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{{Short description|Ukrainian military commander (1898–1921)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{Overlinked|date=November 2020}}
}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix = ''Ataman''
|honorific_prefix = ''Otaman''
|name = Konstantin Yurievich Pestushko
|name = Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko
|honorific_suffix =
|honorific_suffix =
|image = Константин_Юрьевич_Постушко.jpg
|image = Константин_Юрьевич_Постушко.jpg
|image_upright =
|image_upright =
|alt =
|alt =
|caption = Memorial monument to Konstantin Pestushko in Hannivka
|caption = Memorial monument to Kostiantyn Pestushko in Hannivka
|native_name = Костянти́н Ю́рійович Песту́шко
|native_name = Костянти́н Ю́рійович Песту́шко
|native_name_lang = uk
|native_name_lang = uk
|birth_name =
|birth_name =
|other_name =
|other_name =
|nickname = Kost Stepovy-Blakytny
|nickname = Kost Stepovyi-Blakytnyi
|birth_date = {{birth date|1898|02|14}}
|birth_date = {{birth date|1898|02|14}}
|birth_place = {{ill|Hannivka|uk|Ганнівка (Петрівський район)}}, {{flag|Russian Empire|1898}}
|birth_place = {{ill|Hannivka, Petrove settlement hromada, Oleksandriia Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast|lt=Hannivka|uk|Ганнівка (Петрівська селищна громада)}}, {{flag|Russian Empire|1898}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1921|05|09|1898|02|14}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|1921|05|09|1898|02|14}}
|death_place = Hannivka, {{flag|Ukrainian SSR|1921}}
|death_place = Hannivka, {{flag|Ukrainian SSR|1921}}
Line 24: Line 21:
|placeofburial_label =
|placeofburial_label =
|placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
|placeofburial_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
|allegiance = {{flagicon image|Volya_abo_smert`.jpg}} [[Kholodny Yar Republic]]
|allegiance = {{flagicon image|Volya_abo_smert`.jpg}} [[Kholodny Yar Republic]]
|branch = [[File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Russian_Empire.svg|20px]] [[Imperial Russian Army]] {{small|(1916-1918)}},<br>[[File:Roundel_of_Ukraine.svg|20px]] [[Ukrainian People's Army]] {{small|(1918-1919)}},<br>[[File:Death_to_oppressors_of_workers.svg|20px]] [[Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine]] {{small|(1919-1920)}},<br>[[File:Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg|20px]] [[Green armies|Green Army]] {{small|(1920-1921)}}
|branch = [[File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Russian_Empire.svg|20px]] [[Imperial Russian Army]] {{small|(1916-1918)}},<br />[[File:Roundel_of_Ukraine.svg|20px]] [[Ukrainian People's Army]] {{small|(1918-1919)}},<br />[[File:Death_to_oppressors_of_workers.svg|20px]] [[Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine]] {{small|(1919-1920)}},<br />[[File:Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg|20px]] [[Green armies|Green Army]] {{small|(1920-1921)}}
|branch_label = Service
|branch_label = Service
|serviceyears =
|serviceyears =
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|rank_label =
|rank_label =
|servicenumber =
|servicenumber =
|unit = [[File:Death_to_oppressors_of_workers.svg|20px]] [[Middle Dnieper group]] {{small|(1919-1920)}},<br>[[File:Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg|20px]] {{ill|Steppe Division|uk|Степова дивізія}} {{small|(1920-1921)}}
|unit = [[File:Death_to_oppressors_of_workers.svg|20px]] [[Middle Dnieper group]] {{small|(1919-1920)}},<br />[[File:Darker_green_and_Black_flag.svg|20px]] {{ill|Steppe Division|uk|Степова дивізія}} {{small|(1920-1921)}}
|commands =
|commands =
|battles = [[Ukrainian War of Independence]]
|battles = [[World War I]]<ref>http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/reness3.htm</ref><br />[[Ukrainian War of Independence]]
|battles_label =
|battles_label =
|awards =
|awards =
Line 50: Line 47:
}}
}}


'''Konstantin Yuryevich Pestushko''' ([[February 14]], [[1898]] - [[May 9]], [[1921]]) was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] military leader, commander of the rebel [[Steppe Division]], [[Ataman]] of the [[Kholodny Yar Republic]].
'''Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko''' ({{langx|uk|Костянтин Юрійович Пестушко}}; February 14, 1898 – May 9, 1921) was a [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] military leader, commander of the rebel {{ill|Steppe Division|uk|Степова дивізія}}, [[Otaman]] of the [[Kholodny Yar Republic]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Konstantin Yurievich Pestushko was born on [[February 14]], 1898 in Hannivka, into a wealthy Ukrainian peasant family.<ref name=Roman1>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228040507/http://ruthenos.org.ua/HTML/Postati/kost.html|url=http://ruthenos.org.ua/HTML/Postati/kost.html|archive-date=February 28, 2019|title=Степова дивізія Костя Блакитного|language=uk|first=Roman|last=Koval|series=Повернення отаманів гайдамацького краю|year=2001}}</ref> Konstantin's grandfather, Semyon Pavlovich Pestushko, was a well-to-do peasant, kept a [[zemstvo]] horse-post station and had a lot of land, part of which, 25 acres (and then a horse-post station), was transferred to Konstantin's father, Yuri Semyonovich. The mother of the future ataman, Alexandra, was illiterate, while his father graduated from four classes of the parish school. In the family, besides Konstantin, there were three more boys (Ivan, Fedor, Nikolai) and three girls (Polina, Vera, Ulyana). All of them graduated from school before [[1917]].
Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko was born on February 14, 1898, in Hannivka, into a wealthy Ukrainian peasant family.<ref name=Roman1>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228040507/http://ruthenos.org.ua/HTML/Postati/kost.html|url=http://ruthenos.org.ua/HTML/Postati/kost.html|archive-date=February 28, 2019|title=Степова дивізія Костя Блакитного|language=uk|first=Roman|last=Koval|series=Повернення отаманів гайдамацького краю|year=2001}}</ref>


After studying at the rural primary two-year "ministerial" school, where he showed outstanding abilities in [[mathematics]], Konstantin Pestushko entered the [[Zaporizhia|Aleksandrovsk]] secondary 7-grade mechanical and technical school (now the [[Zaporizhzhia National Technical University]]), the full course from which he graduated in 1916 - but for an unsatisfactory assessment of behavior in connection with a hooligan act against a mathematics teacher, he was not certified and in [[August 1916]] he volunteered to fight in the [[First World War]].<ref name=Roman1/>
After studying at the rural primary two-year "ministerial" school, where he showed outstanding abilities in mathematics, Kostiantyn Pestushko entered the [[Zaporizhia|Oleksandrivsk]] secondary 7-grade mechanical and technical school (now the [[Zaporizhzhia National Technical University]]), the full course from which he graduated in 1916 - but for an unsatisfactory assessment of behavior in connection with a hooligan act against a mathematics teacher, he was not certified and in August 1916 he volunteered to fight in the [[First World War]].<ref name=Roman1/>


===Military career===
===Military career===
As a [[private (rank)|private]], he fought in the [[Caucasus campaign]], where he was injured. He was awarded two [[Crosses of St. George]] for bravery. After graduating from the school of warrant officers in [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], he was sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. He rose to the rank of second lieutenant, and took command of a [[Company (military unit)|company]]. In the summer of 1917, he volunteered for the Death Shock Battalion, where the [[October Revolution]] found him. At the end of 1917, having barely escaped reprisals by the revolutionary [[Bolshevik]] soldiers, he returned to his homeland.<ref name="Roman2">{{cite book|title=Кость Блакитний, отаман Степової дивізії (збірник документів і спогадів)|location=Kiev|publisher=Незборима нація, Просвіта|year=1997|language=uk}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/reness3.htm|title=Вище військове керівництво Холодного Яру в 1917 - 1922 роках|language=uk|first=Roman|last=Koval}}</ref>
As a [[private (rank)|private]], he fought in the [[Caucasus campaign]], where he was injured. He was awarded two [[Crosses of St. George]] for bravery. After graduating from the school of warrant officers in [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], he was sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. He rose to the rank of second lieutenant, and took command of a [[Company (military unit)|company]]. In the summer of 1917, he volunteered for the Death Shock Battalion, where the [[October Revolution]] found him. At the end of 1917, having barely escaped reprisals by the revolutionary [[Bolshevik]] soldiers, he returned to his homeland.<ref name="Roman2">{{cite book|title=Кость Блакитний, отаман Степової дивізії (збірник документів і спогадів)|location=Kiev|publisher=Незборима нація, Просвіта|year=1997|language=uk}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/reness3.htm|title=Вище військове керівництво Холодного Яру в 1917 - 1922 роках|language=uk|first=Roman|last=Koval}}</ref>


⚫
In October 1919, having united several small partisan detachments of otamans Skirda and {{ill|Panas Keleberda|uk|Келеберда Панас Дмитрович}} with a total strength of up to 500 people, he established contacts with the [[Makhnovists]], received weapons from them, formed and led the [[Middle Dnieper group]] of the [[Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine]]. He acted as a member of the Makhnovist uprising against the [[military dictatorship]] of [[Anton Denikin]]. After he had increased the forces of the Middle Dnieper group to 3000 fighters, he renamed it to the Republican Forces and began to act independently.<ref name="Roman2"/>
In 1918 he was mobilized into the army of the [[Ukrainian State]]. He served in [[Bila Tserkva]], in the Mankovsky regiment as an officer. After the anti-[[Hetman of Ukraine|hetman]] [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]] coup, from December 1918 - in the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] army. In February-[[March 1919]], the [[Ukrainian Soviet Army]], advancing from the east, inflicted a crushing defeat on the [[Ukrainian People's Army]]: many units and formations of the UPA went over to the side of the enemy or self-demobilized. Pestushko left the service and returned to his native village. In [[June 1919]], shortly after the Bolsheviks suppressed [[Nikifor Grigoriev]]'s uprising, it was captured by the [[White Army]].


⚫
After the Denikinites were expelled from [[Ukraine]], in January 1920, Pestushko returned to his native village of Hannivka and was elected Chairman of the Volost Military Revolutionary Committee there, created by the Bolsheviks who had restored their power in Ukraine. He was in this position for about three months – until May 10, 1920. Over the course of the Bolsheviks' mobilization into the [[Red Army]], he convinced the mobilized peasants of the Verkhnodniprovskyi district to unite in an insurgent detachment and act against the Reds in [[Kryvyi Rih]]. On May 12, after a seven-hour battle, Kryvyi Rih was liberated from the Bolsheviks.<ref name=Roman1/>
===Rebel Ataman===
Fearing mobilization into the [[Volunteer Army]], Konstantin Pestushko left for [[Zaporizhia|Aleksandrovsk]] to see his friends at the school. There, at the head of a small partisan detachment, he began military operations against the [[White Army|White Guards]]. To protect his family, he acted under the pseudonym "Stepovy-Blakytny".


⚫
In the spring and autumn of 1920, Kost Blakytnyi was one of the leaders of the anti-Bolshevik uprisings in Ukraine. He created and led the insurgent {{ill|Steppe Division|uk|Степова дивізія}}, which numbered from 12 to 18 thousand fighters and fought against the Bolshevik regime using [[Partisan (military)|partisan]] methods under the slogan "For the independence of Ukraine" ({{langx|uk|За Самостійну Україну}}).<ref name=Roman1/>
⚫
In [[October 1919]], having united several small partisan detachments of atamans Skirda and {{ill|Afanasy Keleberda|uk|Келеберда Панас Дмитрович}} with a total strength of up to 500 people, he established contacts with the [[Makhnovists]], received weapons from them, formed and led the [[Middle Dnieper group]] of the [[Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine]]. He acted as a member of the Makhnovist uprising against the [[military dictatorship]] of [[Anton Denikin]]. After he had increased the forces of the Middle Dnieper group to 3000 fighters, he renamed it to the Republican Forces and began to act independently.<ref name="Roman2"/>


⚫
He acted in the [[Kherson]], [[Katerynoslav]] and [[Kyiv]] provinces, in particular – in the [[Chigirinsky Uyezd|Chyhyrynskyi]] district.<ref name="Roman2"/> He commanded the First Alexandrian Rebel Army. After his rebel formations united with the Kholodnoyarsk armed forces, on September 24, 1920, at a rebel conference in the town of {{ill|Medvedivka|uk|Медведівка (Чигиринський район)}}, he was elected Ataman of Kholodny Yar.<ref name=Roman1/>
⚫
After the Denikinites were expelled from [[Ukraine]], in [[January 1920]], Pestushko returned to his native village of Hannivka and was elected Chairman of the Volost Military Revolutionary Committee there, created by the Bolsheviks who had restored their power in Ukraine. He was in this position for about three months - until [[May 10]], [[1920]]. Over the course of the Bolsheviks' mobilization into the [[Red Army]], he convinced the mobilized peasants of the Verkhnedneprovsky district to unite in an insurgent detachment and act against the Reds in [[Kryvyi Rih]]. On [[May 12]], after a seven-hour battle, Kryvyi Rih was liberated from the Bolsheviks.<ref name=Roman1/>


⚫
The [[Cheka]] developed a special operation to neutralize Kost Stepovoy. On April 29, 1921, the Cheka arrested more than 50 people involved in the rebel headquarters of Pestushko. Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko died on May 9, 1921, in Hannivka during a battle with a unit of the Kryvyi Rih security officers. He was buried in his native village.<ref name="Roman2"/>
⚫
In the spring and autumn of 1920, Kost Blakytny was one of the leaders of the anti-Bolshevik uprisings in Ukraine. He created and led the insurgent {{ill|Steppe Division|uk|Степова дивізія}}, which numbered from 12 to 18 thousand fighters and fought against the Bolshevik regime using [[Partisan (military)|partisan]] methods under the slogan "For the independence of Ukraine" ({{lang-uk|За Самостійну Україну}}).<ref name=Roman1/>


⚫
==Legacy==
⚫
He acted in the [[Kherson]], [[Yekaterinoslav]] and [[Kiev]] provinces, in particular - in the [[Chigirinsky Uyezd|Chigirinsky]] district.<ref name="Roman2"/> He commanded the First Alexandrian Rebel Army. After his rebel formations united with the Kholodnoyarsk armed forces, on [[September 24]], 1920, at a rebel conference in the town of {{ill|Medvedivka|uk|Медведівка (Чигиринський район)}}, he was elected Ataman of [[Kholodny Yar]].<ref name=Roman1/> Although, in [[October 1920]], having gone to the Yekaterinoslav province at the head of the Steppe Division, he resigned his position as Ataman.


⚫
In August 2019 [[17th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|17th separate tank brigade]] of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] was renamed after Pestushko by a decree of [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]].<ref name="NN№618/2019KPhwa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6182019-29185|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №618/2019|date=22 August 2019|access-date=7 February 2021|publisher=President of Ukraine|language=uk|trans-title=DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE №618 / 2019}}</ref>
In the fall of 1920, his insurgent movement covered the entire Kherson province and part of the Yekaterinoslav province. The activities of the Ekaterinoslavsky Insurgent Committee, headed by Pestushko, against the Bolsheviks were quite successful.

⚫
The [[Cheka]] developed a special operation to neutralize Kostya Stepovoy. On [[April 29]], [[1921]], the Cheka arrested more than 50 people involved in the rebel headquarters of Pestushko. Konstantin Yurievich Pestushko died on [[May 9]], 1921 in Hannivka during a battle with a unit of the Kryvyi Rih security officers. He was buried in his native village.<ref name="Roman2"/>

⚫
==Legacy==
* In [[Kryvyi Rih]], one of the streets is named after Pestushko.
⚫
* In August 2019 [[17th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)|17th separate tank brigade]] of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] was renamed after Pestushko by a decree of [[President of Ukraine|President]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]].<ref name="NN№618/2019KPhwa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/6182019-29185|title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №618/2019|date=22 August 2019|access-date=7 February 2021|publisher=President of Ukraine|language=uk|trans-title=DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE №618 / 2019}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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*{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324222048/http://unknownwar.info/-_163/|archive-date=March 24, 2016|url=http://unknownwar.info/-_163/|title=Кость Блакытный, атаман Степной дивизии. Сборник документов и воспоминаний|year=1997|language=ru}}
*{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324222048/http://unknownwar.info/-_163/|archive-date=March 24, 2016|url=http://unknownwar.info/-_163/|title=Кость Блакытный, атаман Степной дивизии. Сборник документов и воспоминаний|year=1997|language=ru}}


{{Authority control}}
{{improve categories|date=November 2020}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Pestushko, Konstantin Yurievich}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pestushko, Konstantin Yurievich}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Ukrainian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Ukrainian people]]
[[Category: Atamans]]
[[Category:Atamans]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Ukrainian people of World War I]]
[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]

Latest revision as of 08:35, 3 November 2024

Otaman

Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko
Memorial monument to Kostiantyn Pestushko in Hannivka
Native name
Костянти́н Ю́рійович Песту́шко
Nickname(s)Kost Stepovyi-Blakytnyi
Born(1898-02-14)February 14, 1898
Hannivka [uk],  Russian Empire
DiedMay 9, 1921(1921-05-09) (aged 23)
Hannivka,  Ukrainian SSR
Allegiance Kholodny Yar Republic
Service Imperial Russian Army (1916-1918),
Ukrainian People's Army (1918-1919),
Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (1919-1920),
Green Army (1920-1921)
Unit Middle Dnieper group (1919-1920),
Steppe Division [uk] (1920-1921)
Battles / warsWorld War I[1]
Ukrainian War of Independence

Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko (Ukrainian: Костянтин Юрійович Пестушко; February 14, 1898 – May 9, 1921) was a Ukrainian military leader, commander of the rebel Steppe Division [uk], Otaman of the Kholodny Yar Republic.

Biography

[edit]

Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko was born on February 14, 1898, in Hannivka, into a wealthy Ukrainian peasant family.[2]

After studying at the rural primary two-year "ministerial" school, where he showed outstanding abilities in mathematics, Kostiantyn Pestushko entered the Oleksandrivsk secondary 7-grade mechanical and technical school (now the Zaporizhzhia National Technical University), the full course from which he graduated in 1916 - but for an unsatisfactory assessment of behavior in connection with a hooligan act against a mathematics teacher, he was not certified and in August 1916 he volunteered to fight in the First World War.[2]

Military career

[edit]

As a private, he fought in the Caucasus campaign, where he was injured. He was awarded two Crosses of St. George for bravery. After graduating from the school of warrant officers in Gori, he was sent to the Western Front. He rose to the rank of second lieutenant, and took command of a company. In the summer of 1917, he volunteered for the Death Shock Battalion, where the October Revolution found him. At the end of 1917, having barely escaped reprisals by the revolutionary Bolshevik soldiers, he returned to his homeland.[3]

In October 1919, having united several small partisan detachments of otamans Skirda and Panas Keleberda [uk] with a total strength of up to 500 people, he established contacts with the Makhnovists, received weapons from them, formed and led the Middle Dnieper group of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. He acted as a member of the Makhnovist uprising against the military dictatorship of Anton Denikin. After he had increased the forces of the Middle Dnieper group to 3000 fighters, he renamed it to the Republican Forces and began to act independently.[3]

After the Denikinites were expelled from Ukraine, in January 1920, Pestushko returned to his native village of Hannivka and was elected Chairman of the Volost Military Revolutionary Committee there, created by the Bolsheviks who had restored their power in Ukraine. He was in this position for about three months – until May 10, 1920. Over the course of the Bolsheviks' mobilization into the Red Army, he convinced the mobilized peasants of the Verkhnodniprovskyi district to unite in an insurgent detachment and act against the Reds in Kryvyi Rih. On May 12, after a seven-hour battle, Kryvyi Rih was liberated from the Bolsheviks.[2]

In the spring and autumn of 1920, Kost Blakytnyi was one of the leaders of the anti-Bolshevik uprisings in Ukraine. He created and led the insurgent Steppe Division [uk], which numbered from 12 to 18 thousand fighters and fought against the Bolshevik regime using partisan methods under the slogan "For the independence of Ukraine" (Ukrainian: За Самостійну Україну).[2]

He acted in the Kherson, Katerynoslav and Kyiv provinces, in particular – in the Chyhyrynskyi district.[3] He commanded the First Alexandrian Rebel Army. After his rebel formations united with the Kholodnoyarsk armed forces, on September 24, 1920, at a rebel conference in the town of Medvedivka [uk], he was elected Ataman of Kholodny Yar.[2]

The Cheka developed a special operation to neutralize Kost Stepovoy. On April 29, 1921, the Cheka arrested more than 50 people involved in the rebel headquarters of Pestushko. Kostiantyn Yuriyovych Pestushko died on May 9, 1921, in Hannivka during a battle with a unit of the Kryvyi Rih security officers. He was buried in his native village.[3]

Legacy

[edit]

In August 2019 17th separate tank brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was renamed after Pestushko by a decree of President Volodymyr Zelensky.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/reness3.htm
  2. ^ a b c d e Koval, Roman (2001). "Степова дивізія Костя Блакитного". Повернення отаманів гайдамацького краю (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Кость Блакитний, отаман Степової дивізії (збірник документів і спогадів) (in Ukrainian). Kiev: Незборима нація, Просвіта. 1997.
    Koval, Roman. "Вище військове керівництво Холодного Яру в 1917 - 1922 роках" (in Ukrainian).
  4. ^ "УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №618/2019" [DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE №618 / 2019] (in Ukrainian). President of Ukraine. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2021.

Bibliography

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Pestushko&oldid=1255129406"