Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque: Difference between revisions
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'''Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque '''({{ |
'''Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque '''({{Langx|fa|مسجد فخرالدوله}}) or '''Fakhr mosque''', originally named '''Amin-ol-dowleh mosque''' ({{Langx|fa|مسجد امین‌الدوله}}), is a historic [[mosque]] on Fakhrabad Street in the Shemiran Gate neighborhood of [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=City and citizenship|title=hamshahrionline|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/254043/City/identity}}</ref> It was designed and built by [[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]] in 1949. [[Fakhr-ol-dowleh]], the daughter of [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar|Naser al-Din Shah]], was the founder of the mosque and named it after her father-in-law, Amin-ol-dowleh. However, the mosque is now called Fakhr or Fakhr-ol-dowleh after its founder. |
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Some minor and major changes were made to the building over years, and some parts of it have been damaged due to the construction in the |
Some minor and major changes were made to the building over the years, and some parts of it have been damaged due to the construction in the front of the building, and the passing of subway trains heading to and coming from the [[Darvazeh Shemiran Metro Station]]. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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In 1945, |
In 1945, Fakhr-ol-dowleh, who was married to Amin-ol-dowleh junior, son of Mirza Ali Khan Amin-ol-dowleh, decided to build a mosque named after Mirza Ali Khan in front of her house. However, the name of the mosque, and the neighborhood it's located in, changed to Fakhr-ol-dowleh over time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Shabazi|first=Dariush|title=مسجد امین‌الدوله (فخرالدوله)|trans-title=Amin al-Dawla mosque (Fakhr al-Dawla)|url=https://www.darioush-shahbazi.com/articles/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87|access-date=2021-08-27|website=www.darioush-shahbazi.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref> She appointed architect [[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]], one of the most notable architects in Iran at the time, designed and built the mosque.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=May 31, 2018|title=مسجد فخرالدوله یادگاری از زن کاردان قاجار|trans-title=Fakhr al-Dawla mosque, a relic of a deft Qajar woman|url=http://newspaper.hamshahrionline.ir/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Hamshahri Online|language=fa}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Tehran Mosque Fakhr in the national index recorded|url=http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|title=chn|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111239/http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of the building took four years to complete.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jafari|first=Mojgan|date=10 March 2019|title=یادگار یک بانوی نیکوکار فخر دروازه شمیران|trans-title=Memorial of a charitable lady, pride of the Shemiran Gate|url=https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/news/213665/یادگار-یک-بانوی-نیکوکار-فخر-دروازه-شمیران|access-date=2021-08-27|website=The Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia (Centre for Iranian and Islamic Studies)|language=fa}}</ref> |
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On 29 December 2004, the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque was registered on the [[Iran National Heritage List]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2004-12-29|title=مسجد فخر تهران در فهرست آثار ملی ثبت شد|trans-title=Fakhr mosque of Tehran has been registered in the National Heritage List|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/9783834/مسجد-فخر-تهران-در-فهرست-آثار-ملی-ثبت-شد|access-date=2021-08-27|website=IRNA, The Islamic Republic News Agency|language=fa}}</ref> |
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== Characteristics == |
== Characteristics == |
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The [[ |
The [[façade]] of the building consists of bricks and [[marquetry]] mosaics and the half-octagonal-shaped entrance has four small [[minaret]]s on each corner.<ref name=":0" /> The main structure consists of a cube-shaped main building with two [[shabestan]]s inside.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=September 1, 2014|title=آسیب مترو به گنبد مسجد فخرالدوله|trans-title=Damages from subway to the dome of the Fakhr al-Dawla mosque|url=http://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/712175|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Jam-e-Jam Online|language=fa}}</ref> The [[dome]] of the building originally wasn't very high; the current taller dome was built in subsequent years.<ref name=":0" /> Some parts of the current structure, such as the taller dome, added [[āina-kāri]]s inside the mosque, and the women's section in the front yard, were added to the building later.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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== Damage to the building == |
== Damage to the building == |
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In January 2011, a historic building named the Building of Flags, |
In January 2011, a historic building near the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque named the Building of Flags, considered the first [[apartment hotel]] in Iran, was due to be registered on the [[Iran National Heritage List|National Heritage List]]. This building was demolished before the registration in order to build a new commercial complex. Part of the construction site for the high-rise complex impinged on the front of the historic mosque, even though construction of structures higher than {{Convert|7|m|ft}} adjacent to registered historic and heritage buildings is forbidden by regulations for the protection of the cultural heritage in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-10|title=تخریب کامل ساختمان تاریخی پرچم دروازه شمیران تا پایان هفته|trans-title=Complete demolition of the historic Building of Flags in Shemiran Gate by the end of the week|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/1228140/تخریب-کامل-ساختمان-تاریخی-پرچم-دروازه-شمیران-تا-پایان-هفته|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Mehr News Agency|language=fa}}</ref> |
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Also, subway trains pass under the mosque every two minutes. The tremors caused by passing trains have cracked the dome of the mosque, and some mosaics on the facade have fallen off the walls.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2016|title=مسجدی هم سطح با عالی قاپوی اصفهان/نفس موقوفه "فخرالدوله" به شماره افتاد|trans-title=mosque on the same level as Isfahan's Ālī Qāpū/The breath of the "Fakhr al-Dawla" endowment is numbered|url=http://www.shabestan.ir/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Shabestan News Agency|language=fa|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914082805/http://shabestan.ir/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:Mosques in Tehran]] |
[[Category:Mosques in Tehran]] |
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[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes]] |
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes]] |
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[[Category:National works of Iran]] |
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[[Category:Pahlavi Iran]] |
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[[Category:1949 establishments in Iran]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:06, 3 November 2024
| Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque | |
|---|---|
مسجد فخرالدوله | |
 Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque, with its half-octagonal entrance | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Shia Islam |
| Province | Tehran |
| Location | |
| Location | Darvazeh Shemiran, Tehran |
| Country | Iran |
  Shown within Tehran | |
| Geographic coordinates | 35°41′53.5″N 51°26′14″E / 35.698194°N 51.43722°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Nikolai Markov |
| Type | Mosque |
| Founder | Fakhr-ol-dowleh |
| Date established | 1945 |
| Completed | 1949 |
Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque (Persian: مسجد فخرالدوله) or Fakhr mosque, originally named Amin-ol-dowleh mosque (Persian: مسجد امین‌الدوله), is a historic mosque on Fakhrabad Street in the Shemiran Gate neighborhood of Tehran.[1] It was designed and built by Nikolai Markov in 1949. Fakhr-ol-dowleh, the daughter of Naser al-Din Shah, was the founder of the mosque and named it after her father-in-law, Amin-ol-dowleh. However, the mosque is now called Fakhr or Fakhr-ol-dowleh after its founder.
Some minor and major changes were made to the building over the years, and some parts of it have been damaged due to the construction in the front of the building, and the passing of subway trains heading to and coming from the Darvazeh Shemiran Metro Station.
History
[edit]In 1945, Fakhr-ol-dowleh, who was married to Amin-ol-dowleh junior, son of Mirza Ali Khan Amin-ol-dowleh, decided to build a mosque named after Mirza Ali Khan in front of her house. However, the name of the mosque, and the neighborhood it's located in, changed to Fakhr-ol-dowleh over time.[2] She appointed architect Nikolai Markov, one of the most notable architects in Iran at the time, designed and built the mosque.[3][4] Construction of the building took four years to complete.[5]
On 29 December 2004, the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque was registered on the Iran National Heritage List.[4][6]
Characteristics
[edit]The façade of the building consists of bricks and marquetry mosaics and the half-octagonal-shaped entrance has four small minarets on each corner.[2] The main structure consists of a cube-shaped main building with two shabestans inside.[7] The dome of the building originally wasn't very high; the current taller dome was built in subsequent years.[2] Some parts of the current structure, such as the taller dome, added āina-kāris inside the mosque, and the women's section in the front yard, were added to the building later.[2][3]
Damage to the building
[edit]In January 2011, a historic building near the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque named the Building of Flags, considered the first apartment hotel in Iran, was due to be registered on the National Heritage List. This building was demolished before the registration in order to build a new commercial complex. Part of the construction site for the high-rise complex impinged on the front of the historic mosque, even though construction of structures higher than 7 metres (23 ft) adjacent to registered historic and heritage buildings is forbidden by regulations for the protection of the cultural heritage in Iran.[8]
Also, subway trains pass under the mosque every two minutes. The tremors caused by passing trains have cracked the dome of the mosque, and some mosaics on the facade have fallen off the walls.[7][9]
References
[edit]- ^ City and citizenship. hamshahrionline.
- ^ a b c d Shabazi, Dariush. "مسجد امین‌الدوله (فخرالدوله)" [Amin al-Dawla mosque (Fakhr al-Dawla)]. www.darioush-shahbazi.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ a b "مسجد فخرالدوله یادگاری از زن کاردان قاجار" [Fakhr al-Dawla mosque, a relic of a deft Qajar woman]. Hamshahri Online (in Persian). May 31, 2018. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ a b Tehran Mosque Fakhr in the national index recorded. chn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
- ^ Jafari, Mojgan (10 March 2019). "یادگار یک بانوی نیکوکار فخر دروازه شمیران" [Memorial of a charitable lady, pride of the Shemiran Gate]. The Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia (Centre for Iranian and Islamic Studies) (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ "مسجد فخر تهران در فهرست آثار ملی ثبت شد" [Fakhr mosque of Tehran has been registered in the National Heritage List]. IRNA, The Islamic Republic News Agency (in Persian). 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ a b "آسیب مترو به گنبد مسجد فخرالدوله" [Damages from subway to the dome of the Fakhr al-Dawla mosque]. Jam-e-Jam Online (in Persian). September 1, 2014. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ "تخریب کامل ساختمان تاریخی پرچم دروازه شمیران تا پایان هفته" [Complete demolition of the historic Building of Flags in Shemiran Gate by the end of the week]. Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2011-01-10. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ "مسجدی هم سطح با عالی قاپوی اصفهان/نفس موقوفه "فخرالدوله" به شماره افتاد" [mosque on the same level as Isfahan's Ālī Qāpū/The breath of the "Fakhr al-Dawla" endowment is numbered]. Shabestan News Agency (in Persian). February 1, 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
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