in Artux include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the [[common fig]]. Sheep are the main livestock in Artux.<ref name="cihai">{{cite book|editor1=Xia Zhengyi {{lang|zh-hans|夏征农}}|editor2=Chen Zhili {{lang|zh-hans|陈至立}}|script-title=zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 |trans-title=[[Cihai]] (Sixth Edition in Color) |date=September 2009|location=[[Shanghai]]|publisher=[[Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House]].|isbn=9787532628599| language=zh|page=0017}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
|type=China
| type = China
|percentages = pagr
| percentages = pagr
|2000|200345
| 2000 | 200,345
|2010|240368
| 2010 | 240,368
|2015|269317
| 2015 | 269,317
| 2018 | 285,507
|footnote = <ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="2015pop"/>
| footnote = Sources:<ref name="xzqhartux"/><ref name="2015pop"/><ref name="2018 population"/>
|}}
|}}


{{asof|1997}}, 81.5% of the population of Artux was Uyghur.<ref name="xzqhartux1997">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22297.html|script-title=zh:1997年阿图什市行政区划 |trans-title=1997 Artux City Administrative Divisions |publisher=XZQH.org |date=31 December 2010 |language=zh-hans |access-date=7 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）}}}}</ref>
{{asof|1997}}, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.<ref name="xzqhartux1997">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22297.html|script-title=zh:1997年阿图什市行政区划 |trans-title=1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions |publisher=XZQH.org |date=31 December 2010 |language=zh-hans |access-date=7 August 2020 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）}}}}</ref>


{{asof|1999}}, 79.68% of the population of Artux was Uyghur and 7.21% of the population was Han Chinese.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/44961/9780295804057.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y|title=Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers|date=2004|isbn=0-295-98390-6|editor=Morris Rossabi|editor-link=Morris Rossabi|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|page=179}}</ref>
{{as of|1999}}, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/44961/9780295804057.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y|title=Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers|date=2004|isbn=0-295-98390-6|editor=Morris Rossabi|editor-link=Morris Rossabi|publisher=[[University of Washington Press]]|page=179}}</ref>


{{asof|2015}}, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artux were [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]], 30,174 (11.20%) were [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]], 21,754 (8.08%) were [[Han Chinese]] and 738 were from other ethnic groups.<ref name="2015pop">{{cite web |url= http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html |script-title= zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 |language=zh-hans|publisher={{lang|ug|شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى}} {{lang|zh-hans|新疆维吾尔自治区统计局}} Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region |access-date= 2017-09-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html |archive-date= 2017-10-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{as of|2015}}, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were [[Uyghurs]], 30,174 (11.20%) were [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]], 21,754 (8.08%) were [[Han Chinese]] and 738 were from other ethnic groups.<ref name="2015pop">{{cite web |url= http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html |script-title= zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 |language=zh-hans|publisher={{lang|ug|شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى}} {{lang|zh-hans|新疆维吾尔自治区统计局}} Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region |access-date= 2017-09-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101904/http://www.xjtj.gov.cn/sjcx/tjnj_3415/2016xjtjnj/rkjy/201707/t20170714_539450.html |archive-date= 2017-10-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{as of|2018}}, the population of Artush was 285,507.


{{bar box
{{bar box
|title= The proportion of nationalities in Artux City, 2018
|title= Ethnic composition of Artush City, 2018
|left1=Nationality
|left1=Nationality
|right1=Percentage
|right1=Percentage
|float=
|float=
|caption=Source:<ref name="2018 population"/>
|caption=Source of the population statistics :<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-10|title=|script-title=zh:3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数|trans-title=3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)|url=http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101062133/http://tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn/tjj/rkjyu/202006/3b1eef1049114b0c9cf9e81bf18433ef.shtml|archive-date=2020-11-01|access-date=2021-06-11|website=tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn|publisher=Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region|language=zh}}</ref>
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]|blue|81.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]]|blue|81.4}}
Line 210: Line 370:


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
Artux is served by the [[Southern Xinjiang Railway]].<ref name="cihai"/>
Artush is served by the [[Southern Xinjiang Railway]].<ref name="cihai"/>


==Notable persons==
==Notable people==
* [[Saifuddin Azizi]], first chairman of the Xinjiang
* [[Sabit Damolla]], Prime Minister of East Turkestan (1933-4)
* [[Salih Hudayar]]
* [[Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan]]
* [[Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan]]
* [[Sabit Damolla]], Prime Minister of the First East Turkestan Republic
* [[Ilham Tohti]]
* [[Saifuddin Azizi]], first Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
* [[Ghulam Osman Yaghma]], 4th President of the East Turkestan Government-in-Exile
* [[Anwar Yusuf Turani]]
* [[Anwar Yusuf Turani]]
* [[Ilham Tohti]]
* [[Ghulam Osman Yaghma]], President of the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
* [[Salih Hudayar]]


==Historical maps==
==Historical maps==
Historical English-language maps including Artux:
Historical English-language maps including Artush:
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:NJ-43-3 Kashi, China.jpg|Map including Artux A-t'u-shih ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1983)
File:NJ-43-3 Kashi, China.jpg|Map including Artush A-t'u-shih ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1983)
File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg|Map including Artux (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1966){{efn|From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"}}
File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg|Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1966){{efn|From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"}}
File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg|From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artux (A-t'u-shih) ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1980){{efn|From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."}}
File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg|From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1980){{efn|From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."}}
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-7a.jpg|Map including Artux (A-t'u-shih) ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1984){{efn|From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"}}
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-7a.jpg|Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1984){{efn|From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"}}
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 235: Line 395:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Wiktionary|Artux|Artush|Atushi|A-t'u-shih}}
{{Wiktionary|Artush|Artux|Atushi|A-t'u-shih}}


{{Navboxes
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Latest revision as of 03:02, 3 November 2024

Artush
阿图什市 (Chinese)
ئاتۇش شەھىرى (Uyghur)
ارتىش شاارى (Kyrgyz)
Artux, Atush
County-level city
Tomb of Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan
Tomb of Sultan Satuk Bughra Khan
Artush is located in Southern Xinjiang
Artush
Artush
Location in Xinjiang
Artush is located in Xinjiang
Artush
Artush
Artush (Xinjiang)
Artush is located in China
Artush
Artush
Artush (China)
Coordinates (Artush municipal government): 39°42′58″N 76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E / 39.7162; 76.1684
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
Autonomous prefectureKizilsu
Municipal seatGuangming Road Subdistrict
Area
[1]
 • Total
15,697.78 km2 (6,060.95 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
290,936
 • Density19/km2 (48/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Major ethnic groups
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard[a])
Websitewww.xjats.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Artush
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese阿图什
Traditional Chinese阿圖什
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀtúshí
Wade–GilesA1-tʻu2-shih2
Uyghur name
Uyghurئاتۇش‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiAtush
Yengi YeziⱪAtux
SASM/GNCAtux
Siril YëziqiАтуш
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyzارتىش
Артыш
Artysh

Artush[3][4] (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ ar-TUUSH; also transliterated as Artux[5] or Atush[6]) is a county-level city and the capital of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. The government seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.[7] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom are Uyghurs.[8]

History

[edit]
Shipton's Arch
Artush-man skull, dated 10,000 BP, excavated in Arghu village, Artush

In January 1943, Artush County was established.[1][9]

In June 1986, Artush County became Artush City.[1][9]

In 2018, the dome of Eshtachi Mosque (39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E / 39.6926278°N 76.1238556°E / 39.6926278; 76.1238556) was removed.[3][4] In recent times other mosques have been taken down too.

At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.[5]

Geography and climate

[edit]

It is situated in the northwest part of the Tarim Basin, south of the Tien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.

Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		28.4
(83.1) 		34.9
(94.8) 		36.0
(96.8) 		39.5
(103.1) 		41.0
(105.8) 		41.8
(107.2) 		37.0
(98.6) 		30.9
(87.6) 		25.1
(77.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		41.8
(107.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0) 		6.0
(42.8) 		15.2
(59.4) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		31.7
(89.1) 		33.5
(92.3) 		32.2
(90.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		20.5
(68.9) 		11.1
(52.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		19.2
(66.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		0.8
(33.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		17.2
(63.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		25.9
(78.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		13.9
(57.0) 		5.1
(41.2) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		13.4
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		4.4
(39.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F) −20.5
(−4.9) 		−20.7
(−5.3) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		4.1
(39.4) 		8.1
(46.6) 		11.4
(52.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		6.5
(43.7) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−20.7
(−5.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.3
(0.13) 		8.2
(0.32) 		6.8
(0.27) 		6.0
(0.24) 		15.8
(0.62) 		14.8
(0.58) 		14.5
(0.57) 		15.5
(0.61) 		10.9
(0.43) 		5.8
(0.23) 		3.1
(0.12) 		3.6
(0.14) 		108.3
(4.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 4.1 5.5 5.6 4.7 3.9 1.3 0.7 2.2 36.4
Average snowy days 6.2 3.9 1.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 5.5 17.7
Average relative humidity (%) 63 51 37 29 31 31 33 37 40 43 52 65 43
Mean monthly sunshine hours 147.7 154.2 175.4 210.1 261.9 293.1 307.3 283.3 240.7 227.9 181.4 135.3 2,618.3
Percent possible sunshine 49 50 47 52 59 66 68 68 66 67 62 47 58
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11]

Administrative divisions

[edit]

Artush includes three subdistricts, one town, six townships and one other area:[12][1][13]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Kyrgyz (Arabic script) Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) Administrative division code
Subdistricts
Xingfu Road Subdistrict
(Bext Road Subdistrict) 		幸福路街道 Xìngfúlù Jiēdào بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы 653001001
Guangming Road Subdistrict
(Nurluq Road Subdistrict) 		光明路街道 Guāngmínglù Jiēdào نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы 653001002
Xincheng Subdistrict 新城街道 Xīnchéng Jiēdào يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы 653001003
Towns
Ustun Artush Town
(Shang'atushi[14]) 		上阿图什镇 Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى Üstün Atush baziri ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы 653001100
Süntag Town[14] 松他克镇 Sōngtākè Zhèn سۇنتاغ بازىرى suntagh baziri سۇنتاق شاارچاسى Сунтак шаарчасы 653001101
Azak Town 阿扎克镇 Āzhākè Zhèn ئازاق بازىرى Azaq baziri ازاق شاارچاسى Азак шаарчасы 653001102
Townships
Agu Township[14] 阿湖乡 Āhú Xiāng ئاغۇ يېزىسى Aghu yëzisi اغۇۇ ايىلى Агуу айылы 653001102
Katyaylak Township[14] 格达良乡 Gédáliáng Xiāng كاتتايلاق يېزىسى kattaylaq yëzisi كەتتئيلئك ايىلى Кеттийлек айылы 653001104
Karajül Township[15]
(Karajol Township[14]) 		哈拉峻乡[16] Hālājùn Xiāng قاراجول يېزىسى qarajol yëzisi قاراجۉل ايىلى Кара-Жүл айылы 653001105
Tugurmiti Township 吐古买提乡 Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى tügürmiti yëzisi تەگىرمەتى ايىلى Тегирмети айылы 653001106

Other:

  • Red Flag Farm of 3rd Division, XPCC (兵团农三师红旗农场)

Economy

[edit]

Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.

Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is the common fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.[9]

The Artush City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artush has served as one of the Xinjiang internment camps.[17]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 200,345—    
2010 240,368+1.84%
2015 269,317+2.30%
2018 285,507+1.96%
Sources:[1][18][8]

As of 1997, 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.[19]

As of 1999, 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.[20]

As of 2015, 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush were Uyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) were Kyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) were Han Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.[18]

As of 2018, the population of Artush was 285,507.

Ethnic composition of Artush City, 2018
Nationality Percentage
Uyghurs
 
 81.4%
Kyrgyz
 
 11.0%
Han
 
 7.3%
Hui
 
 0.1%
Others
 
 0.2%
Source:[8]

Transportation

[edit]

Artush is served by the Southern Xinjiang Railway.[9]

Notable people

[edit]

Historical maps

[edit]

Historical English-language maps including Artush:

  • Map including Artush A-t'u-shih (DMA, 1983)
    Map including Artush A-t'u-shih (DMA, 1983)
  • Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966)[b]
    Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966)[b]
  • From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980)[c]
    From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980)[c]
  • Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)[d]
    Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)[d]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  2. ^ From map: "DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
  3. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
  4. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e 阿图什市历史沿革 [Artux City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2020. 2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。
  2. ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  3. ^ a b Fred Hiatt (3 November 2019). "In China, every day is Kristallnacht". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 August 2020. The dome of a Uighur mosque in Artush, Xinjiang, was removed in 2018.
  4. ^ a b Asim Kashgarian (1 December 2019). "US: China Targets Uighur Mosques to Eradicate Minority's Faith". Voice of America. Retrieved 11 August 2020. Artush Eshtachi Grand Mosque is seen in Artush, in China's northwest Xinjiang province.
    10/8/2016 9/8/2018
    39°41′33.46″N 76°7′25.88″E
    Satellite imagery with a comparative analysis of Artush Eshtachi Mosque.
  5. ^ a b Mu Xuequan, ed. (19 January 2020). "5.2-magnitude quake hits Xinjiang: CENC". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
  6. ^ "Atush Roads Fenced Off, Residents Confined to Homes, as Xinjiang Stares Down Virus Advance". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  7. ^ 阿图什市概况. xzqh.org. 2015-01-29. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
  8. ^ a b c 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3-7 Population by Nationality by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 2020-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  9. ^ a b c d Xia Zhengyi 夏征农; Chen Zhili 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 0017. ISBN 9787532628599.
  10. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  11. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  12. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿图什市 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Artux City] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2020. 统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场
  13. ^ 阿图什市行政区划 (in Simplified Chinese). Artux People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. 阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处
  14. ^ a b c d e Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 189–190. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
  15. ^ Karajül (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  16. ^ 生物景观类 (in Simplified Chinese). Artush People's Government. 12 June 2019. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020. 柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。
  17. ^ Hannah Knowles; Kim Bellware; Lateshia Beachum (25 November 2019). "Secret documents detail inner workings of China's mass detention camps for minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 11 August 2020. A guard tower and barbed wire fences are seen around a section of the Artux City Vocational Skills Education Training Service Center in Artux in western China's Xinjiang region in December. This is one of a growing number of internment camps in the Xinjiang region.
  18. ^ a b 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  19. ^ 1997年阿图什市行政区划 [1997 Artush City Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 31 December 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2020. 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）
  20. ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
Look up Artush, Artux, Atushi, or A-t'u-shih in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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