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Coordinates: 48°5′13″N 9°13′0″E / 48.08694°N 9.21667°E / 48.08694; 9.21667
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===Climate===
===Climate===
Sigmaringen's climate is classified as [[Humid continental climate|humid continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb''; [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Dclo'').
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Sigmaringen (1991-2020)
|location = Sigmaringen (1991-2020)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
| precipitation colour = green
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan mean C =-0.7
| Jan mean C =-0.7
Line 89: Line 91:


===Modern times===
===Modern times===
[[File:Sigmaringen schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Sigmaringen, ca. 1900]]
[[File:Sigmaringen schloss.jpg|thumb|left|Sigmaringen, {{Circa|1900}}]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-Sigmaringen-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-005924.tif|thumb|left|Sigmaringen (1929)]]
[[File:ETH-BIB-Sigmaringen-Inlandflüge-LBS MH01-005924.tif|thumb|left|Sigmaringen, 1929]]
In 1632, the [[Swedes]] occupied the castle during the [[Thirty Years' War]].
In 1632, the [[Swedes]] occupied the castle during the [[Thirty Years' War]].


Latest revision as of 19:47, 3 November 2024

Sigmaringen
Town
Coat of arms of Sigmaringen
Coat of arms
Location of Sigmaringen within Sigmaringen district
Alb-Donau-KreisBodenseekreisBiberach (district)Konstanz (district)Ravensburg (district)Reutlingen (district)Tuttlingen (district)ZollernalbkreisBad SaulgauBeuronBingenGammertingenHerbertingenHerdwangen-SchönachHettingenHohentengenIllmenseeInzigkofenKrauchenwiesLeibertingenMengenMengenMeßkirchNeufraOstrachPfullendorfSauldorfScheerSchwenningenSigmaringenSigmaringendorfSigmaringendorfStetten am kalten MarktVeringenstadtWald
Sigmaringen is located in Germany
Sigmaringen
Sigmaringen
Sigmaringen is located in Baden-Württemberg
Sigmaringen
Sigmaringen
Coordinates: 48°5′13″N 9°13′0″E / 48.08694°N 9.21667°E / 48.08694; 9.21667
CountryGermany
StateBaden-Württemberg
Admin. regionTübingen
DistrictSigmaringen
Subdivisions6
Government
 • Mayor (2018–26) Marcus Ehm[1] (CDU)
Area
 • Total
92.85 km2 (35.85 sq mi)
Elevation
580 m (1,900 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total
18,375
 • Density200/km2 (510/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
72488
Dialling codes07571, 07570 (Gutenstein), 07577 (Jungnau)
Vehicle registrationSIG
Websitewww.sigmaringen.de

Sigmaringen (Swabian: Semmerenga) is a town in southern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Situated on the upper Danube, it is the capital of the Sigmaringen district.

Sigmaringen is renowned for its castle, Schloss Sigmaringen, which was the seat of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1850 and is still owned by the Hohenzollern family.

Geography

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Surrounded by wooded hills Sigmaringen lies in the Danube valley, south of the Swabian Alps and around 40 km north of Lake Constance.

The surrounding towns are Winterlingen (in the district of Zollernalb) and Veringenstadt in the north, Bingen, Sigmaringendorf, and Scheer in the east, Mengen, Krauchenwies, Inzigkofen, and Meßkirch in the south, and Leibertingen, Beuron, and Stetten am kalten Markt in the west. The town is made up of the following districts: Sigmaringen town center, Gutenstein, Jungnau, Laiz, Oberschmeien, and Unterschmeien.

Climate

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Sigmaringen's climate is classified as humid continental (Köppen: Dfb; Trewartha: Dclo).

Climate data for Sigmaringen (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.6
(38.5) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.3
(63.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		12.6
(54.7) 		8.2
(46.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		8.1
(46.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 49.1
(1.93) 		40.8
(1.61) 		47.0
(1.85) 		52.6
(2.07) 		88.8
(3.50) 		91.6
(3.61) 		99.7
(3.93) 		83.5
(3.29) 		57.5
(2.26) 		56.9
(2.24) 		51.6
(2.03) 		59.6
(2.35) 		778.7
(30.67)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.6 89.2 140.7 178.2 200.2 217.6 235.6 222 165.8 112.2 66.1 53.2 1,743.4
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst (Precipitation at Laiz) [3][4][5]

History

[edit]

Sigmaringen was first attested in a document from in 1077 and was part of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1576 until 1850, after which it became the Prussian Province of Hohenzollern.

Middle Ages

[edit]

In the 11th century, in the end of the Early Middle Ages, the first castle was built on the rock that protected the valley. The first written reference[6] dates from 1077, when King Rudolf of Rheinfelden tried in vain to conquer Sigmaringen Castle. The city was officially founded in 1250. In 1325, it was sold to Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg. In 1460 and 1500, the castle was rebuilt into a chateau. About the county of Werdenberg Sigmaringen came in 1535 to be owned by the high noble family of the Hohenzollern.

Modern times

[edit]
Sigmaringen, c. 1900
Sigmaringen, 1929

In 1632, the Swedes occupied the castle during the Thirty Years' War.

From 1806 to 1849, Sigmaringen was the capital of the sovereign Principality Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and residence of the princes of Hohenzollern.

As a result of the Sigmaringen Revolution of 1848, the Princes of Hechingen and Sigmaringen abdicated, whereby both principalities fell to Prussia in 1850. From 1850 to 1945, Sigmaringen was the seat of the Prussian Government for the Province of Hohenzollern. Karl Anton von Hohenzollern was 1858-1862 Prime Minister of Prussia. From 1914 to 1918, around 150 men from the town died during World War I. In the Nazi era, a Gestapo office was located in Sigmaringen. From 1937, it belonged to Stuttgart's Gestapo.[7]

Between 1934 and 1942, more than 100 men were sterilized because of "hereditary diseases". On 12 December 1940, during the Nazi medical experiments known as the "T4", 71 mentally disabled and mentally ill patients became the victims of Nazi injustice. These men and women were deported to the Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre, where they were killed as "unworthy of life".[8] After the closure of Grafeneck in December 1940, a further deportation to the Hadamar Euthanasia Centre occurred on 14 March 1941.

Vichy French enclave (1944–1945)

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Main article: Sigmaringen enclave
The Castle of Sigmaringen

On 7 September 1944, following the Allied invasion of France, Philippe Pétain and members of the Vichy government cabinet were relocated to Germany, a move which Petain fiercely fought against. A city-state ruled by the government in exile headed by Fernand de Brinon was established at Sigmaringen. One of his most notorious members was Joseph Darnand, hero of First World War and who, because of his deep admiration for Petain (for him, he was the "Victor of Verdun"), he followed to the bitter end, his execution by fire squad. There were three embassies in the city-state, representing each of Vichy-France's allies: Germany, Italy, and Japan.

French writers Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Lucien Rebatet and Roland Gaucher, fearing for their lives because of their political and antisemitic writings, fled along with the Vichy government to Sigmaringen. Céline's novel D'un château l'autre (English: Castle to Castle) describes the fall of Sigmaringen. The city was taken by Free French forces on 22 April 1945. Pétain returned to France, where he stood trial for treason and was condemned to death, though the sentence was commuted by Charles de Gaulle.[citation needed]

Transportation infrastructure

[edit]

Three railways meet in Sigmaringen, the Ulm–Sigmaringen railway leading to Ulm, the Tübingen–Sigmaringen railway from Tübingen to Aulendorf and connecting to the Tuttlingen–Inzigkofen railway to Tuttlingen, and the Engstingen–Sigmaringen railway operated by the Hohenzollerische Landesbahn.

Sigmaringen lies in the serving area of Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau (NALDO).[9]

Notable people

[edit]
Fidelis of Sigmaringen
Winfried Kretschmann, 2018

Aristocracy

[edit]

Twin towns

[edit]

Bibliography

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  • Mauthner, Martin (2016). Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes: French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945. Eastbourne, England: Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-784-1. OCLC 987647015.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse Archived 2021-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerung nach Nationalität und Geschlecht am 31. Dezember 2022" [Population by nationality and sex as of December 31, 2022] (CSV) (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
  3. ^ "Lufttemperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  6. ^ Bericht in der Chronik des Kloster Petershausen: Von dort zog König Rudolf von Schwaben nach Burg Sigimaringin und belagerte sie. Als er aber erfuhr, dass König Heinrich IV. mit einem Heer über die Alpenpässe herannahte, um die Festung zu entsetzen, zog er ab und ging nach Sachsen.
  7. ^ Ingrid Bauz, Sigrid Brueggemann, Roland Maier (eds.). The secret police in Württemberg and Hohenzollern. Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 3-89657-138-9, p 90ff.
  8. ^ Thomas Stöckle, Grafeneck 1940. The euthanasia crimes in East Germany. 2nd Edition. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-87407-507-9. Thomas Stöckle, head of Memorial in Grafeneck emphasizes that these are preliminary. Basis of the figures are statistical material from the Grafeneck process of 1949 and reports of the individual dispensing stations
  9. ^ de:Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau
  10. ^ Cuthbert (1909). "St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6.
  11. ^ Hegeler, Hartmut. "Namen der Opfer der Hexenprozesse/ Hexenverfolgung in Rottweil" (PDF). Retrieved 19 September 2017.
  12. ^ "Rottweils Hexen und Zauberer werden rehabilitiert". NRWZ.de (in German). 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 25 May 2015.
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