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{{Short description|Tunisian political activist (1983–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
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{{short description|Tunisian political activist}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Lina Ben Mhenni
| name = Lina Ben Mhenni<br/>لينا بن مهني
| image = Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunis 16 juin 2013.jpg
| image = Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunis 16 juin 2013.jpg
| caption = Lina Ben Mhenni in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1983|05|22}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1983|05|22}}
| birth_place = [[Tunisia]]
| birth_place = [[Tunisia]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|1|27|1983|5|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|1|27|1983|5|22}}
| death_place = Tunisia
| death_place = Tunisia
| death_cause = [[Lupus erythematosus]] and [[Kidney failure]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Blogger|lecturer}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Blogger|lecturer}}
}}
}}
'''Lina Ben Mhenni''' ([[Arabic]]: '''لينا بن مهني''') (22 May 1983 – 27 January 2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realites.com.tn/2020/01/lina-ben-mhenni-nest-plus/|title=Lina Ben Mhenni n'est plus - Réalités Online|date=27 January 2020|publisher=|accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> was a [[Tunisia]]n [[Internet activist]], [[blog]]ger and lecturer in [[linguistics]] at [[Tunis University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=York|first=Jillian C.|date=2020-01-27|title=In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary|url=https://www.eff.org/it/deeplinks/2020/01/memory-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-free-expression-activist-and-revolutionary|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=it}}</ref> She was internationally recognised for her work during the 2011 [[Tunisian Revolution|Tunisian revolution]] and in the following years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tunisian-girl-blogs-for-freedom-and-democracy/a-15174603|title='Tunisian Girl' blogs for freedom and democracy {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.12.2011|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/2011106222117687872.html|title=Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee|last=Ryan|first=Yasmine|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref name="glw">{{cite news|url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/49003|title=Tunisia: 'This is the start of a global wave of protests'|last=|first=|date=2011-10-09|work=[[Green Left Weekly]]|accessdate=2011-11-06|publisher=}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-bobs-a-tunisian-girl-wins-deutsche-welle-blog-awards/a-6501289|title=The BOBs: 'A Tunisian Girl' wins Deutsche Welle Blog Awards {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.04.2011|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>
'''Lina Ben Mhenni''' ({{langx|ar|لينا بن مهني}}; 22 May 1983 – 27 January 2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.realites.com.tn/2020/01/lina-ben-mhenni-nest-plus/|title=Lina Ben Mhenni n'est plus - Réalités Online|date=27 January 2020|accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> was a [[Tunisia]]n [[Internet activist]], [[blog]]ger and lecturer in [[linguistics]] at [[Tunis University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=York|first=Jillian C.|date=2020-01-27|title=In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary|url=https://www.eff.org/it/deeplinks/2020/01/memory-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-free-expression-activist-and-revolutionary|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=it}}</ref> She was internationally recognised for her work during the 2011 [[Tunisian Revolution|Tunisian revolution]] and in the following years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/tunisian-girl-blogs-for-freedom-and-democracy/a-15174603|title='Tunisian Girl' blogs for freedom and democracy {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.12.2011|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/2011106222117687872.html|title=Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee|last=Ryan|first=Yasmine|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref name="glw">{{cite news|url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/49003|title=Tunisia: 'This is the start of a global wave of protests'|date=2011-10-09|work=[[Green Left Weekly]]|accessdate=2011-11-06}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-bobs-a-tunisian-girl-wins-deutsche-welle-blog-awards/a-6501289|title=The BOBs: 'A Tunisian Girl' wins Deutsche Welle Blog Awards {{!}} DW {{!}} 12.04.2011|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>


==Activism==
==Activism==
[[File:Interview with Lina Ben Mhenni.webm|thumb|A 2014 interview with Ben Mhenni|thumbtime=37]]


===A renowned blogger===
===Blogging===
[[File:Wissem Tlili and Lina Ben Mhenni with Gideon Rachman.jpg|thumb|Ben Mhenni with fellow blogger Wissem Tlili and British journalist [[Gideon Rachman]] in 2018]]
Ben Mhenni's blog, ''A Tunisian Girl'', is written in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[English language|English]], and [[French language|French]].<ref name="aje">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/2011106222117687872.html|title=Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee|last=|first=|date=2011-10-21|work=[[Al Jazeera English]]|accessdate=2011-11-03|publisher=}}</ref> During the rule of former [[Tunisian President]] [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] until 2011, Ben Mhenni was one of the few bloggers to [[blog]] using her real name rather than adopting a [[pseudonym]] to protect her identity.<ref name=aje/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/author/lina-ben-mhenni/|title=Global Voices · Lina Ben Mhenni – Contributor profile|website=Global Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Her blog, as well as her Facebook and Twitter accounts, were censored under the Ben Ali regime.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blaise|first=Lilia|date=2020-01-30|title=Lina Ben Mhenni, 36, ‘a Tunisian Girl’ Who Confronted Regime, Dies|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/world/middleeast/lina-ben-mhenni-dead.html|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Ben Mhenni's blog, ''A Tunisian Girl'', is written in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[English language|English]], and [[French language|French]].<ref name="aje">{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/10/2011106222117687872.html|title=Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee|date=2011-10-21|work=[[Al Jazeera English]]|accessdate=2011-11-03}}</ref> During the rule of former [[Tunisian President]] [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]] until 2011, Ben Mhenni was one of the few bloggers to [[blog]] using her real name rather than adopting a [[pseudonym]] to protect her identity.<ref name=aje/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/author/lina-ben-mhenni/|title=Global Voices · Lina Ben Mhenni – Contributor profile|website=Global Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> Her blog, as well as her Facebook and Twitter accounts, were censored under the Ben Ali regime.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Blaise|first=Lilia|date=2020-01-30|title=Lina Ben Mhenni, 36, ‘a Tunisian Girl’ Who Confronted Regime, Dies|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/world/middleeast/lina-ben-mhenni-dead.html|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


Ben Mhenni began posting photos and video of protests of those injured throughout Tunisia. In an effort to make the government responsible for its actions and to the people who were harmed in these uprisings, she visited local hospitals and took pictures of those harmed by police.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oslo Freedom Forum |title=LINA BEN MHENNI |url=http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/lina_ben_mhenni.html |work=Online Article |publisher=Oslo Freedom Forum |accessdate=2012-01-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102140549/http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/lina_ben_mhenni.html |archivedate=2012-01-02 }}</ref>
Ben Mhenni began posting photos and video of protests of those injured throughout Tunisia. In an effort to make the government responsible for its actions and to the people who were harmed in these uprisings, she visited local hospitals and took pictures of those harmed by police.<ref>{{cite web|last=Oslo Freedom Forum |title=LINA BEN MHENNI |url=http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/lina_ben_mhenni.html |work=Online Article |publisher=Oslo Freedom Forum |accessdate=2012-01-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102140549/http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/lina_ben_mhenni.html |archive-date=2012-01-02 }}</ref>


===Tunisian Revolution===
===Tunisian Revolution===
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===Continued activism===
===Continued activism===


Since the [[Tunisian Revolution]] began and until she died, Ben Mhenni played a prominent role amongst Tunisia's bloggers and [[democracy]] activists. She participated in the interim government’s reforms to media and information laws, but resigned shortly after. She continued to work in tracking press freedom and human rights in the country.
Since the [[Tunisian Revolution]] began and until she died, Ben Mhenni played a prominent role amongst Tunisia's bloggers and [[democracy]] activists. She participated in the interim government's reforms to media and information laws, but resigned shortly after. She continued to work in tracking press freedom and human rights in the country.


She was vocal against continuing corruption in the Tunisian regime,<ref name=glw/> criticized the Islamist party [[Ennahda Movement|Ennahda]] for a "double discourse" that espoused reactionary views on social media while its leaders presented a different image to traditional media,<ref name=glw/> and demanded the release of [[Alaa Abdel-Fatah]] upon his arrest in October 2011.<ref>{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Free Alaa Abdel-Fatah |url=http://atunisiangirl.blogspot.com/2011/11/free-alaa-abdelafattah.html |work=Tunisian Girl |publisher= |date=2011-11-01 |accessdate=2011-11-05}}</ref> In a 2014 editorial for CNN, she wrote that her activism after Ben Ali's overthrow had led to her receiving death threats and requiring close protection of the police.<ref>{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Opinion: Tunisia's leaders have failed the Dignity Revolution |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/22/business/davos-tunisia-dignity-revolution-ben-mhenni/ |work= |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2014-01-22 |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref>
She was vocal against continuing corruption in the Tunisian regime,<ref name=glw/> criticized the Islamist party [[Ennahda]] for a "double discourse" that espoused reactionary views on social media while its leaders presented a different image to traditional media,<ref name=glw/> and demanded the release of [[Alaa Abdel-Fatah]] upon his arrest in October 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Free Alaa Abdel-Fatah |url=http://atunisiangirl.blogspot.com/2011/11/free-alaa-abdelafattah.html |work=Tunisian Girl |date=2011-11-01 |accessdate=2011-11-05}}</ref> In a 2014 editorial for CNN, she wrote that her activism after Ben Ali's overthrow had led to her receiving death threats and requiring close protection of the police.<ref>{{cite news|title=Opinion: Tunisia's leaders have failed the Dignity Revolution |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/22/business/davos-tunisia-dignity-revolution-ben-mhenni/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2014-01-22 |accessdate=2014-02-24}}</ref>


Ben Mhenni stated that Tunisia's revolution "cannot be called an internet revolution", and insisted that the revolution against Ben Ali was fought "on the ground" through demonstrations and resistance.<ref name="smh">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/voice-behind-a-revolution-20120120-1qa20.html|title=Voice behind a revolution|last=|first=|date=2012-01-21|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=2014-01-21|publisher=}}</ref> She also stated her belief that "action in the digital world must be combined with actions in the real world."<ref name="Pocit">{{cite web |last1=Tewolde-Berhan |first1=Zara |title=Technology and the Tunisian Revolution with Lina Ben Mhenni |url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/technology-and-the-tunisian-revolution-with-lina-ben-mhenni/ |website=Pocit: People of Color in Tech |accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> She was quoted as saying: “It is not enough to publish a status, or a video, or share a hashtag. You have to work in the field, meet people, and be present during the demonstrations.” <ref name="africame" /><ref name="Pocit" />
Ben Mhenni stated that Tunisia's revolution "cannot be called an internet revolution", and insisted that the revolution against Ben Ali was fought "on the ground" through demonstrations and resistance.<ref name="smh">{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/voice-behind-a-revolution-20120120-1qa20.html|title=Voice behind a revolution|date=2012-01-21|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=2014-01-21}}</ref> She also stated her belief that "action in the digital world must be combined with actions in the real world."<ref name="Pocit">{{cite web |last1=Tewolde-Berhan |first1=Zara |title=Technology and the Tunisian Revolution with Lina Ben Mhenni |url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/technology-and-the-tunisian-revolution-with-lina-ben-mhenni/ |website=Pocit: People of Color in Tech |accessdate=27 January 2020}}</ref> She was quoted as saying: “It is not enough to publish a status, or a video, or share a hashtag. You have to work in the field, meet people, and be present during the demonstrations.” <ref name="africame" /><ref name="Pocit" />


She continued to act on her words until she died. Along with her father, she started an initiative to create libraries in prisons to promote culture and counter terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201911280899.html|title=Tunisia: 45,000 Books Collected for Tunisian Prisoners in Campaign Launched By Blogger Lina Ben Mhenni|date=2019-11-28|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> In her final months, she denounced the state of hospitals in the Tunisian capital.<ref name="france24.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200127-lina-ben-mhenni-activist-who-chronicled-tunisia-uprising-dies-at-36|title=Lina Ben Mhenni, activist who chronicled Tunisia uprising, dies at 36|date=2020-01-27|website=France 24|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>
She continued to act on her words until she died. Along with her father, she started an initiative to create libraries in prisons to promote culture and counter terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201911280899.html|title=Tunisia: 45,000 Books Collected for Tunisian Prisoners in Campaign Launched By Blogger Lina Ben Mhenni|date=2019-11-28|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> In her final months, she denounced the state of hospitals in the Tunisian capital.<ref name="france24.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200127-lina-ben-mhenni-activist-who-chronicled-tunisia-uprising-dies-at-36|title=Lina Ben Mhenni, activist who chronicled Tunisia uprising, dies at 36|date=2020-01-27|website=France 24|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Ben Mhenni's parents were both activists; her father, Sadok, was a political prisoner, and her mother Emna was part of the student union movement.<ref name=smh/> Ben Mhenni suffered from [[Lupus]]. In 2007 she received a kidney transplant from her mother<ref name=smh/> and became very vocal about the importance of organ donation. In 2007 and 2009 she participated in the [[Transplant Games|World Transplant Games]], winning several medals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/76/lina_ben_mhenni |title=Speaker - Lina Ben Mhenni |publisher=Geneva Summit for Human Rights & Democracy |accessdate=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218213657/http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/76/lina_ben_mhenni |archivedate=18 February 2014 }}</ref>
Ben Mhenni's parents were both activists; her father, Sadok, was a political prisoner, and her mother Emna was part of the student union movement.<ref name=smh/> Ben Mhenni suffered from [[Lupus]]. In 2007, she received a kidney transplant from her mother<ref name=smh/> and became very vocal about the importance of organ donation. In 2007 and 2009, she participated in the [[Transplant Games|World Transplant Games]], winning several medals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/76/lina_ben_mhenni |title=Speaker - Lina Ben Mhenni |publisher=Geneva Summit for Human Rights & Democracy |accessdate=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218213657/http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/76/lina_ben_mhenni |archive-date=18 February 2014 }}</ref>


== Recognition ==
== Recognition ==
[[File:Édition Lina Ben Mhenni, La Poste tunisienne 2020.jpg|thumb|Stamps with Ben Mhenni's portrait]]
In 2011, Ben Mhenni was reported to have been a candidate for the [[2011 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref name="smh" /> for her contributions and activism during the [[Tunisian Revolution]],<ref name="aje" /> along with Egyptian human rights defenders [[Israa Abdel Fattah]] and [[Wael Ghonim]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
In 2011, Ben Mhenni was reported to have been a candidate for the [[2011 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]]<ref name="smh" /> for her contributions and activism during the [[Tunisian Revolution]],<ref name="aje" /> along with Egyptian human rights defenders [[Israa Abdel Fattah]] and [[Wael Ghonim]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />


In October 2011, she won El Mundo's International Journalism Prize for her "fight for freedom".<ref name="glw" />
In October 2011, she won El Mundo's International Journalism Prize for her "fight for freedom".<ref name="glw" />


She was awarded the Deutsche Welle International Blog Award for "A Tunisian Girl" on April 2011.<ref name=":2" /> The awards were presented as part of the Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum on 20 June 2011 in Bonn, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/award-winning-blogger-says-shell-try-to-protect-the-fruits-of-the-revolution/a-6553106|title=Award-winning blogger says she’ll try to protect the 'fruits of the revolution' {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.06.2011|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> "I'll continue my work and try to protect the fruits of the revolution”, she said during the ceremony.
She was awarded the Deutsche Welle International Blog Award for "A Tunisian Girl" in April 2011.<ref name=":2" /> The awards were presented as part of the Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum on 20 June 2011 in Bonn, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/award-winning-blogger-says-shell-try-to-protect-the-fruits-of-the-revolution/a-6553106|title=Award-winning blogger says she’ll try to protect the 'fruits of the revolution' {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.06.2011|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> "I'll continue my work and try to protect the fruits of the revolution”, she said during the ceremony.


On 3 March 2020, [[La Poste Tunisienne]] published a stamp with her portrait. It is part of a series of stamps aimed at honouring those who have fought for the liberty of expression, for free access to the internet, and for human rights<ref>{{cite web |url =https://lapresse.tn/51262/la-poste-un-timbre-dedie-a-lina-ben-mhenni/|title=Timbres hommage à l'effigie de Lina Ben Mhenni|publisher=lapresse.tn|id= |accessdate=14 June 2020}}</ref>.
In November 2012, she was awarded the [[Sean MacBride Peace Prize]] by the [[International Peace Bureau]] (IPB).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipb.org/sean-macbride-peace-prize/ |title=Seán MacBride Peace Prize |website=International Peace Bureau }}</ref>
On 3 March 2020, [[La Poste Tunisienne]] published a stamp with her portrait. It is part of a series of stamps aimed at honouring those who have fought for the liberty of expression, for free access to the internet, and for human rights.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://lapresse.tn/51262/la-poste-un-timbre-dedie-a-lina-ben-mhenni/|title=Timbres hommage à l'effigie de Lina Ben Mhenni|publisher=lapresse.tn|accessdate=14 June 2020}}</ref>

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In May 2020, The Delegation of the European Union to Tunisia launched the ''Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d’expression'' (The Lina Ben Mhenni Prize for the Liberty of Expression). It will honour the best articles defending the principles and values of democracy, the freedoms and rights shared by Tunisia and the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |url =https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/tunisia/79763/lancement-du-prix-lina-ben-mhenni-pour-la-liberté-d’expression_fr|title=Lancement du Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d’expression|accessdate=14 June 2020}}</ref>


⚫
In May 2020, The Delegation of the European Union to Tunisia launched the ''Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d’expression'' (The Lina Ben Mhenni Prize for the Liberty of Expression). It will honour the best articles defending the principles and values of democracy, the freedoms and rights shared by Tunisia and the European Union<ref>{{cite web |url =https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/tunisia/79763/lancement-du-prix-lina-ben-mhenni-pour-la-liberté-d’expression_fr|title=Lancement du Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d’expression|publisher=|id= |accessdate=14 June 2020}}</ref>.
== Works ==
== Works ==


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|publisher=Indigene
|publisher=Indigene
|location=Tunis
|location=Tunis

|isbn=2911939875
|isbn=2911939875
|date=2011
|date=2011
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|publisher=Ullstein Verlag
|publisher=Ullstein Verlag
|location=Berlin
|location=Berlin

|isbn=978-3-550-08893-3
|isbn=978-3-550-08893-3
|date= 2011
|date= 2011
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== Death ==
== Death ==
[[File:Funeral of Lina Ben Mhenni 28012020 092.jpg|thumb|Ben Mhenni's funeral procession]]
Ben Mhenni died on 27 January 2020, aged 36, in a hospital, was caused by a stroke resulting from complications of an autoimmune disease. Media outlets from different countries highlighted the relevance of her work and contribution to the human rights struggle in the country and the region.<ref name="france24.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2020/01/27/5e2eea27fc6c83027a8b4611.html|title=Muere la bloguera Lina Ben Mhenni, una de las voces de la Primavera Árabe|date=2020-01-27|website=ELMUNDO|language=es|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.periodismociudadano.com/fallece-a-los-36-anos-lina-ben-mehnni-figura-clave-de-la-primavera-arabe/|title=Fallece a los 36 años Lina Ben Mehnni, Figura clave de la Primavera Árabe|last=PC|first=Equipo|date=2020-01-27|website=Periodismo Ciudadano|language=es|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/01/27/farewell-to-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-blogger-and-human-rights-defender/|title=Farewell to Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian blogger and human rights defender · Global Voices|date=2020-01-27|website=Global Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/01/memory-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-free-expression-activist-and-revolutionary|title=In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary|last=York|first=Jillian C.|date=2020-01-27|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51310557|title=Burying the voice of Tunisia's revolution|date=2020-02-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ben Mhenni died on 27 January 2020, aged 36, in a hospital, was caused by a stroke resulting from complications of an autoimmune disease. Media outlets from different countries highlighted the relevance of her work and contribution to the human rights struggle in the country and the region.<ref name="france24.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2020/01/27/5e2eea27fc6c83027a8b4611.html|title=Muere la bloguera Lina Ben Mhenni, una de las voces de la Primavera Árabe|date=2020-01-27|website=ELMUNDO|language=es|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.periodismociudadano.com/fallece-a-los-36-anos-lina-ben-mehnni-figura-clave-de-la-primavera-arabe/|title=Fallece a los 36 años Lina Ben Mehnni, Figura clave de la Primavera Árabe|last=PC|first=Equipo|date=2020-01-27|website=Periodismo Ciudadano|language=es|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/01/27/farewell-to-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-blogger-and-human-rights-defender/|title=Farewell to Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian blogger and human rights defender · Global Voices|date=2020-01-27|website=Global Voices|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/01/memory-lina-ben-mhenni-tunisian-free-expression-activist-and-revolutionary|title=In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary|last=York|first=Jillian C.|date=2020-01-27|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51310557|title=Burying the voice of Tunisia's revolution|date=2020-02-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-02-01|language=en-GB}}</ref>


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Latest revision as of 04:13, 3 November 2024

Lina Ben Mhenni
لينا بن مهني
Lina Ben Mhenni in 2013
Born(1983-05-22)22 May 1983
Tunisia
Died27 January 2020(2020-01-27) (aged 36)
Tunisia
Occupations
  • Blogger
  • lecturer

Lina Ben Mhenni (Arabic: لينا بن مهني; 22 May 1983 – 27 January 2020)[1] was a Tunisian Internet activist, blogger and lecturer in linguistics at Tunis University.[2] She was internationally recognised for her work during the 2011 Tunisian revolution and in the following years.[3][4][5][6]

Activism

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A 2014 interview with Ben Mhenni

Blogging

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Ben Mhenni with fellow blogger Wissem Tlili and British journalist Gideon Rachman in 2018

Ben Mhenni's blog, A Tunisian Girl, is written in Arabic, English, and French.[7] During the rule of former Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali until 2011, Ben Mhenni was one of the few bloggers to blog using her real name rather than adopting a pseudonym to protect her identity.[7][8] Her blog, as well as her Facebook and Twitter accounts, were censored under the Ben Ali regime.[9]

Ben Mhenni began posting photos and video of protests of those injured throughout Tunisia. In an effort to make the government responsible for its actions and to the people who were harmed in these uprisings, she visited local hospitals and took pictures of those harmed by police.[10]

Tunisian Revolution

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In May 2010, Ben Mhenni was among the core organizers of a protest in Tunis against the government's suppression of media and censorship of the internet.[11]

In January 2011, she covered the early weeks of the Tunisian Revolution from Sidi Bouzid Governorate in the interior of the country.[7] Ben Mhenni was the only blogger present in the interior cities of Kasserine and Regueb when government forces massacred and suppressed protesters in the region.[7] Her reports and posts provided uncensored information to other Tunisian activists and the international media.[7]

Continued activism

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Since the Tunisian Revolution began and until she died, Ben Mhenni played a prominent role amongst Tunisia's bloggers and democracy activists. She participated in the interim government's reforms to media and information laws, but resigned shortly after. She continued to work in tracking press freedom and human rights in the country.

She was vocal against continuing corruption in the Tunisian regime,[5] criticized the Islamist party Ennahda for a "double discourse" that espoused reactionary views on social media while its leaders presented a different image to traditional media,[5] and demanded the release of Alaa Abdel-Fatah upon his arrest in October 2011.[12] In a 2014 editorial for CNN, she wrote that her activism after Ben Ali's overthrow had led to her receiving death threats and requiring close protection of the police.[13]

Ben Mhenni stated that Tunisia's revolution "cannot be called an internet revolution", and insisted that the revolution against Ben Ali was fought "on the ground" through demonstrations and resistance.[14] She also stated her belief that "action in the digital world must be combined with actions in the real world."[15] She was quoted as saying: “It is not enough to publish a status, or a video, or share a hashtag. You have to work in the field, meet people, and be present during the demonstrations.” [11][15]

She continued to act on her words until she died. Along with her father, she started an initiative to create libraries in prisons to promote culture and counter terrorism.[16] In her final months, she denounced the state of hospitals in the Tunisian capital.[17]

Personal life

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Ben Mhenni's parents were both activists; her father, Sadok, was a political prisoner, and her mother Emna was part of the student union movement.[14] Ben Mhenni suffered from Lupus. In 2007, she received a kidney transplant from her mother[14] and became very vocal about the importance of organ donation. In 2007 and 2009, she participated in the World Transplant Games, winning several medals.[18]

Recognition

[edit]
Stamps with Ben Mhenni's portrait

In 2011, Ben Mhenni was reported to have been a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize[14] for her contributions and activism during the Tunisian Revolution,[7] along with Egyptian human rights defenders Israa Abdel Fattah and Wael Ghonim.[3][4]

In October 2011, she won El Mundo's International Journalism Prize for her "fight for freedom".[5]

She was awarded the Deutsche Welle International Blog Award for "A Tunisian Girl" in April 2011.[6] The awards were presented as part of the Deutsche Welle Global Media Forum on 20 June 2011 in Bonn, Germany.[19] "I'll continue my work and try to protect the fruits of the revolution”, she said during the ceremony.

In November 2012, she was awarded the Sean MacBride Peace Prize by the International Peace Bureau (IPB).[20]

On 3 March 2020, La Poste Tunisienne published a stamp with her portrait. It is part of a series of stamps aimed at honouring those who have fought for the liberty of expression, for free access to the internet, and for human rights.[21]

In May 2020, The Delegation of the European Union to Tunisia launched the Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d’expression (The Lina Ben Mhenni Prize for the Liberty of Expression). It will honour the best articles defending the principles and values of democracy, the freedoms and rights shared by Tunisia and the European Union.[22]

Works

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  • Tunisian Girl: Blogueuse pour un printemps arabe (french), Tunis: Indigene, 2011, ISBN 2911939875
  • Vernetzt Euch! (german) [Tunisian Girl – Blogueuse pour un printemps arabe], Patricia Klobusiczky (trans.), Berlin: Ullstein Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-550-08893-3{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Death

[edit]
Ben Mhenni's funeral procession

Ben Mhenni died on 27 January 2020, aged 36, in a hospital, was caused by a stroke resulting from complications of an autoimmune disease. Media outlets from different countries highlighted the relevance of her work and contribution to the human rights struggle in the country and the region.[17][23][24][25][26][27]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Lina Ben Mhenni n'est plus - Réalités Online". 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  2. ^ York, Jillian C. (27 January 2020). "In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary". Electronic Frontier Foundation (in Italian). Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b "'Tunisian Girl' blogs for freedom and democracy | DW | 12.12.2011". DW.COM. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  4. ^ a b Ryan, Yasmine. "Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Tunisia: 'This is the start of a global wave of protests'". Green Left Weekly. 9 October 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  6. ^ a b "The BOBs: 'A Tunisian Girl' wins Deutsche Welle Blog Awards | DW | 12.04.2011". DW.COM. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "Tunisian blogger becomes Nobel Prize nominee". Al Jazeera English. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  8. ^ "Global Voices · Lina Ben Mhenni – Contributor profile". Global Voices. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  9. ^ Blaise, Lilia (30 January 2020). "Lina Ben Mhenni, 36, 'a Tunisian Girl' Who Confronted Regime, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  10. ^ Oslo Freedom Forum. "LINA BEN MHENNI". Online Article. Oslo Freedom Forum. Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  11. ^ a b "Activist Lina Ben Mhenni Continues to Fight for Tunisian Democracy". AfricaMe. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  12. ^ "Free Alaa Abdel-Fatah". Tunisian Girl. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  13. ^ "Opinion: Tunisia's leaders have failed the Dignity Revolution". CNN. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d "Voice behind a revolution". Sydney Morning Herald. 21 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  15. ^ a b Tewolde-Berhan, Zara. "Technology and the Tunisian Revolution with Lina Ben Mhenni". Pocit: People of Color in Tech. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  16. ^ "Tunisia: 45,000 Books Collected for Tunisian Prisoners in Campaign Launched By Blogger Lina Ben Mhenni". allAfrica.com. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Lina Ben Mhenni, activist who chronicled Tunisia uprising, dies at 36". France 24. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  18. ^ "Speaker - Lina Ben Mhenni". Geneva Summit for Human Rights & Democracy. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  19. ^ "Award-winning blogger says she'll try to protect the 'fruits of the revolution' | DW | 20.06.2011". DW.COM. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  20. ^ "Seán MacBride Peace Prize". International Peace Bureau.
  21. ^ "Timbres hommage à l'effigie de Lina Ben Mhenni". lapresse.tn. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  22. ^ "Lancement du Prix Lina Ben Mhenni pour la liberté d'expression". Retrieved 14 June 2020.
  23. ^ "Muere la bloguera Lina Ben Mhenni, una de las voces de la Primavera Árabe". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  24. ^ PC, Equipo (27 January 2020). "Fallece a los 36 años Lina Ben Mehnni, Figura clave de la Primavera Árabe". Periodismo Ciudadano (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  25. ^ "Farewell to Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian blogger and human rights defender · Global Voices". Global Voices. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  26. ^ York, Jillian C. (27 January 2020). "In Memory of Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Free Expression Activist and Revolutionary". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Burying the voice of Tunisia's revolution". BBC News. 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
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