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{{short description|Administrative division based on the region administered by a voivode}}
{{short description|Administrative division in several countries of central and eastern Europe}}
{{about|historical voivodeships in various countries|more on the divisions of modern and historical Poland|Voivodeships of Poland}}
{{about|historical voivodeships in various countries|more on the divisions of modern and historical Poland|Voivodeships of Poland}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
[[File:Voivodeships_of_Poland.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Polish voivodeships since 1999]]
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A '''voivodeship''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɔɪ|v|oʊ|d|ʃ|ɪ|p}} {{respell|VOY|vohd|ship}}) or '''voivodate''' is the area administered by a [[voivode]] (governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a [[duchy]] in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a [[duke]]. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval [[Eastern Europe]] included [[Ban_(title)|ban]] (bojan, vojin or bayan) and [[Banate (disambiguation)|banate]].
[[File:Vojvodina map02.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Map of Serbian [[Vojvodina]]]]


⚫
In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the [[province]]s ({{lang|pl|[[Voivodeships of Poland|województwa]]}}) of Poland. {{As of|2024}}, Poland has 16 voivodeships.
⚫
A '''voivodeship''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɔɪ|ˌ|v|oʊ|d|ˌ|ʃ|ɪ|p}} is the area administered by a [[voivode]] (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in <!--please include only countries that were divided in voivodeships, not historical voivodeships-->[[Bulgarian Empire|Bulgaria]], [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Lithuania]], [[Latvia]], [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|Ukraine]], [[Russia]] and [[Serbia]]. The area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a [[duchy]] in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a [[duke]]. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval [[Eastern Europe]] included [[Ban_(title)|ban (bojan, vojin or bayan)]] and [[Banate (disambiguation)|banate]].

⚫
In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the [[province]]s ''([[Voivodeships of Poland|województwa]])'' of Poland. Poland {{as of | 2017 | lc = on}} has 16 voivodeships.


==Terminology==
==Terminology==
A [[voivode|voi(e)vod(e)]] (literally, "leader of warriors" or "war leader", equivalent to the [[Latin]] "''Dux Exercituum''" and the [[German language|German]] "''[[Herzog]]''") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later the word came to denote an administrative official.
A [[voivode|voi(e)vod(e)]] (literally, "leader of warriors" or "war leader", equivalent to the [[Latin]] "''Dux Exercituum''") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later the word came to denote an administrative official.


Words for "voivodeship" in various languages include the {{lang-pl|województwo}}; the {{lang-ro|voievodat}}; the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]: ''voivoda'' (войвода); the [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: ''vojvodina'' (војводина), ''vojvodstvo'' (војводство) or ''vojvodovina'' (војводовина); the {{lang-hu|vajdaság}}; the {{lang-be|ваяводства}} (''vajаvodstva''); the {{lang-lt|vaivadija}}. Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English.
Words for "voivodeship" in various languages include the {{langx|uk|воєводство}}; the {{langx|pl|województwo}}; the {{langx|ro|voievodat}}; the [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]: ''voivoda'' (войвода); the [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: ''vojvodina'' (војводина), ''vojvodstvo'' (војводство) or ''vojvodovina'' (војводовина); the {{langx|hu|vajdaság}}; the {{langx|be|ваяводства}} (''vajаvodstva''); the {{langx|lt|vaivadija}}. Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English.


Named for the word for "voivodeship" is the autonomous [[Serbia]]n province of [[Vojvodina]].
Named for the word for "voivodeship" is the autonomous [[Serbia]]n province of [[Vojvodina]].


Though the word "voivodeship" (other spellings are "voievodship" and "voivodship") appears in English dictionaries such as the [[OED]] and [[Webster's Third New International Dictionary|Webster's]], it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as "[[province]]s".<ref>"''Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo''—province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: ''województwo''—[[province]]..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk,[http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/27/32/ "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski"] ("[[Translation]] of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. For examples see [http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pro/plpro.html New Provinces of Poland (1998)]; [http://www.map-of-Poland.co.uk/ Map of Poland]; [http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/78/ English names of Polish provinces].</ref> Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as "duchies", "palatinates" (the [[Latin]] word "''palatinatus''" was used for a voivodeship in Poland), "administrative districts" or "regions".
Though the word "voivodeship" (other spellings are "voievodship" and "voivodship") appears in English dictionaries such as the [[OED]] and [[Webster's Third New International Dictionary|Webster's]], it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as "[[province]]s".<ref>"''Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo''—province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: ''województwo''—[[province]]..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk,[http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/27/32/ "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203627/http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/27/32/ |date=2016-03-03 }} ("[[Translation]] of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. For examples see [http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pro/plpro.html New Provinces of Poland (1998)]; [http://www.map-of-Poland.co.uk/ Map of Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426190140/http://www.map-of-poland.co.uk/ |date=2011-04-26 }}; [http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/78/ English names of Polish provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716043017/http://serwistlumacza.com/content/view/78/ |date=2011-07-16 }}.</ref> Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as "duchies", "palatinates" (the [[Latin]] word "''palatinatus''" was used for a voivodeship in Poland), "administrative districts" or "regions".

==Current Polish voivodeships==
[[File:PolandSzczecinProvincialOffice2.JPG|thumb|upright|The Office of [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship]] in [[Szczecin]]]]
Since 1999, Poland has been divided into the following 16 voivodeships or provinces (for more information see [[Administrative divisions of Poland]] and [[Voivodeships of Poland]]):
* [[Greater Poland Voivodeship]] (''województwo wielkopolskie'')
* [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship]] (''województwo kujawsko-pomorskie'')
* [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] (''województwo małopolskie'')
* [[Łódź Voivodeship]] (''województwo łódzkie'')
* [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]] (''województwo dolnośląskie'')
⚫
* [[Lublin Voivodeship]] (''województwo lubelskie'')
* [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] (''województwo lubuskie'')
⚫
* [[Masovian Voivodeship]] (''województwo mazowieckie'')
* [[Opole Voivodeship]] (''województwo opolskie'')
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* [[Podlaskie Voivodeship]] (''województwo podlaskie'')
* [[Pomeranian Voivodeship]] (''województwo pomorskie'')
* [[Silesian Voivodeship]] (''województwo śląskie'')
* [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]] (''województwo podkarpackie'')
* [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship]] (''województwo świętokrzyskie'')
* [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship]] (''województwo warmińsko-mazurskie'')
* [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship]] (''województwo zachodniopomorskie'')


==Historical voivodeships==
==Historical voivodeships==
===Outside Poland===
===in Southeastern Europe===
[[File:Romania 1600-mod.png|thumb|Principality of Transylvania and the voivodeships of Wallachia and Moldavia ruled by [[Mihai Viteazul]] in 1600]]
[[File:Southeastern Europe in the 14th century.jpg|thumb|The voivodeships of Wallachia and Moldavia in the 14th century]]
[[File:Vojvodina03.png|thumb|[[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodina]] (1848–1849)]]
[[File:Vojvodina03.png|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodina]] (1848–1849)]]
[[File:Map of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (1849-1860).png|thumb|[[Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat]] (1849-1860)]]
[[File:Map of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (1849-1860).png|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat]] (1849-1860)]]
In the territory of modern [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]], the regions of [[Wallachia]], [[Moldavia]] and [[Voivodeship of Transylvania|Transylvania]] were formerly voivodeships.
In the territory of modern [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]], the regions of [[Wallachia]], [[Moldavia]] and [[Voivodeship of Transylvania|Transylvania]] were formerly voivodeships. The region of [[Maramureș]], now split between Romania and [[Ukraine]], also used to be its own voivodeship, the [[Voivodeship of Maramureș]].


Historical voivodeships in the territory of modern [[Serbia]] include the [[Salan|Voivodeship of Salan]] (9th–10th centuries), [[Sermon (ruler)|Voivodeship of Sermon]] (11th century) and [[Radoslav Čelnik|Voivodeship of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik]] (1527–1530). A voivodeship called [[Serbian Vojvodina]] was established in 1848–1849; this was transformed into the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat]], a land within the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] from 1849 to 1860. This is the origin of the name of the present-day Serbian autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]].
Historical voivodeships in the territory of modern [[Serbia]] include the [[Salan|Voivodeship of Salan]] (9th–10th centuries), [[Sermon (ruler)|Voivodeship of Sermon]] (11th century), and [[Radoslav Čelnik|Voivodeship of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik]] (1527–1530). A voivodeship called [[Serbian Vojvodina]] was established in 1848–1849; this was transformed into the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat]], a land within the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] from 1849 to 1860. This is the origin of the name of the present-day Serbian autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]].


===In Poland and Lithuania===
===In Poland and Lithuania===
For more information about the divisions of Polish lands in particular periods, see [[Administrative divisions of Poland#Historical|Administrative divisions of Poland ("Historical")]].
For more information about the divisions of Polish lands in particular periods, see [[Administrative divisions of Poland#Historical|Administrative divisions of Poland ("Historical")]].


====Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth====
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Voivodeships in the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795):
{{main|Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth}}
⚫
Voivodeships in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795):
*In the Polish Crown Lands:
*In the Polish Crown Lands:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
⚫
**[[Poznań Voivodeship]]
**[[Kalisz Voivodeship]]
*[[Poznań Voivodeship (14th century – 1793)|Poznań Voivodeship]]
**[[Gniezno Voivodeship]]
*[[Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793)|Kalisz Voivodeship]]
**[[Sieradz Voivodeship]]
*[[Gniezno Voivodeship]]
**[[Łęczyca Voivodeship]]
*[[Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793)|Sieradz Voivodeship]]
**[[Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship]]
*[[Łęczyca Voivodeship]]
**[[Inowrocław Voivodeship]]
*[[Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship]]
**[[Chełmno Voivodeship]]
*[[Inowrocław Voivodeship]]
**[[Malbork Voivodeship]]
*[[Chełmno Voivodeship]]
**[[Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
*[[Malbork Voivodeship]]
**[[Płock Voivodeship]]
*[[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]]
**[[Rawa Voivodeship]]
*[[Płock Voivodeship (1495–1793)|Płock Voivodeship]]
**[[Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)|Masovian Voivodeship]]
*[[Rawa Voivodeship]]
*[[Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795)|Masovian Voivodeship]]
**[[Kraków Voivodeship]]
*[[Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795)|Kraków Voivodeship]]
**[[Sandomierz Voivodeship]]
*[[Sandomierz Voivodeship]]
**[[Lublin Voivodeship]]
*[[Lublin Voivodeship (1474–1795)|Lublin Voivodeship]]
**[[Podlasie Voivodeship]]
*[[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
**[[Ruthenian Voivodeship]]
*[[Ruthenian Voivodeship]] (until 1772; [[Chełm Land|Chełm Voivodeship]] thereafter)
**[[Bełz Voivodeship]]
*[[Bełz Voivodeship]]
**[[Wołyń Voivodeship (1569–1795)|Wolhynia Voivodeship]]
*[[Volhynian Voivodeship (1569–1795)|Wolhynia Voivodeship]]
**[[Podole Voivodeship]]
*[[Podolian Voivodeship]]
**[[Bracław Voivodeship]]
*[[Bracław Voivodeship]]
**[[Kijów Voivodeship]]
*[[Kijów Voivodeship]]
**[[Czernihów Voivodeship]]
*[[Czernihów Voivodeship]]
{{Div col end}}
*In the historical [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]:
*In the historical [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
** [[Vilnius Voivodeship]]
** [[Trakai Voivodeship]]
* [[Vilnius Voivodeship]]
** [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507-1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]
* [[Trakai Voivodeship]]
* [[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507-1795)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]]
** [[Brest-Litovsk Voivodeship]]
* [[Brest-Litovsk Voivodeship]]
** [[Minsk Voivodeship]]
* [[Minsk Voivodeship]]
** [[Mścisław Voivodeship]]
* [[Mścisław Voivodeship]]
** [[Smolensk Voivodeship]]
* [[Smolensk Voivodeship]]
** [[Vitebsk Voivodeship]]
* [[Vitebsk Voivodeship]]
** [[Połock Voivodeship]]
* [[Połock Voivodeship]]
{{Div col end}}
*In the historical [[Duchy of Livonia]]:
*In the historical [[Duchy of Livonia]]:
** [[Wenden Voivodeship]] (1598–1620)
** [[Wenden Voivodeship]] (1598–1620)
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** [[Inflanty Voivodeship]] (from the 1620s)
** [[Inflanty Voivodeship]] (from the 1620s)


==== Congress Poland (1816–37) ====
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[[Image:Poland administrative division 1922 literki.png|thumb|Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939]]
{{main|Subdivisions of Congress Poland}}
Voivodeships in [[Congress Poland]] 1816–37.

⚫
* [[Augustów Voivodeship]]
* [[Kalisz Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Kalisz Voivodeship]]
* [[Kraków Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Kraków Voivodeship]]
⚫
* [[Lublin Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Lublin Voivodeship]]
⚫
* [[Masovian Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Masovian Voivodeship]]
* [[Płock Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Płock Voivodeship]]
⚫
* [[Podlaskie Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
* [[Sandomierz Voivodeship (1816–1837)|Sandomierz Voivodeship]]

====Second Polish Republic====
{{main|Subdivisions of the Second Polish Republic}}
⚫
[[File:Poland administrative division 1922 literki.png|thumb|upright=1.25|Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1938]]
Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939:
Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939:
*[[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)|Silesian Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Śląskie'')
*[[Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)|Silesian Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Śląskie}})
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Białystok Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Białostockie'')
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Białystok Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Białostockie}})
*[[Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Kielce Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Kieleckie'')
*[[Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Kielce Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Kieleckie}})
*[[Kraków Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Kraków Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Krakowskie'')
*[[Kraków Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Kraków Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Krakowskie}})
*[[Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Łódź Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Łódzkie'')
*[[Łódź Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Łódź Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Łódzkie}})
*[[Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Lublin Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Lubelskie'')
*[[Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Lublin Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Lubelskie}})
*[[Lwów Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Lwowskie'')
*[[Lwów Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Lwowskie}})
*[[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Nowogrodzkie'')
*[[Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919-1939)|Nowogródek Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Nowogrodzkie}})
*[[Polesie Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Poleskie'')
*[[Polesie Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Poleskie}})
*[[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Pomorskie'')
*[[Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Pomeranian Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Pomorskie}})
*[[Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)|Poznań Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Poznańskie'')
*[[Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)|Poznań Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Poznańskie}})
*[[Stanisławów Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Stanisławowskie'')
*[[Stanisławów Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Stanisławowskie}})
*[[Tarnopol Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Tarnopolskie'')
*[[Tarnopol Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Tarnopolskie}})
*[[Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Warsaw Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Warszawskie'')
*[[Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)|Warsaw Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Warszawskie}})
*[[Wilno Voivodeship (1923–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Wileńskie'')
*[[Wilno Voivodeship (1923–1939)|Wilno Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Wileńskie}})
*[[Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)|Volhynian Voivodeship]] (''Województwo Wołyńkie'')
*[[Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)|Volhynian Voivodeship]] ({{lang|pl|Województwo Wołyńskie}})


====Poland 1945–75====
Voivodeships of Poland, 1945–1975:
Voivodeships of Poland, 1945–1975:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1945-1975)|Białystok Voivodeship]]
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1945-1975)|Białystok Voivodeship]]
*[[Bydgoszcz Voivodeship]]
*[[Bydgoszcz Voivodeship]]
*[[Gdańsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Gdańsk Voivodeship (1945–1975)|Gdańsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Katowice Voivodeship]]
*[[Katowice Voivodeship]]
*[[Kielce Voivodeship]]
*[[Kielce Voivodeship]]
*[[Koszalin Voivodeship]]
*[[Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)|Koszalin Voivodeship]]
*[[Kraków Voivodeship]]
*[[Kraków Voivodeship (1945–1975)|Kraków Voivodeship]]
*[[Łódź Voivodeship]]
*[[Łódź Voivodeship]]
*[[Lublin Voivodeship]]
*[[Lublin Voivodeship]]
Line 124: Line 125:
*[[Poznań Voivodeship]]
*[[Poznań Voivodeship]]
*[[Rzeszów Voivodeship]]
*[[Rzeszów Voivodeship]]
*[[Szczecin Voivodeship]]
*[[Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)|Szczecin Voivodeship]]
*[[Warsaw Voivodeship (1945–75)|Warsaw Voivodeship]]
*[[Warsaw Voivodeship (1945–75)|Warsaw Voivodeship]]
*[[Wrocław Voivodeship]]
*[[Wrocław Voivodeship]]
*[[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]]
*[[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]]
{{Div col end}}


====Poland 1975–98====
Voivodeships of Poland, 1975–1998:
Voivodeships of Poland, 1975–1998:
{{Div col|small=yes}}
*[[Biała Podlaska Voivodeship]]
*[[Biała Podlaska Voivodeship]]
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1975-1998)|Białystok Voivodeship]]
*[[Białystok Voivodeship (1975-1998)|Białystok Voivodeship]]
Line 138: Line 142:
*[[Częstochowa Voivodeship]]
*[[Częstochowa Voivodeship]]
*[[Elbląg Voivodeship]]
*[[Elbląg Voivodeship]]
*[[Gdańsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Gdańsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Gorzów Voivodeship]]
*[[Gorzów Voivodeship]]
*[[Jelenia Góra Voivodeship]]
*[[Jelenia Góra Voivodeship]]
*[[Kalisz Voivodeship]]
*[[Kalisz Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Kalisz Voivodeship]]
*[[Katowice Voivodeship]]
*[[Katowice Voivodeship]]
*[[Kielce Voivodeship]]
*[[Kielce Voivodeship]]
*[[Konin Voivodeship]]
*[[Konin Voivodeship]]
*[[Koszalin Voivodeship]]
*[[Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Koszalin Voivodeship]]
*[[Kraków Voivodeship]]
*[[Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Kraków Voivodeship]]
*[[Krosno Voivodeship]]
*[[Krosno Voivodeship]]
*[[Legnica Voivodeship]]
*[[Legnica Voivodeship]]
Line 168: Line 172:
*[[Skierniewice Voivodeship]]
*[[Skierniewice Voivodeship]]
*[[Suwałki Voivodeship]]
*[[Suwałki Voivodeship]]
*[[Szczecin Voivodeship]]
*[[Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)|Szczecin Voivodeship]]
*[[Słupsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Słupsk Voivodeship]]
*[[Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship]]
*[[Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship]]
Line 179: Line 183:
*[[Zamość Voivodeship]]
*[[Zamość Voivodeship]]
*[[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]]
*[[Zielona Góra Voivodeship]]
{{Div col end}}


==References==
==References==
<references />
<references />

{{Commons category|Flags of voivodeships of Poland}}


{{Polish terms for country subdivisions}}
{{Polish terms for country subdivisions}}
Line 191: Line 194:


[[Category:Former subdivisions of Belarus]]
[[Category:Former subdivisions of Belarus]]
[[Category:Geographic history of Hungary]]
[[Category:Historical geography of Hungary]]
[[Category:Medieval Romania]]
[[Category:Medieval history of Romania]]
[[Category:Geographic history of Latvia]]
[[Category:Historical geography of Latvia]]
[[Category:Geographic history of Ukraine]]
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[[Category:Geographic history of Moldova]]
[[Category:Historical geography of Moldova]]
[[Category:Geography of Poland]]
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[[Category:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire]]

Latest revision as of 10:43, 3 November 2024

This article is about historical voivodeships in various countries. For more on the divisions of modern and historical Poland, see Voivodeships of Poland.

A voivodeship (/ˈvɔɪvoʊdʃɪp/ VOY-vohd-ship) or voivodate is the area administered by a voivode (governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times and the area of extent of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a duke. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval Eastern Europe included ban (bojan, vojin or bayan) and banate.

In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the provinces (województwa) of Poland. As of 2024, Poland has 16 voivodeships.

Terminology

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A voi(e)vod(e) (literally, "leader of warriors" or "war leader", equivalent to the Latin "Dux Exercituum") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later the word came to denote an administrative official.

Words for "voivodeship" in various languages include the Ukrainian: воєводство; the Polish: województwo; the Romanian: voievodat; the Bulgarian: voivoda (войвода); the Serbian: vojvodina (војводина), vojvodstvo (војводство) or vojvodovina (војводовина); the Hungarian: vajdaság; the Belarusian: ваяводства (vajаvodstva); the Lithuanian: vaivadija. Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English.

Named for the word for "voivodeship" is the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina.

Though the word "voivodeship" (other spellings are "voievodship" and "voivodship") appears in English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's, it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as "provinces".[1] Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as "duchies", "palatinates" (the Latin word "palatinatus" was used for a voivodeship in Poland), "administrative districts" or "regions".

Historical voivodeships

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in Southeastern Europe

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The voivodeships of Wallachia and Moldavia in the 14th century
Serbian Voivodina (1848–1849)
Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat (1849-1860)

In the territory of modern Romania and Moldova, the regions of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania were formerly voivodeships. The region of Maramureș, now split between Romania and Ukraine, also used to be its own voivodeship, the Voivodeship of Maramureș.

Historical voivodeships in the territory of modern Serbia include the Voivodeship of Salan (9th–10th centuries), Voivodeship of Sermon (11th century), and Voivodeship of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik (1527–1530). A voivodeship called Serbian Vojvodina was established in 1848–1849; this was transformed into the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, a land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1849 to 1860. This is the origin of the name of the present-day Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina.

In Poland and Lithuania

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For more information about the divisions of Polish lands in particular periods, see Administrative divisions of Poland ("Historical").

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

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Main article: Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Voivodeships in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795):

  • In the Polish Crown Lands:

Congress Poland (1816–37)

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Main article: Subdivisions of Congress Poland

Voivodeships in Congress Poland 1816–37.

Second Polish Republic

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Main article: Subdivisions of the Second Polish Republic
Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1938

Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939:

Poland 1945–75

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Voivodeships of Poland, 1945–1975:

Poland 1975–98

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Voivodeships of Poland, 1975–1998:

References

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  1. ^ "Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: województwo—province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: województwo—province..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk,"Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na język angielski" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine ("Translation of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. For examples see New Provinces of Poland (1998); Map of Poland Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine; English names of Polish provinces Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine.
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