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{{Short description|Murder of Asian American man}}
{{Short description|Beating death of a Chinese American man in New York}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Killing of Yao Pan Ma
| title = Killing of Yao Pan Ma
| location = [[East Harlem]], [[New York City]], U.S.
| location = [[East Harlem]], [[New York City]], U.S.
| date = '''Beating:'''<br>{{start date|2021|04|23}}<br>'''Ma's death:'''<br>{{start date|2021|12|31}}
| date = '''Attack:'''<br>{{start date and age|2021|04|23}}<br>'''Ma's Death:'''<br>{{start date|2021|12|31}}
| image =
| image = Yao Pan Ma.png
| caption = Undated photo of Ma
| type = [[Murder]] by [[assault|beating]], [[hate crime]]
| type = [[Murder]] by [[Blunt trauma|beating]], [[hate crime]]
| motive = [[Racism in the United States#Asian Americans|Anti-Chinese racism]]
| motive = [[Racism in the United States#Asian Americans|Anti-Asian racism]]
| victim = Yao Pan Ma, aged 61
| victim = Yao Pan Ma, aged 61
| perp = Jarrod Powell
| perp = Jarrod Powell
| verdict = Guilty (manslaughter as hate crime)
| verdict = [[Pleaded guilty]]
| convictions = [[Manslaughter (United States law)|Manslaughter]] as a [[Hate crime laws in the United States|hate crime]]{{efn|Dropped charges as part of plea deal:
| charges = *[[Murder (United States law)|Second-degree murder]]
*[[Murder (United States law)|Second-degree murder]] (Powell was previously charged with [[attempted murder]] before Ma's death)
*[[Felony assault]]
*[[Felony assault]]
*[[Hate crime laws in the United States|Hate crime]] enhancements
*[[Hate crime laws in the United States|Hate crime]] enhancements}}{{Infobox event
| title = <br>
| child = yes
| filmed by = Surveillance video
| sentence = 22 years in prison
}}
}}
}}{{Chinese
⚫
'''Yao Pan Ma''', a 61-year-old Chinese American, was attacked on April 23, 2021, and died on December 31 as a result of an attack by 49-year-old African American Jarrod Powell in [[East Harlem]], New York City, United States. The racist attack drew national attention as part of a rise in [[Stop Asian Hate|anti-Chinese hate crimes]] in America.<ref>{{Cite web|title=61-year-old Asian man head-stomped in brutal NYC attack dies 8 months later|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/61-year-old-asian-man-head-stomped-brutal-nyc-attack-dies-8-months-lat-rcna11473|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=NBC News|language=en|quote=The attack occurred in a wave of racially motivated attacks against Asian Americans nationwide.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=紐約黑人殺華裔漢 面臨控謀殺 - 20220111 - 國際|url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20220111/s00014/1641837940231/%e7%b4%90%e7%b4%84%e9%bb%91%e4%ba%ba%e6%ae%ba%e8%8f%af%e8%a3%94%e6%bc%a2-%e9%9d%a2%e8%87%a8%e6%8e%a7%e8%ac%80%e6%ae%ba|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Ming Pao|language=Chinese|quote=On April 23, 2021, Jarrod Powell, a 50-year-old African American mercilessly attacked Yao Pan Ma, a 61-year-old Chinese immigrant in New York, USA. The victim died of a cerebral hemorrhage on the 31st December 2021. Powell was charged with two hate crime assaults and one attempted murder.}}</ref>
| c = 马耀潘<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2022 |title=在纽约街头遭人反复踢打头部，华裔老人昏迷8个月后去世 |url=https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_16239083 |access-date= |website=The Paper}}</ref>
| p = Mǎ Yàopān
| title = Yao Pan Ma
| j = maa5 jiu6 pun1
}}
⚫
'''Yao Pan Ma''', a 61-year-old [[Chinese Americans|Chinese American]], was attacked on April 23, 2021, before he was declared dead 8 months later on December 31, as a result of an attack by 49-year-old [[African Americans|African American]] Jarrod Powell in [[East Harlem]], New York City, United States. The racist attack drew national attention as part of a rise in [[Stop Asian Hate|anti-Asian hate crimes]] in America.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acevedo |first=Nicole |date=9 January 2022 |title=61-year-old Asian man head-stomped in brutal NYC attack dies 8 months later |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/61-year-old-asian-man-head-stomped-brutal-nyc-attack-dies-8-months-lat-rcna11473 |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=NBC News |language=en |quote=The attack occurred in a wave of racially motivated attacks against Asian Americans nationwide.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=紐約黑人殺華裔漢 面臨控謀殺 - 20220111 - 國際|url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%9c%8b%e9%9a%9b/article/20220111/s00014/1641837940231/%e7%b4%90%e7%b4%84%e9%bb%91%e4%ba%ba%e6%ae%ba%e8%8f%af%e8%a3%94%e6%bc%a2-%e9%9d%a2%e8%87%a8%e6%8e%a7%e8%ac%80%e6%ae%ba|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Ming Pao|language=Chinese|quote=On April 23, 2021, Jarrod Powell, a 50-year-old African American mercilessly attacked Yao Pan Ma, a 61-year-old Chinese immigrant in New York, USA. The victim died of a cerebral hemorrhage on the 31st December 2021. Powell was charged with two hate crime assaults and one attempted murder.}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
Ma and his wife moved to the United States in October 2018 from Mainland China, where Ma had worked as a dim sum chef. Ma worked at a restaurant until it closed permanently due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. As he hadn't worked long enough to qualify for unemployment, Ma and his wife, who had also lost her job permanently, collected bottles and cans to make money to afford food.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haigh|first=Susan |title=Chinese immigrant attacked in NYC dies months later |url=https://apnews.com/article/crime-new-york-new-york-city-homicide-hate-crimes-f159287b034a312e060a613aa5644ba7 |url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Associated Press |date=8 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Ma and his wife Chen Baozhen (陈宝珍) moved to the United States in October 2018 from [[Taishan, Guangdong|Taishan]], [[Guangdong]], where Ma had worked as a [[dim sum]] chef.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Mary Louise |date=January 12, 2022 |title=The life of Yao Pan Ma, who died of an attack prosecutors say was racially motivated |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/12/1072548481/the-life-of-yao-pan-ma-who-died-of-an-attack-prosecutors-say-was-racially-motiva |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Kriegstein |first1=Brittany |last2=Guse |first2=Clayton |date=2021-04-25 |title='He is a kind person': Anguished wife of Asian man in coma after beating on East Harlem street now fears for her own safety |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2021/04/25/he-is-a-kind-person-anguished-wife-of-asian-man-in-coma-after-beating-on-east-harlem-street-now-fears-for-her-own-safety/ |access-date= |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ma worked at a restaurant in New York City until it closed permanently due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. As he had not worked long enough to qualify for [[Unemployment benefits in the United States|unemployment benefits]], Ma and his wife, who had also lost her job as a home health aide permanently, [[Canner (recycling)|collected bottles and cans to make money]] to afford food.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haigh|first=Susan |title=Chinese immigrant attacked in NYC dies months later |url=https://apnews.com/article/crime-new-york-new-york-city-homicide-hate-crimes-f159287b034a312e060a613aa5644ba7 |access-date=2022-01-16|website=Associated Press |date=8 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinstein |first=Julia |date=2022-01-08 |title=A Chinese Immigrant Who Was Brutally Attacked Has Died Of His Injuries Months Later |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/juliareinstein/chinese-immigrant-dies-nyc-attack-injuries |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en}}</ref> With the couple's adult children and grandchildren still in China, they otherwise only received financial support from Chen's retired parents, who were both in their 90s and received a monthly total of $1000 in [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Venessa |date=2021-12-21 |title=Falling Through The Cracks Of The Chinese American Dream |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/venessawong/chinatown-new-york-city-working-class-safety-net |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en}}</ref>


Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there has been an [[Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic|uptick in racist incidents and bullying]] against Asian Americans. A few months prior to the attack against Ma, 84-year-old Thai-American [[Killing of Vicha Ratanapakdee|Vicha Ratanapakdee died]] after being attacked in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Vanessa |title=Falling through the cracks of the Chinese American dream |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/venessawong/chinatown-new-york-city-working-class-safety-net |url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Buzzfeed News |language=en |quote=A year later, Vicha Ratanapakdee, an 84-year-old from Thailand, died after being pushed.}}</ref>
Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there has been an [[Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic|uptick in racist incidents and bullying]] against Asian Americans. A few months prior to the attack against Ma, 84-year-old Thai-American [[Killing of Vicha Ratanapakdee|Vicha Ratanapakdee died]] after being attacked in [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wong|first=Vanessa |title=Falling through the cracks of the Chinese American dream |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/venessawong/chinatown-new-york-city-working-class-safety-net |access-date=2022-01-16|website=Buzzfeed News |date=21 December 2021 |language=en |quote=A year later, Vicha Ratanapakdee, an 84-year-old from Thailand, died after being pushed.}}</ref>


== Killing ==
== Killing ==
On April 23, 2021, Yao Pan Ma was collecting cans along [[Third Avenue]] and East [[125th Street (Manhattan)|125th Street]] in [[East Harlem]]. Attacker Jarrod Powell attacked Ma from behind and shoved him to the ground. After kicking Ma's head repeatedly, he fled the scene. A nearby surveillance camera showed the attacker stomping on Ma's head.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-09|title=Chinese-American man dies after brutal attack in New York|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/3162684/chinese-american-man-brutally-attacked-nyc-dies|access-date=2022-01-16|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>
On April 23, 2021, Ma was collecting cans along [[Third Avenue]] and East [[125th Street (Manhattan)|125th Street]] in [[East Harlem]]. Powell attacked Ma from behind and shoved him to the ground. After kicking Ma's head repeatedly, he fled the scene. A nearby surveillance camera showed the attacker stomping on Ma's head.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-09|title=Chinese-American man dies after brutal attack in New York|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/3162684/chinese-american-man-brutally-attacked-nyc-dies|access-date=2022-01-16|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref>


Ma was moved in and out of multiple facilities during his time in the hospital and eventually died of cerebral hemorrhage in a long-term care center run by [[The New Jewish Home]] on December 31, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later|url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-city-chinese-man-brutally-attacked-in-anti-asian-hate-crime-dies-in-hospital-eight-months-later-12512100|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Sky News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Chinese Immigrant Attacked in NYC Dies Months Later|url=https://time.com/6137944/chinese-immigrant-attacked-in-nyc-dies-months-later/|access-date=2022-01-16|magazine=Time|language=en}}</ref>
Ma was moved in and out of multiple facilities during his time in the hospital and eventually died of cerebral hemorrhage in a long-term care center run by [[The New Jewish Home]] on December 31, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baynes |first=Megan |date=9 January 2022 |title=New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-city-chinese-man-brutally-attacked-in-anti-asian-hate-crime-dies-in-hospital-eight-months-later-12512100 |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Haigh |first=Susan |date=2022-01-09 |title=Chinese immigrant attacked in NYC dies months later |url=https://apnews.com/article/crime-new-york-new-york-city-homicide-hate-crimes-f159287b034a312e060a613aa5644ba7 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>


== Perpetrator and legal proceedings ==
== Perpetrator and legal proceedings ==
Jarrod Powell, a 49-year-old African American man from [[New York City]] was arrested. He was charged with attempted murder, bullying, felony assault and hate crime charges.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gold|first=Michael|date=2021-04-26|title=Suspect Charged With Hate Crime After Brutal Attack on Asian Man in Harlem|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/26/nyregion/yao-pan-ma-attacked-harlem.html|access-date=2022-01-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> After Ma's death, his family called on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later|url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-city-chinese-man-brutally-attacked-in-anti-asian-hate-crime-dies-in-hospital-eight-months-later-12512100|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Sky News|language=en|quote=A family representative is now calling on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.}}</ref> Charges were later upgraded to second degree murder as a hate crime.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haigh|first=Susan|title=Hate Crime Murder Charges in Brutal Death of Asian Man Head Stomped in NYC|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/hate-crime-murder-charges-in-brutal-death-of-asian-man-head-stomped-in-nyc/3546523/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-02-10|website=NBC New York|language=en}}</ref>
Jarrod Powell, a 49-year-old African American man from [[New York City]] was arrested. He was charged with attempted murder, bullying, felony assault and hate crime charges.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gold|first=Michael|date=2021-04-26|title=Suspect Charged With Hate Crime After Brutal Attack on Asian Man in Harlem|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/26/nyregion/yao-pan-ma-attacked-harlem.html|access-date=2022-01-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After Ma's death, his family called on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later|url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-city-chinese-man-brutally-attacked-in-anti-asian-hate-crime-dies-in-hospital-eight-months-later-12512100|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Sky News|language=en|quote=A family representative is now calling on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.}}</ref> Charges were later upgraded to second degree murder as a hate crime.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haigh|first=Susan|title=Hate Crime Murder Charges in Brutal Death of Asian Man Head Stomped in NYC|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/hate-crime-murder-charges-in-brutal-death-of-asian-man-head-stomped-in-nyc/3546523/|access-date=2022-02-10|website=NBC New York|date=10 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>


On January 12, 2023, Powell pleaded guilty to manslaughter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Da Silva |first1=Chantal |author-link=Chantal Da Silva |date=January 13, 2023 |title=New York man pleads guilty to hate crime charges in head-stomping death of Chinese immigrant |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/rcna65653 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=NBC News}}</ref>
On January 12, 2023, Powell pleaded guilty to manslaughter.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Da Silva |first1=Chantal |author-link=Chantal Da Silva |date=January 13, 2023 |title=New York man pleads guilty to hate crime charges in head-stomping death of Chinese immigrant |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/rcna65653 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=NBC News}}</ref> He was sentenced to 22 years in prison.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meko |first1=Hurubie |author-link=Hurubie Meko |date=March 31, 2023 |title=22-Year Sentence for Man Guilty in Hate-Crime Killing of Asian Immigrant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/31/nyregion/asian-hate-crime-killing-man-sentenced.html |access-date=June 7, 2023 |website=NBC News}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Death of Michelle Go]]—Asian-American woman pushed in front an oncoming train in Manhattan in 2022
* [[Death of Michelle Go]], Asian-American woman pushed in front of an oncoming train in Manhattan in 2022
* [[Interminority racism in the United States]]
* [[Interminority racism in the United States]]


== References ==
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}


== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Anti-Chinese sentiment}}
{{Anti-Chinese sentiment}}
{{Stop Asian Hate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ma, Yao Pan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ma, Yao Pan}}
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[[Category:2020s crimes in New York City]]
[[Category:2021 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:2021 controversies in the United States]]
[[Category:2021 in New York City]]
[[Category:2021 in New York City]]
[[Category:African-American–Asian-American relations]]
[[Category:April 2021 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:April 2021 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in the United States]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in the United States]]
[[Category:Asian-American issues]]
[[Category:Asian-American issues]]
[[Category:Asian-American-related controversies]]
[[Category:Asian-American-related controversies]]
[[Category:African-American–Asian-American relations]]
[[Category:Chinese people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against Asian-Americans]]
[[Category:People from Taishan, Guangdong]]
[[Category:Crimes in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Crimes in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Deaths by beating in the United States]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in New York City]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in New York City]]
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[[Category:Hate crimes]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against men]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against men]]
[[Category:Racially motivated violence against Asian Americans]]
[[Category:Anti-Chinese violence in the United States]]
[[Category:Anti-Chinese violence in the United States]]
[[Category:2020s crimes in New York City]]
[[Category:Violence against men in the United States]]
{{crime-stub}}
{{crime-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:49, 3 November 2024

Killing of Yao Pan Ma
Undated photo of Ma
LocationEast Harlem, New York City, U.S.
DateAttack:
April 23, 2021; 3 years ago (2021-04-23)
Ma's Death:
December 31, 2021 (2021-12-31)
Attack type
Murder by beating, hate crime
VictimYao Pan Ma, aged 61
PerpetratorJarrod Powell
MotiveAnti-Asian racism
VerdictPleaded guilty
ConvictionsManslaughter as a hate crime[a]
Filmed bySurveillance video
Sentence22 years in prison
Yao Pan Ma
Chinese马耀潘[1]
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinMǎ Yàopān
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingmaa5 jiu6 pun1

Yao Pan Ma, a 61-year-old Chinese American, was attacked on April 23, 2021, before he was declared dead 8 months later on December 31, as a result of an attack by 49-year-old African American Jarrod Powell in East Harlem, New York City, United States. The racist attack drew national attention as part of a rise in anti-Asian hate crimes in America.[2][3]

Background

[edit]

Ma and his wife Chen Baozhen (陈宝珍) moved to the United States in October 2018 from Taishan, Guangdong, where Ma had worked as a dim sum chef.[4][5] Ma worked at a restaurant in New York City until it closed permanently due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As he had not worked long enough to qualify for unemployment benefits, Ma and his wife, who had also lost her job as a home health aide permanently, collected bottles and cans to make money to afford food.[6][7] With the couple's adult children and grandchildren still in China, they otherwise only received financial support from Chen's retired parents, who were both in their 90s and received a monthly total of $1000 in Social Security.[8]

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there has been an uptick in racist incidents and bullying against Asian Americans. A few months prior to the attack against Ma, 84-year-old Thai-American Vicha Ratanapakdee died after being attacked in San Francisco.[9]

Killing

[edit]

On April 23, 2021, Ma was collecting cans along Third Avenue and East 125th Street in East Harlem. Powell attacked Ma from behind and shoved him to the ground. After kicking Ma's head repeatedly, he fled the scene. A nearby surveillance camera showed the attacker stomping on Ma's head.[10]

Ma was moved in and out of multiple facilities during his time in the hospital and eventually died of cerebral hemorrhage in a long-term care center run by The New Jewish Home on December 31, 2021.[11][12]

[edit]

Jarrod Powell, a 49-year-old African American man from New York City was arrested. He was charged with attempted murder, bullying, felony assault and hate crime charges.[3][13] After Ma's death, his family called on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.[14] Charges were later upgraded to second degree murder as a hate crime.[15]

On January 12, 2023, Powell pleaded guilty to manslaughter.[16] He was sentenced to 22 years in prison.[17]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Dropped charges as part of plea deal:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "在纽约街头遭人反复踢打头部，华裔老人昏迷8个月后去世". The Paper. January 11, 2022.
  2. ^ Acevedo, Nicole (9 January 2022). "61-year-old Asian man head-stomped in brutal NYC attack dies 8 months later". NBC News. Retrieved 2022-01-16. The attack occurred in a wave of racially motivated attacks against Asian Americans nationwide.
  3. ^ a b "紐約黑人殺華裔漢 面臨控謀殺 - 20220111 - 國際". Ming Pao (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-01-16. On April 23, 2021, Jarrod Powell, a 50-year-old African American mercilessly attacked Yao Pan Ma, a 61-year-old Chinese immigrant in New York, USA. The victim died of a cerebral hemorrhage on the 31st December 2021. Powell was charged with two hate crime assaults and one attempted murder.
  4. ^ Kelly, Mary Louise (January 12, 2022). "The life of Yao Pan Ma, who died of an attack prosecutors say was racially motivated". NPR.
  5. ^ Kriegstein, Brittany; Guse, Clayton (2021-04-25). "'He is a kind person': Anguished wife of Asian man in coma after beating on East Harlem street now fears for her own safety". New York Daily News.
  6. ^ Haigh, Susan (8 January 2022). "Chinese immigrant attacked in NYC dies months later". Associated Press. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  7. ^ Reinstein, Julia (2022-01-08). "A Chinese Immigrant Who Was Brutally Attacked Has Died Of His Injuries Months Later". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
  8. ^ Wong, Venessa (2021-12-21). "Falling Through The Cracks Of The Chinese American Dream". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
  9. ^ Wong, Vanessa (21 December 2021). "Falling through the cracks of the Chinese American dream". Buzzfeed News. Retrieved 2022-01-16. A year later, Vicha Ratanapakdee, an 84-year-old from Thailand, died after being pushed.
  10. ^ "Chinese-American man dies after brutal attack in New York". South China Morning Post. 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  11. ^ Baynes, Megan (9 January 2022). "New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later". Sky News. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  12. ^ Haigh, Susan (2022-01-09). "Chinese immigrant attacked in NYC dies months later". AP News. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  13. ^ Gold, Michael (2021-04-26). "Suspect Charged With Hate Crime After Brutal Attack on Asian Man in Harlem". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  14. ^ "New York City: Chinese man brutally attacked in anti-Asian hate crime dies in hospital eight months later". Sky News. Retrieved 2022-01-16. A family representative is now calling on the district attorney to upgrade the charges to murder.
  15. ^ Haigh, Susan (10 February 2022). "Hate Crime Murder Charges in Brutal Death of Asian Man Head Stomped in NYC". NBC New York. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  16. ^ Da Silva, Chantal (January 13, 2023). "New York man pleads guilty to hate crime charges in head-stomping death of Chinese immigrant". NBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  17. ^ Meko, Hurubie (March 31, 2023). "22-Year Sentence for Man Guilty in Hate-Crime Killing of Asian Immigrant". NBC News. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
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