Unbought Tenants' Association: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Agrarian pressure groups in Ireland}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Unbought Tenants' Association''' and '''Unpurchased Tenants' Association''' were labels for [[agrarianism|agrarian]] pressure groups in Ireland in the 1910s and 1920s. Under the [[Irish Land Acts]], most farmers in the preceding decades had bought the [[Freehold (law)|freehold]] to their farms; the Association represented the interests of remaining [[tenant farmer]]s.<ref name="Farr">{{cite journal|last=Farr|first=Berkley|date=Winter 2001–2002|title=Liberalism in Unionist Northern Ireland|journal=Journal of Liberal Democrat History|issue=33|page=29|url=http://liberalhistory.org.uk/uploads/33-Winter%25202001-02.pdf#page=29 |format=PDF}}</ref> |
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In the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in 1913, [[William O'Brien]] mentioned "a map prepared by the Unpurchased Tenants' Association of [[East Down (UK Parliament constituency)|East Down]], showing how the districts purchased at greatly reduced annuities are surrounded on all sides by [[townland]]s still unpurchased, where the farmers suffer from high rents and uncertainty as to the future".<ref>{{cite web |title=Land Purchase (Ireland) |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1913-01-23/debates/f43f6c95-0cbb-426f-bea5-06103b22afe6/LandPurchase(Ireland) |website=Hansard |access-date=11 August 2018 |language=en |date=23 January 1913}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the [[Northern Ireland general election |
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In 1920,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dinneen |first1=John |quote=Deputies of the House can remember that when the big slump came in prices of cattle and all other agricultural produce in 1920 there was an Unpurchased Tenants' Association formed, the members of which were paying much higher rents than their neighbours who had the benefit of purchase for years. |title=PRIVATE BUSINESS. - LAND BILL, 1927.—REPORT. |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1927-04-06/13/#para_311 |website=Dáil Éireann debate |access-date=11 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=6 April 1927}}</ref> the Irish Farmers' Union (IFU) founded an All-Ireland Unpurchased Tenants' Association to agitate for purchase and organise [[rent strike]]s.<ref name="oconnnor1980"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dooley |first1=Terence A. M. |title='The Land for the People': The Land Question in Independent Ireland |date=2004 |publisher=University College Dublin Press |isbn=9781904558156 |pages=39–56 |language=en}}</ref> This created tension in the [[Irish Free State]] among the large landowners in the IFU, between unionists anxious to sell up and emigrate to Great Britain and those who wished to remain on their Irish estates.<ref name="oconnnor1980">{{cite journal |last1=O'Connor |first1=Emmet |title=Agrarian Unrest and the Labour Movement in County Waterford 1917-1923 |journal=Saothar |date=1980 |volume=6 |pages=40–58 : 47 |jstor=23193892 }}</ref> The Unpurchased Tenants' Association's opposition to the Free State's [[Land Act 1923]] was more extreme than that of the [[Farmers' Party (Ireland)|Farmers' Party]];<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Sheehan |first1=Joseph Thomas |title=Land Purchase Policy in Ireland, 1917–23: From the Irish convention to the 1923 land act |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5381/1/Joseph_Thomas_Sheehan_20140905084626.pdf#page=123 |format=PDF |publisher=NUI Maynooth |type=MA |access-date=11 August 2018 |page=115 |date=August 1993}}</ref> James Hoban ran unsuccessfully in [[Galway (Dáil constituency)|Galway]] in the [[1923 Irish general election|1923 general election]] under the "Unpurchased Tenants' Association" label, against Farmers' Party candidates.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coakley |first1=John |title=Minor Parties in Irish Political Life, 1922-1989 |journal=The Economic and Social Review |date=April 1990 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=269–297 : 281 |hdl=2262/64307 |url=http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/64307 |access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref> [[Michael Heffernan (politician)|Michael Heffernan]] was a member of the Unpurchased Tenants' Association when elected for the Farmers' Party in the same election.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heffernan |first1=Michael Richard |title=Private Business. - Land Bill, 1930—Second Stage (Resumed). |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1931-02-19/16/#para_164 |website=Dáil Éireann debate |access-date=11 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=19 February 1931}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In the [[1925 Northern Ireland general election|1925 Northern Ireland election]], [[George Henderson (Northern Ireland politician)|George Henderson]] was elected under the Unbought Tenants label for [[Antrim (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)|Antrim]], which Graham Walker attributes to a "strain of agrarian [[Presbyterianism in Ireland|Presbyterian]] radicalism" antagonistic to the [[Ulster Unionist Party]].<ref name="Walker2004">{{cite book|last=Walker|first=Graham|title=A history of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, pragmatism and pessimism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyMeZ_oyEhYC&pg=PA69|access-date=11 January 2011|year=2004|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-6109-7|page=69}}</ref> Robert Nathaniel Boyd, previously president of the Unbought Tenants, became first president of the [[Ulster Liberal Party]].<ref name="Farr"/> Henderson stood unsuccessfully for the Ulster Liberal Party in the [[1929 Northern Ireland general election|1929 Stormont election]].<ref name="Boothroyd">{{cite web|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/biographies.html|title=Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons|last=Boothroyd|first=David|work=United Kingdom Election Results|access-date=11 January 2011}}</ref> Ulster Unionist [[John Maginnis]], opposing the use of the [[single transferable vote]] for the [[1973 Northern Ireland local elections|1973 local elections]], stated that in the 1920s '[i]t was discovered that under this system the "Don't knows" usually vote for some obscure person. One party which secured a seat in Parliament was the Unbought Tenants.'<ref>{{cite hansard|house=HC|date=31 July 1972|volume=842|column=122|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1972/jul/31/northern-ireland-electoral-law#S5CV0842P0_19720731_HOC_338|title=Northern Ireland (Electoral Law)}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland}} |
{{Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland}} |
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[[Category:Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland]] |
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:20, 3 November 2024
Unbought Tenants' Association and Unpurchased Tenants' Association were labels for agrarian pressure groups in Ireland in the 1910s and 1920s. Under the Irish Land Acts, most farmers in the preceding decades had bought the freehold to their farms; the Association represented the interests of remaining tenant farmers.[1]
In the House of Commons in 1913, William O'Brien mentioned "a map prepared by the Unpurchased Tenants' Association of East Down, showing how the districts purchased at greatly reduced annuities are surrounded on all sides by townlands still unpurchased, where the farmers suffer from high rents and uncertainty as to the future".[2]
In 1920,[3] the Irish Farmers' Union (IFU) founded an All-Ireland Unpurchased Tenants' Association to agitate for purchase and organise rent strikes.[4][5] This created tension in the Irish Free State among the large landowners in the IFU, between unionists anxious to sell up and emigrate to Great Britain and those who wished to remain on their Irish estates.[4] The Unpurchased Tenants' Association's opposition to the Free State's Land Act 1923 was more extreme than that of the Farmers' Party;[6] James Hoban ran unsuccessfully in Galway in the 1923 general election under the "Unpurchased Tenants' Association" label, against Farmers' Party candidates.[7] Michael Heffernan was a member of the Unpurchased Tenants' Association when elected for the Farmers' Party in the same election.[8]
In the 1925 Northern Ireland election, George Henderson was elected under the Unbought Tenants label for Antrim, which Graham Walker attributes to a "strain of agrarian Presbyterian radicalism" antagonistic to the Ulster Unionist Party.[9] Robert Nathaniel Boyd, previously president of the Unbought Tenants, became first president of the Ulster Liberal Party.[1] Henderson stood unsuccessfully for the Ulster Liberal Party in the 1929 Stormont election.[10] Ulster Unionist John Maginnis, opposing the use of the single transferable vote for the 1973 local elections, stated that in the 1920s '[i]t was discovered that under this system the "Don't knows" usually vote for some obscure person. One party which secured a seat in Parliament was the Unbought Tenants.'[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Farr, Berkley (Winter 2001–2002). "Liberalism in Unionist Northern Ireland" (PDF). Journal of Liberal Democrat History (33): 29.
- ^ "Land Purchase (Ireland)". Hansard. 23 January 1913. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ Dinneen, John (6 April 1927). "PRIVATE BUSINESS. - LAND BILL, 1927.—REPORT". Dáil Éireann debate. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
Deputies of the House can remember that when the big slump came in prices of cattle and all other agricultural produce in 1920 there was an Unpurchased Tenants' Association formed, the members of which were paying much higher rents than their neighbours who had the benefit of purchase for years.
- ^ a b O'Connor, Emmet (1980). "Agrarian Unrest and the Labour Movement in County Waterford 1917-1923". Saothar. 6: 40–58 : 47. JSTOR 23193892.
- ^ Dooley, Terence A. M. (2004). 'The Land for the People': The Land Question in Independent Ireland. University College Dublin Press. pp. 39–56. ISBN 9781904558156.
- ^ Sheehan, Joseph Thomas (August 1993). Land Purchase Policy in Ireland, 1917–23: From the Irish convention to the 1923 land act (PDF) (MA). NUI Maynooth. p. 115. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ Coakley, John (April 1990). "Minor Parties in Irish Political Life, 1922-1989". The Economic and Social Review. 21 (3): 269–297 : 281. hdl:2262/64307. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
- ^ Heffernan, Michael Richard (19 February 1931). "Private Business. - Land Bill, 1930—Second Stage (Resumed)". Dáil Éireann debate. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ Walker, Graham (2004). A history of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, pragmatism and pessimism. Manchester University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7190-6109-7. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ Boothroyd, David. "Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
- ^ "Northern Ireland (Electoral Law)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 842. HC. 31 July 1972. col. 122.
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