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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
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{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
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[[File:Liu Bei.jpg|thumb|Statue of [[Liu Bei]] in the temple of [[Zhuge Liang]], [[Chengdu]] ([[China]])]]
[[File:Liu Bei.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Statue of [[Liu Bei]] in the temple of [[Zhuge Liang]], [[Chengdu]] ([[China]])]]
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Year '''221''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius''' (or, less frequently, '''year 974 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 221 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Year '''221''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius''' (or, less frequently, '''year 974 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 221 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
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==== Roman Empire ====
==== Roman Empire ====
* [[June 26]] – Emperor [[Elagabalus]] adopts his cousin [[Alexander Severus]] as his heir and receives the title of [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]].
* [[June 26]] &ndash; Emperor [[Elagabalus]] adopts his cousin [[Alexander Severus]] as his heir, and receives the title of [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dion Cassius |title=Emperors and usurpers: an historical commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman history books 79(78)-80(80)-(A.D. 217-229) |last2=Scott |first2=Andrew G. |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-087960-0 |series=American classical studies |location=New York (N.Y.) |pages=106}}</ref>
* July &ndash; Elagabalus is forced to divorce [[Aquilia Severa]] and marries his third wife [[Annia Faustina]]. After five months he returns to Severa and claims that the original divorce is invalid. The marriage is symbolic, because Elagabalus appears to be [[homosexual]] or [[bisexual]]. According to the historian [[Cassius Dio]], he has a stable relationship with his [[chariot]] driver, the slave [[Hierocles (charioteer)|Hierocles]].
* [[July]] &ndash; Elagabalus is forced to divorce [[Aquilia Severa]], and marries his third wife [[Annia Faustina]]. After five months he returns to Severa, and claims that the original divorce is invalid. The marriage is symbolic, because Elagabalus appears to be [[homosexual]] or [[bisexual]]. According to the historian [[Cassius Dio]], he has a stable relationship with his [[chariot]] driver, the slave [[Hierocles (charioteer)|Hierocles]].


==== Asia ====
==== Asia ====
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Liu Bei]], Chinese warlord and descendant of the royal family of the [[Han Dynasty]], proclaims himself emperor in [[Sichuan]] and establish the [[Shu Han|Kingdom of Shu Han]]. [[Three kingdoms]] arise &ndash; the [[Kingdom of Wei|Wei]] in the north, the [[Kingdom of Wu|Wu]] in the south and the Shu Han in the west.
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Liu Bei]], Chinese warlord and descendant of the imperial clan of the [[Han dynasty]], proclaims himself emperor in [[Chengdu]], [[Sichuan]], and establishes the state of [[Shu Han]].
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== Births ==
== Births ==
* [[Yang Hu]], general of the [[Jin Dynasty (265–420)|Jin Dynasty]] (d. [[278]])
* [[Liu Ling (poet)|Liu Ling]], Chinese poet and scholar (d. [[300]])
* [[Liu Ling]] (d. [[300]])
* [[Yang Hu]], Chinese general and politician (d. [[278]])


== Deaths ==
== Deaths ==
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Lady Zhen]] (forced to commit suicide by [[Cao Pi]]) (b. [[183]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Lady Zhen]], Chinese noblewoman (b. [[183]])
* [[Dong He]] (or '''Youzai'''), Chinese official and politician
* [[Gongsun Kang]], general of [[Cao Wei|Wei]]
* [[Yu Jin]], general under [[Cao Cao]]
* [[Mi Zhu]], Chinese general and politician (b. [[165]])
* [[Yu Jin]], Chinese general serving under [[Cao Cao]]
* [[Zhang Fei]], general of [[Shu Han|Shu]] (assassinated by his subordinates Fan Qiang (范彊) and Zhang Da (張達))
* [[Zhang Fei]], Chinese general and politician


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 21:40, 3 November 2024

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
221 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar221
CCXXI
Ab urbe condita974
Assyrian calendar4971
Balinese saka calendar142–143
Bengali calendar−372
Berber calendar1171
Buddhist calendar765
Burmese calendar−417
Byzantine calendar5729–5730
Chinese calendar庚子年 (Metal Rat)
2918 or 2711
    — to —
辛丑年 (Metal Ox)
2919 or 2712
Coptic calendar−63 – −62
Discordian calendar1387
Ethiopian calendar213–214
Hebrew calendar3981–3982
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat277–278
 - Shaka Samvat142–143
 - Kali Yuga3321–3322
Holocene calendar10221
Iranian calendar401 BP – 400 BP
Islamic calendar413 BH – 412 BH
Javanese calendar99–100
Julian calendar221
CCXXI
Korean calendar2554
Minguo calendar1691 before ROC
民前1691年
Nanakshahi calendar−1247
Seleucid era532/533 AG
Thai solar calendar763–764
Tibetan calendar阳金鼠年
(male Iron-Rat)
347 or −34 or −806
    — to —
阴金牛年
(female Iron-Ox)
348 or −33 or −805
Statue of Liu Bei in the temple of Zhuge Liang, Chengdu (China)

Year 221 (CCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius (or, less frequently, year 974 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 221 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

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By place

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Roman Empire

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Asia

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ Dion Cassius; Scott, Andrew G. (2018). Emperors and usurpers: an historical commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman history books 79(78)-80(80)-(A.D. 217-229). American classical studies. New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-19-087960-0.