The Aleph (short story): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1945 short story by Jorge Luis Borges}} |
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{{infobox short story | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] --> |
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{{infobox short story |
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| name = The Aleph |
| name = The Aleph |
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| title_orig = El Aleph |
| title_orig = El Aleph |
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| translator = |
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| author = [[Jorge Luis Borges]] |
| author = [[Jorge Luis Borges]] |
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| published_in =''[[Sur (magazine)|Sur]]'' |
| published_in = ''[[Sur (magazine)|Sur]]'' |
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| release_date = |
| release_date = {{start date|1945|9|df=y}} |
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| pages = 15 (Bantam 1971 ed.) |
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"'''The Aleph'''" is a |
"'''The Aleph'''" ({{langx|es|El Aleph|links=no}}) is a short story by Argentine writer and poet [[Jorge Luis Borges]]. First published in September 1945, it was reprinted in the short story collection ''[[The Aleph (short story collection)|The Aleph and Other Stories]]'' in 1949, and revised by the author in 1974. |
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==Plot summary== |
==Plot summary== |
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[[File:Jorge Luis Borges.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Borges in |
[[File:Jorge Luis Borges.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Borges in 1967]] |
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In Borges' story, the Aleph is a point in space that contains all other points. Anyone who gazes into it can see everything in the [[universe]] from every angle simultaneously, without distortion, overlapping, or confusion. The story traces the theme of [[infinity]] found in several of Borges' other works, such as "[[The Book of Sand]]". |
In Borges' story, the Aleph is a point in space that contains all other points. Anyone who gazes into it can see everything in the [[universe]] from every angle simultaneously, without distortion, overlapping, or confusion. The story traces the theme of [[infinity]] found in several of Borges' other works, such as "[[The Book of Sand]]". Borges has stated that the inspiration for this story came from [[H. G. Wells]]' short stories "[[The Crystal Egg]]"<ref>{{cite book |last=Borges |first=Jorge Luis |date=1998 |title=Collected Fictions |url=http://ereserve.library.utah.edu/Annual/LANG/2010/Metz/aleph.pdf |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |chapter=Afterword }}</ref> and "[[The Door in the Wall (short story)|The Door in the Wall]]". In Volume 2, N°4 (July–December 2013) of the journal of the [[North American Academy of the Spanish Language]], the Argentine writer [[Fernando Sorrentino]] publishes an article in which he reports the existence of a story almost identical to ''The Aleph'' by the Argentine writer [[Eduarda Mansilla]]. This story, entitled ''El ramito de romero'', was published in 1883 in the book ''Creaciones'', and its content is strikingly similar to Borges' text. Even the famous and extensive vision at the end shares the same verb tense: “I saw... I saw...” According to Sorrentino, ''El ramito de romero'' (of which Borges knew, he claims) condensed all ''The Aleph''.<ref>https://www.ranle.us/numeros/volumen-2/numero-4/huevo-de-cristal-o-ramito-de-romero-el-aleph-antes-del-aleph/ </ref> |
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As in many of Borges' short stories, the [[protagonist]] is a fictionalized version of the author. At the beginning of the story, he is mourning the recent death of a woman |
As in many of Borges' short stories, the [[protagonist]] is a fictionalized version of the author. At the beginning of the story, he is mourning the recent death of Beatriz Viterbo, a woman he loved, and he resolves to stop by the house of her family to pay his respects. Over time, he comes to know her first cousin, Carlos Argentino Daneri, a mediocre [[poet]] with a vastly exaggerated view of his own talent who has made it his lifelong quest to write an [[epic poem]] that describes every single location on the planet in excruciatingly fine detail. |
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Later in the story, a business |
Later in the story, a business attempts to tear down Daneri's house in the course of its expansion. Daneri becomes enraged, explaining to the narrator that he must keep the house in order to finish his poem, because the cellar contains "the Aleph", which he is using to write the poem. Though by now he believes Daneri to be insane, the narrator proposes to come to the house and see the Aleph for himself. |
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Left alone in the darkness of the cellar, the narrator begins to fear that Daneri is conspiring to kill him, and then he sees the Aleph for himself: |
Left alone in the darkness of the cellar, the narrator begins to fear that Daneri is conspiring to kill him, and then he sees the Aleph for himself: |
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{{quotation|On the back part of the step, toward the right, I saw a small iridescent sphere of almost unbearable brilliance. At first I thought it was revolving; then I realised that this movement was an illusion created by the dizzying world it bounded. The Aleph's diameter was probably little more than an inch, but all space was there, actual and undiminished. Each thing (a mirror's face, let us say) was infinite things, since I distinctly saw it from every angle of the universe. I saw the teeming sea; I saw daybreak and nightfall; I saw the multitudes of America; I saw a silvery cobweb in the center of a black pyramid; I saw a splintered labyrinth (it was London); I saw, close up, unending eyes watching themselves in me as in a mirror; I saw all the mirrors on earth and none of them reflected me; I saw in a backyard of Soler Street the same tiles that thirty years before I'd seen in the entrance of a house in Fray Bentos; I saw bunches of grapes, snow, tobacco, lodes of metal, steam; I saw convex equatorial deserts and each one of their grains of sand...<ref>{{ |
{{quotation|''On the back part of the step, toward the right, I saw a small iridescent sphere of almost unbearable brilliance. At first I thought it was revolving; then I realised that this movement was an illusion created by the dizzying world it bounded. The Aleph's diameter was probably little more than an inch, but all space was there, actual and undiminished. Each thing (a mirror's face, let us say) was infinite things, since I distinctly saw it from every angle of the universe. I saw the teeming sea; I saw daybreak and nightfall; I saw the multitudes of America; I saw a silvery cobweb in the center of a black pyramid; I saw a splintered labyrinth (it was London); I saw, close up, unending eyes watching themselves in me as in a mirror; I saw all the mirrors on earth and none of them reflected me; I saw in a backyard of Soler Street the same tiles that thirty years before I'd seen in the entrance of a house in [[Fray Bentos]]; I saw bunches of grapes, snow, tobacco, lodes of metal, steam; I saw convex equatorial deserts and each one of their grains of sand...''<ref>{{cite book |last=Borges |first=Jorge Luis |date=1945 |title=El Aleph |language=en |translator=[[Norman Thomas di Giovanni]], Jorge Luis Borges |url=http://www.phinnweb.org/links/literature/borges/aleph.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427015711/http://www.phinnweb.org/links/literature/borges/aleph.html |archivedate=2016-04-27}}</ref> |
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Though staggered by the experience of seeing the Aleph, the narrator pretends to have seen nothing in order to get revenge on Daneri, whom he dislikes, by giving Daneri a reason to doubt his own sanity. The narrator tells Daneri that |
Though staggered by the experience of seeing the Aleph, the narrator pretends to have seen nothing in order to get revenge on Daneri, whom he dislikes, by giving Daneri a reason to doubt his own sanity. The narrator tells Daneri that Daneri has lived too long amongst the noise and bustle of the city and spent too much time in the dark and enclosed space of his cellar, and the narrator assures him that what he truly needs are the wide open spaces and fresh air of the countryside, and these will provide him with the true peace of mind that he needs to complete his poem. He then takes his leave of Daneri and exits the house. |
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In a [[postscript]] to the story, Borges explains that Daneri's house was ultimately demolished, but that Daneri himself won second place for the |
In a [[postscript]] to the story, Borges explains that Daneri's house was ultimately demolished, but that a selection from Daneri's epic poem was eventually published and that Daneri himself won second place for the Argentine [[National Prize for Literature]] as a result. He also states his belief that the Aleph in Daneri's house was "a false Aleph". Borges then defends this claim by citing many similar instances from legend and literature where objects were inaccurately perceived to be Alephs. |
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==Background== |
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''[[Aleph (Hebrew)|Aleph]]'' or ''Alef'' (''א''), is the first letter of the [[Hebrew alphabet]] and the number ''1'' in Hebrew. Its esoteric meaning in Judaic Kabbalah, as denoted in the theological treatise ''[[Bahir]]'', relates to the origin of the universe, the "primordial one that contains all numbers." The aleph (ﺍ, or ʼalif) is also the first letter of the [[Arabic alphabet]], as well as the [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]], [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]], and [[Syriac alphabet|Syriac]] alphabets. Aleph is also the first letter of the [[Urdu language|Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] alphabet, which are both written using Arabic script. |
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In mathematics, [[aleph number]]s denote the [[cardinality]] (or size) of infinite sets. This relates to the theme of infinity present in Borges' story. |
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The aleph recalls the [[Monad (philosophy)|monad]] as conceptualized by [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], the 17th-century philosopher and mathematician. Just as Borges' aleph registers the traces of everything else in the universe, so Leibniz' monad is a mirror onto every other object of the world. |
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According to some the story also makes reference to [[Dante Alighieri]]'s ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' in the poet Daneri's name ("Dan" from Dante and "eri" from Alighieri) and in Beatriz' name. |
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The descent into the cellar is sometimes compared to Dante's descent into hell. Jorge Louis Borges wrote in his commentaries he felt honored by the idea that this coincidence was put in on purpose and did deny the idea that he made a conscious reference to the poem. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-The_Aleph_(short_story)-article.ogg|2016-08-22}} |
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-The_Aleph_(short_story)-article.ogg|date=2016-08-22}} |
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*{{Commonscatinline|The Aleph (short story)}} |
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{{Jorge Luis Borges}} |
{{Jorge Luis Borges}} |
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[[Category:Novels set in Buenos Aires]] |
[[Category:Novels set in Buenos Aires]] |
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[[Category:Argentine speculative fiction works]] |
[[Category:Argentine speculative fiction works]] |
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[[Category:Works based on the Divine Comedy]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:09, 3 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017) |
| "The Aleph" | |
|---|---|
| Short story by Jorge Luis Borges | |
| Original title | El Aleph |
| Country | Argentina |
| Language | Spanish |
| Publication | |
| Published in | Sur |
| Publication date | September 1945 |
| Pages | 15 (Bantam 1971 ed.) |
"The Aleph" (Spanish: El Aleph) is a short story by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges. First published in September 1945, it was reprinted in the short story collection The Aleph and Other Stories in 1949, and revised by the author in 1974.
Plot summary
[edit]
In Borges' story, the Aleph is a point in space that contains all other points. Anyone who gazes into it can see everything in the universe from every angle simultaneously, without distortion, overlapping, or confusion. The story traces the theme of infinity found in several of Borges' other works, such as "The Book of Sand". Borges has stated that the inspiration for this story came from H. G. Wells' short stories "The Crystal Egg"[1] and "The Door in the Wall". In Volume 2, N°4 (July–December 2013) of the journal of the North American Academy of the Spanish Language, the Argentine writer Fernando Sorrentino publishes an article in which he reports the existence of a story almost identical to The Aleph by the Argentine writer Eduarda Mansilla. This story, entitled El ramito de romero, was published in 1883 in the book Creaciones, and its content is strikingly similar to Borges' text. Even the famous and extensive vision at the end shares the same verb tense: “I saw... I saw...” According to Sorrentino, El ramito de romero (of which Borges knew, he claims) condensed all The Aleph.[2]
As in many of Borges' short stories, the protagonist is a fictionalized version of the author. At the beginning of the story, he is mourning the recent death of Beatriz Viterbo, a woman he loved, and he resolves to stop by the house of her family to pay his respects. Over time, he comes to know her first cousin, Carlos Argentino Daneri, a mediocre poet with a vastly exaggerated view of his own talent who has made it his lifelong quest to write an epic poem that describes every single location on the planet in excruciatingly fine detail.
Later in the story, a business attempts to tear down Daneri's house in the course of its expansion. Daneri becomes enraged, explaining to the narrator that he must keep the house in order to finish his poem, because the cellar contains "the Aleph", which he is using to write the poem. Though by now he believes Daneri to be insane, the narrator proposes to come to the house and see the Aleph for himself.
Left alone in the darkness of the cellar, the narrator begins to fear that Daneri is conspiring to kill him, and then he sees the Aleph for himself:
On the back part of the step, toward the right, I saw a small iridescent sphere of almost unbearable brilliance. At first I thought it was revolving; then I realised that this movement was an illusion created by the dizzying world it bounded. The Aleph's diameter was probably little more than an inch, but all space was there, actual and undiminished. Each thing (a mirror's face, let us say) was infinite things, since I distinctly saw it from every angle of the universe. I saw the teeming sea; I saw daybreak and nightfall; I saw the multitudes of America; I saw a silvery cobweb in the center of a black pyramid; I saw a splintered labyrinth (it was London); I saw, close up, unending eyes watching themselves in me as in a mirror; I saw all the mirrors on earth and none of them reflected me; I saw in a backyard of Soler Street the same tiles that thirty years before I'd seen in the entrance of a house in Fray Bentos; I saw bunches of grapes, snow, tobacco, lodes of metal, steam; I saw convex equatorial deserts and each one of their grains of sand...[3]
Though staggered by the experience of seeing the Aleph, the narrator pretends to have seen nothing in order to get revenge on Daneri, whom he dislikes, by giving Daneri a reason to doubt his own sanity. The narrator tells Daneri that Daneri has lived too long amongst the noise and bustle of the city and spent too much time in the dark and enclosed space of his cellar, and the narrator assures him that what he truly needs are the wide open spaces and fresh air of the countryside, and these will provide him with the true peace of mind that he needs to complete his poem. He then takes his leave of Daneri and exits the house.
In a postscript to the story, Borges explains that Daneri's house was ultimately demolished, but that a selection from Daneri's epic poem was eventually published and that Daneri himself won second place for the Argentine National Prize for Literature as a result. He also states his belief that the Aleph in Daneri's house was "a false Aleph". Borges then defends this claim by citing many similar instances from legend and literature where objects were inaccurately perceived to be Alephs.
References
[edit]- ^ Borges, Jorge Luis (1998). "Afterword". Collected Fictions (PDF). Penguin Books.
- ^ https://www.ranle.us/numeros/volumen-2/numero-4/huevo-de-cristal-o-ramito-de-romero-el-aleph-antes-del-aleph/
- ^ Borges, Jorge Luis (1945). El Aleph. Translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Jorge Luis Borges. Archived from the original on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
External links
[edit]
Media related to The Aleph (short story) at Wikimedia Commons
- 1945 short stories
- Short stories by Jorge Luis Borges
- Fantasy short stories
- Short stories about writers
- Works originally published in Sur (magazine)
- Mathematics and culture
- Buenos Aires in fiction
- Fray Bentos in fiction
- Novels set in Buenos Aires
- Argentine speculative fiction works
- Works based on the Divine Comedy