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{{Short description|Lebanese activist (born 1951)}}
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'''Mustafa Dirani''' ({{lang-ar|'''مصطفى الديراني'''}}) was a member and held position of "the head of security" of the [[Amal Movement|Amal movement]] in [[Lebanon]] associated with [[Syria]]. In 1987 he started contacts with pro-Iran sources, and eventually he created contacts between them and the rest of the leadership of [[Amal Movement|Amal]]. He was expelled from Amal and he established his own organization, the "Believing Resistance".
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}


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'''Mustafa Dirani''' ({{langx|ar|مصطفى الديراني}}; born 1951)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rightsobserver.org/files/SOLIDA_Joint_Mission_FIDH_FR_2001.pdf|title=Liban: L'attente continue pour les familles de détenus et de disparus|website=Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme|language=French|page=8|date=2001}}</ref> is a former head of security in the [[Amal Movement]] in [[Lebanon]]. In 1987, he started reaching out to pro-[[Iran]] sources, and eventually established contact between them and the rest of the Amal leadership. He was eventually expelled from Amal and established his own organization, the "Believing Resistance".
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Abducted by [[Israel]]i commandos in 1994, he was held in [[administrative detention]] as a bargaining chip in exchange for Israeli servicemen held by [[Hezbollah]]. At the time, Israeli forces were in control of the southern [[Lebanon]] security buffer, in order to prevent the region from being used as a launching ground on attacks on Israel's [[Galilee]] region.


Captured by [[Israel|Israeli forces]] in 1994, Dirani was held until a 2004 prisoner swap.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-05-22-9405220356-story.html Lebanese guerrilla abducted by Israel], Tom Hundley, 22 May 1994, [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref>
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Mustafa Dirani was abducted from his home in Lebanon by Israeli commandos on the day of the [[Muslim]] festival of [[Eid ul-Adha]]. Israel believed that Dirani had exclusive knowledge to the whereabouts of [[Israel Air Force]] pilot [[Ron Arad (pilot)|Ron Arad]], who was captured by Dirani's armed men in 1986, and has been unheard of since then. During his interrogation by military officers, Dirani reportedly disclosed that Arad had been turned over first to a Hezbollah militia unit and then to [[Iran]]ian [[Revolutionary Guards]], who were in Lebanon at the time aiding Hezbollah guerrillas. But neither Iran nor any guerrilla group has ever offered any useful information about his fate. Allegedly, Dirani received $300,000 for transferring Ron Arad to the Iranians.


==Biography==
Dirani alleges that he was sodomized and tortured by his Israeli captors. He testified in an Israeli court to this abuse. These allegations were reported by the ''Associated Press'', ''Al Jazeera'', and the ''Jerusalem Post''. Initially the [[International Red Cross]] was denied permission to see Dirani, but a court order forced Israeli prison authorities to comply with legal rules.
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Dirani was taken from his home in [[Kasarnaba]] in the [[Beqaa valley|eastern Beqaa]] by Israeli airborne commandos on 27 May 1994.<ref>[[Middle East International]] No 476, 27 May 1994, Publishers [[Christopher Mayhew|Lord Mayhew]], [[Dennis Walters|Dennis Walters MP]]; Editor [[Michael Adams (journalist)|Michael Adams]]; Gerald Butt p.7</ref> He was held in [[administrative detention]] and was offered in exchange for Israeli servicemen held by [[Hezbollah]]. At the time, Israeli forces were in control of the southern-Lebanon security buffer, in order to prevent the region from being used as a launching ground for attacks on Israel's [[Galilee]] region.


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Israel believed that Dirani had exclusive knowledge concerning the whereabouts of [[Israel Air Force]] navigator [[Ron Arad (pilot)|Ron Arad]], who was captured by Dirani's armed men in 1986, and has been unheard of since then.<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel to Release Lebanese Prisoners |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/718295.stm |website=news.bbc.co.uk |date=18 April 2000 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> During his interrogation by military officers, Dirani reportedly disclosed that Arad had been turned over first to a Hezbollah's unit and then to Iranian [[Revolutionary Guards]], who were in Lebanon at the time aiding Hezbollah guerrillas. Neither Iran nor any guerrilla group has ever offered any useful information about Arad's fate. Allegedly, Dirani received $300,000 for transferring Ron Arad to the Iranians.
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In January 2004, in a [[Germany|German]]-mediated prisoner swap, Dirani along with 22 other Lebanese detainees, and about 412 Palestinians prisoners was released in exchange for the bodies of three Israeli soldiers and Israeli businessman [[Elchanan Tannenbaum]].


Dirani alleges that he was sodomized and tortured by his Israeli captors. He testified in an Israeli court to this abuse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hizballah Leader Says Israel Tortured Him |url=http://www.ihrc.org.uk/show.php?id=984 |website=ihrc.org.uk |date=4 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192239/http://www.ihrc.org.uk/show.php?id=984|access-date=13 April 2021|archive-date = 3 March 2016}}</ref> The allegations were reported by the ''[[Associated Press]]'', ''[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'', and ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Militant Says He Was Abused by Israel |url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/93-01272004-234970.html |website=phillyburbs.com |date=3 March 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060910213007/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/93-01272004-234970.html |access-date=13 April 2021|archive-date=10 September 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Facility 1391: Israel's Secret Prison |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/14/israel2 |website=theguardian.com |date=14 November 2003 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> Initially, the [[International Red Cross]] was denied permission to see Dirani, but a court order forced Israeli prison authorities to comply with legal rules.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obeid, Dirani to be Allowed Red Cross Visits |url=http://www.mia.org.il/archive/010824ha.html |website=mia.org.il |date=24 August 2001 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> In 2015, it was reported that in a 4-3 decision, the Israeli supreme court ruled that Dirani could not continue with his lawsuit against the nation, after a lengthy court battle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bob |first=Yonah Jeremy |date=15 January 2015 |title=Supreme Court: Lebanese terrorist can't sue Israel for interrogators' alleged rape, torture |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/court-rules-lebanese-terrorist-cant-sue-israel-for-interrogators-alleged-rape-torture-387811 |access-date=11 March 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>
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== References ==

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*[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/wgad/31-2000.html ''Mustafa Dirani v. Israel, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention''], U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2002/77/Add.1 at 8 (2000). 13 April 2000.
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In January 2004, in a German-mediated prisoner swap, Dirani, along with 22 other Lebanese detainees, about 400 Palestinians, and 12 Israeli-Arab prisoners, was released in exchange for the bodies of three Israeli soldiers and abducted Israeli businessman [[Elchanan Tannenbaum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mid-East Prisoners Welcomed Home |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3442719.stm |website=news.bbc.co.uk |date=29 January 2004 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>
*''BBC News'' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/718295.stm "Israel to release Lebanese prisoners"] 18 April 2000.

*Moshe Reinfeld. [http://www.mia.org.il/archive/010824ha.html "Obeid, Dirani to be Allowed Red Cross Visits"] August 24, 2001.
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==References==
*''The Guardian''. [https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1084796,00.html "Facility 1391: Israel's Secret Prison"] 14 November 2003.
{{reflist}}
*''BBC News'' [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3442719.stm "Mid-East prisoners welcomed home"] 29 January 2004.

*Peter Enav. ''Associated Press''. [http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/93-01272004-234970.html "Militant Says He Was Abused by Israel"] 27 January 2004.
==External links==
*''Al Jazeera''. [http://www.ihrc.org.uk/show.php?id=984 "Hizb Allah leader says Israel tortured him"] 27 January 2004.
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* [http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/wgad/31-2000.html Mustafa Dirani v. Israel, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention], U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2002/77/Add.1 at 8 (2000). 13 April 2000.
*Matthew Gutman and Tovah Lazaroff. ''Jerusalem Post''. "Dirani to Testify on Rape Charges" 27 January 2004.


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dirani, Mustafa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dirani, Mustafa}}
[[Category:Lebanese people]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Amal Movement politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Israeli–Lebanese conflict]]
[[Category:Hezbollah–Israel conflict]]
[[Category:Lebanese torture victims]]
[[Category:Lebanese torture victims]]

Latest revision as of 09:47, 3 November 2024

Mustafa Dirani (Arabic: مصطفى الديراني; born 1951)[1] is a former head of security in the Amal Movement in Lebanon. In 1987, he started reaching out to pro-Iran sources, and eventually established contact between them and the rest of the Amal leadership. He was eventually expelled from Amal and established his own organization, the "Believing Resistance".

Captured by Israeli forces in 1994, Dirani was held until a 2004 prisoner swap.[2]

Biography

[edit]

Dirani was taken from his home in Kasarnaba in the eastern Beqaa by Israeli airborne commandos on 27 May 1994.[3] He was held in administrative detention and was offered in exchange for Israeli servicemen held by Hezbollah. At the time, Israeli forces were in control of the southern-Lebanon security buffer, in order to prevent the region from being used as a launching ground for attacks on Israel's Galilee region.

Israel believed that Dirani had exclusive knowledge concerning the whereabouts of Israel Air Force navigator Ron Arad, who was captured by Dirani's armed men in 1986, and has been unheard of since then.[4] During his interrogation by military officers, Dirani reportedly disclosed that Arad had been turned over first to a Hezbollah's unit and then to Iranian Revolutionary Guards, who were in Lebanon at the time aiding Hezbollah guerrillas. Neither Iran nor any guerrilla group has ever offered any useful information about Arad's fate. Allegedly, Dirani received $300,000 for transferring Ron Arad to the Iranians.

Dirani alleges that he was sodomized and tortured by his Israeli captors. He testified in an Israeli court to this abuse.[5] The allegations were reported by the Associated Press, Al Jazeera, and The Jerusalem Post.[6][7] Initially, the International Red Cross was denied permission to see Dirani, but a court order forced Israeli prison authorities to comply with legal rules.[8] In 2015, it was reported that in a 4-3 decision, the Israeli supreme court ruled that Dirani could not continue with his lawsuit against the nation, after a lengthy court battle.[9]

In January 2004, in a German-mediated prisoner swap, Dirani, along with 22 other Lebanese detainees, about 400 Palestinians, and 12 Israeli-Arab prisoners, was released in exchange for the bodies of three Israeli soldiers and abducted Israeli businessman Elchanan Tannenbaum.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Liban: L'attente continue pour les familles de détenus et de disparus" (PDF). Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme (in French). 2001. p. 8.
  2. ^ Lebanese guerrilla abducted by Israel, Tom Hundley, 22 May 1994, Chicago Tribune
  3. ^ Middle East International No 476, 27 May 1994, Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP; Editor Michael Adams; Gerald Butt p.7
  4. ^ "Israel to Release Lebanese Prisoners". news.bbc.co.uk. 18 April 2000. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  5. ^ "Hizballah Leader Says Israel Tortured Him". ihrc.org.uk. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Militant Says He Was Abused by Israel". phillyburbs.com. 3 March 2004. Archived from the original on 10 September 2006. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  7. ^ "Facility 1391: Israel's Secret Prison". theguardian.com. 14 November 2003. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  8. ^ "Obeid, Dirani to be Allowed Red Cross Visits". mia.org.il. 24 August 2001. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  9. ^ Bob, Yonah Jeremy (15 January 2015). "Supreme Court: Lebanese terrorist can't sue Israel for interrogators' alleged rape, torture". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Mid-East Prisoners Welcomed Home". news.bbc.co.uk. 29 January 2004. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
[edit]
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