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In Greek mythology, Cranaus or Kranaos (/ˈkræni.əs/;^[1]Ancient Greek: Κραναός) was the second King of Athens, succeeding Cecrops I.

Family

Cranaus married Pedias, a Spartan woman and daughter of Mynes, with whom he had three daughters: Cranaë, Cranaechme, and Atthis.^[2] Atthis gave her name to Attica after dying, possibly as a young girl,^[3] although in other traditions she was the mother, by Hephaestus, of Erichthonius. Rarus was also given as a son of Cranaus.^[4]

Reign

Cranaus was supposed to have reigned for either nine or ten years and was an autochthon (born from the earth), like his predecessor. During his reign the flood of the Deucalion story was thought to have occurred. In some accounts, Deucalion was said to have fled Lycorea to Athens with his sons Hellen and Amphictyon.^[5] Deucalion died shortly thereafter and was said to have been buried near Athens. Amphictyon is said to have married one of the daughters of Cranaus.

Cranaus was deposed by Amphictyon son of Deucalion, who was himself later deposed by Erichthonius.^[6] Cranaus fled to Lamptrae, where he died and was buried. His tomb was still there in the times of Pausanias.^[7] Cranaus was venerated as hero in Athens; his priests came from the family Charidae.^[8]

The people of Attica were referred to as Kranaoi^[9] after Cranaus, and Athens as Kranaa^[10] or Kranaai.^[11]

Regnal titles
Preceded by Cecrops I	King of Athens	Succeeded by Amphictyon

Notes

^ Avery, Catherine B., ed. (1962). New Century Classical Handbook. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 328.
^ Apollodorus, 3.14.5
^ Apollodorus, 3.14.5; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.2.6; Strabo, Geographica 9.1.18
^ Hesychius of Alexandria s. v. Kranaou hyios
^ Eusebius, Chronicle 2, p. 26; Parian Chronicle, 4 - 7;
^ Apollodorus, 3.14.6
^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.31.3
^ Hesychius of Alexandria s.v. Kharidai
^ Aristophanes, Birds 123; Herodotus, Histories 8.44; Suda s.v. Kranaōn; Aeschylus, Eumenides 993: "children of Cranaus"
^ Aristophanes, Acharnians 75; Lysistrata 481; Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Kranaē
^ Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.82

References

Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Aristophanes, Birds. The Complete Greek Drama. vol. 2. Eugene O'Neill, Jr. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Aristophanes, Aristophanes Comoediae edited by F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart, vol. 2. F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1907. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Herodotus, The Histories with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. ISBN 0-674-99133-8. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Pindar, Odes translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Pindar, The Odes of Pindar including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

[1] Avery, Catherine B., ed. (1962). New Century Classical Handbook. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 328.

[2] Apollodorus, 3.14.5

[Apollod._3._14._5-3] Apollodorus, 3.14.5; Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.2.6; Strabo, Geographica 9.1.18

[4] Hesychius of Alexandria s. v. Kranaou hyios

[5] Eusebius, Chronicle 2, p. 26; Parian Chronicle, 4 - 7;

[6] Apollodorus, 3.14.6

[7] Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.31.3

[8] Hesychius of Alexandria s.v. Kharidai

[9] Aristophanes, Birds 123; Herodotus, Histories 8.44; Suda s.v. Kranaōn; Aeschylus, Eumenides 993: "children of Cranaus"

[10] Aristophanes, Acharnians 75; Lysistrata 481; Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Kranaē

[11] Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.82

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[3]

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-In [[Greek mythology]], '''Cranaus'''{{Pronunciation-needed}} ({{lang-grc|Κραναός}}) was the second [[Kings of Athens|King]] of [[Athens]], succeeding [[Cecrops I|Cecrops]]&nbsp;I. He is supposed to have reigned for either nine or ten years.
+In [[Greek mythology]], '''Cranaus''' or '''Kranaos''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|æ|n|i|.|ə|s}};<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/newcenturyclassi00aver/page/328/mode/2up |page=328 |title=New Century Classical Handbook|editor-first=Catherine B. |editor-last=Avery |publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts |location=New York |year=1962}}</ref>[[Ancient Greek]]: Κραναός) was the second [[Kings of Athens|King]] of [[Athens]], succeeding [[Cecrops I|Cecrops]] I.
+== Family ==
-He was [[autochthon (ancient Greece)|autochthonous]] (born from the earth), like his predecessor. He married Pedias, a [[Sparta]]n woman and daughter of Mynes, with whom he had three daughters: Cranae, Cranaechme (alternate reading: Menaechme), and Atthis.<ref name="Apollod. 3. 14. 5">Pseudo-Apollodorus, ''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'', 3. 14. 5</ref> Atthis gave her name to [[Attica]] after dying, possibly as a young girl,<ref name="Apollod. 3. 14. 5" /><ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'', 1. 2. 6</ref><ref>[[Strabo]], ''Geography'', 9. 1. 18</ref> although in other traditions she was the mother, by [[Hephaestus]], of [[Erichthonius of Athens|Erichthonius]]. [[Rarus]] was also given as a son of Cranaus.<ref>[[Hesychius of Alexandria]] s. v. ''Kranaou hyios''</ref>
+Cranaus married [[Pedias]], a [[Sparta]]n woman and daughter of [[Mynes (mythology)|Mynes]], with whom he had three daughters: [[Cranaë]], [[Cranaechme]], and [[Atthis (mythology)|Atthis]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.14.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Cranaus 3.14.5]</ref> Atthis gave her name to [[Attica]] after dying, possibly as a young girl,<ref name="Apollod. 3. 14. 5">Apollodorus, 3.14.5; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Graeciae Descriptio'' 1.2.6; [[Strabo]], ''[[Geographica]]'' 9.1.18</ref> although in other traditions she was the mother, by [[Hephaestus]], of [[Erichthonius of Athens|Erichthonius]]. [[Rarus]] was also given as a son of Cranaus.<ref>[[Hesychius of Alexandria]] s. v. ''Kranaou hyios''</ref>
+== Reign ==
-During his reign the flood of the [[Deucalion]] story was thought to have occurred. In some accounts, Deucalion is said to have fled [[Lycorea]] to Athens with his sons [[Hellen]] and Amphictyon.<ref>[[Parian Chronicle]], 4 - 7</ref><ref>[[Eusebius]], ''Chronicle'', 2, p. 26</ref> Deucalion died shortly thereafter and was said to have been buried near Athens. Amphictyon is said to have married one of the daughters of Cranaus.
+Cranaus was supposed to have reigned for either nine or ten years and was an [[autochthon (ancient Greece)|autochthon]] (born from the earth), like his predecessor. During his reign the flood of the [[Deucalion]] story was thought to have occurred. In some accounts, Deucalion was said to have fled [[Lycorea]] to Athens with his sons [[Hellen]] and [[Amphictyon]].<ref>[[Eusebius]], ''Chronicle'' 2, p. 26; [[Parian Chronicle]], 4 - 7; </ref> Deucalion died shortly thereafter and was said to have been buried near Athens. Amphictyon is said to have married one of the daughters of Cranaus.
-Cranaus was deposed by [[Amphictyon]] son of [[Deucalion]], who was himself later deposed by [[Erichthonius of Athens|Erichthonius]].<ref>Ps.-Apollod. 3. 14. 6</ref> Cranaus fled to Lamptrae, where he died and was buried. His tomb was still there in the times of Pausanias.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'', 1. 31. 3</ref> Cranaus was venerated as [[hero]] in Athens; his priests came from the family Charidae.<ref>[[Hesychius of Alexandria]] s. v. ''Kharidai''</ref>
+Cranaus was deposed by Amphictyon son of Deucalion, who was himself later deposed by [[Erichthonius of Athens|Erichthonius]].<ref>Apollodorus, 3.14.6</ref> Cranaus fled to [[Lamptrai|Lamptrae]], where he died and was buried. His tomb was still there in the times of Pausanias.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Graeciae Descriptio'' 1.31.3</ref> Cranaus was venerated as [[hero]] in Athens; his priests came from the family Charidae.<ref>Hesychius of Alexandria s.v. ''Kharidai''</ref>
-The people of Attica were referred to as ''Kranaoi''<ref>[[Aristophanes]], ''Birds'' 123; [[Herodotus]], ''Histories'', 8. 44; [[Suda]] s. v. Kranaōn; [[Aeschylus]], ''Eumenides'' 993: "children of Cranaus"</ref> after Cranaus, and Athens as ''Kranaa''<ref>Aristophanes, ''Acharnians'', 75; ''Lysistrata'', 481; [[Stephanus of Byzantium]] s. v. ''Kranaē''</ref> or ''Kranaai''.<ref>[[Pindar]], Olympian Ode 7. 82</ref>
+The people of Attica were referred to as ''Kranaoi''<ref>[[Aristophanes]], ''Birds'' 123; [[Herodotus]], ''Histories'' 8.44; [[Suda]] s.v. Kranaōn; [[Aeschylus]], ''Eumenides'' 993: "children of Cranaus"</ref> after Cranaus, and Athens as ''Kranaa''<ref>Aristophanes, ''Acharnians'' 75; ''Lysistrata'' 481; [[Stephanus of Byzantium]] s.v. ''Kranaē''</ref> or ''Kranaai''.<ref>[[Pindar]], ''Olympian Ode'' 7.82</ref>
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==Sources==
-*Apollodorus; ''Gods & Heroes of the Greeks: [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|The Library of Apollodorus]]'', Michael Simpson (translator), The [[University of Massachusetts Press]], (1976). ISBN 0-87023-205-3.
-* [[Herodotus]]; [[The Histories of Herodotus|''Histories'']], [[A. D. Godley]] (translator), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920; ISBN 0-674-99133-8. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.1.0 Online version] at the Perseus Digital Library.
-* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece''. W. H. S. Jones (translator). [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol. 1. Books I&ndash;II: ISBN 0-674-99104-4. ([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+1.1.1 Online version] at the Perseus Digital Library.)
 {{s-start}}
 {{s-reg}}
-{{s-bef|before=[[Cecrops I]]}}
+{{s-bef
+| before = [[Cecrops I]]
+}}
-{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Athens]]|years}}
+{{s-ttl
+| title = [[King of Athens]]
+|years}}
-{{s-aft|after=[[Amphictyon]]}}
+{{s-aft
+| after = [[Amphictyon]]
+}}
 {{s-end}}
+== Notes ==
-[[Category:Greek mythology]]
+{{Portal|Ancient Greece|Myths|}}{{reflist}}
+==References==
+* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. {{ISBN|0-674-99135-4}}. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
+*[[Aristophanes]], ''Birds''. ''The Complete Greek Drama.'' ''vol. 2''. Eugene O'Neill, Jr. New York. Random House. 1938. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0026 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
+*Aristophanes, ''Aristophanes Comoediae'' edited by F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart, vol. 2. F.W. Hall and W.M. Geldart. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1907. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0025 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
+*[[Herodotus]], ''The Histories'' with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|0-674-99133-8}}. [https://topostext.org/work/22 Online version at the Topos Text Project.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125 Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library].
+* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
+*Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
+*[[Pindar]], ''Odes'' translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
+*Pindar, ''The Odes of Pindar'' including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0161 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
+*[[Strabo]], ''The Geography of Strabo.'' Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
+*Strabo, ''Geographica'' edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
+[[Category:Autochthons of classical mythology]]
 [[Category:Kings of Athens]]
 [[Category:Kings in Greek mythology]]
-[[Category:Autochthons of classical mythology]]
+[[Category:Mythological people from Attica]]