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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Short description|Inverted roller coaster}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox roller coaster
{{Infobox roller coaster
| name =Raptor
|name = Raptor
|logo = Raptor (Cedar Point) logo.png
| image =cedar_point_raptor1.jpg
|logodimensions = 175px
| caption ='''Raptor''' showing the 100 foot tall vertical loop
|image = Raptor (Zero-G & Majority).JPG
| location =Cedar Point
|imagedimensions = 275px
| type =Steel
|caption = View of Raptor from Sky Ride
| type2=Inverted
|location = Cedar Point
| status =Open
|section = Main Midway
| opened =[[May 7]], [[1994]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|41|28|44.50|N|82|40|54.50|W|region:US-OH_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| manufacturer =Bolliger & Mabillard
|previousattraction = [[Mill Race (log flume)|Mill Race]]
| designer =[[Ingenieur Büro Stengel GmbH]]
|type = Steel
| model =Inverted coaster
|type2 = Inverted
| track =
|status = Operating
| lift =Chain [[lift hill]]
|soft_opened = {{Start date|1994|05|06}}
| height =137
|opened = {{Start date|1994|05|07}}
| drop =119
|manufacturer = Bolliger & Mabillard
| length =3790
|designer = [[Werner Stengel]]
| speed =57
|model = [[Inverted roller coaster|Inverted Coaster]] - Raptor
| inversions =6
|track =
| duration =2:16
|lift = Chain [[lift hill]]
| angle =45
|height_ft = 137
| capacity =1800
|drop_ft = 119
| cost =$11,500,000 USD
|length_ft = 3790
| acceleration =
|speed_mph = 57
| gforce =
|inversions = 6
|rcdb_number=1
|duration = 2:16
|angle = 45
|capacity = 1,600
|cost = $11.5 - $12 million
|acceleration =
|gforce =
|restriction_in = 54
|trains = 3
|carspertrain = 8
|rowspercar = 1
|ridersperrow = 4
|virtual_queue_name = [[Fast Lane (Cedar Fair)|Fast Lane]]
|virtual_queue_image = Cedar Fair Fast Lane availibility.svg
|virtual_queue_status = available
|rcdb_number = 1
}}
}}
'''Raptor''' is a [[Steel roller coaster|steel]] [[inverted roller coaster|inverted]] [[roller coaster]] at [[Cedar Point]] in [[Sandusky, Ohio]]. Designed by [[Bolliger and Mabillard]], it opened in 1994. It was only the second of its kind and was also the first inverted roller coaster to feature a "[[Cobra Roll]]". Amusement Today <ref>http://www.amusementtoday.com/image/GoldenTicket2005.pdf</ref> ranked it the 11th best steel roller coaster in the world in 2005. When it was built, it was the world's tallest and fastest inverted coaster. It is the 11th roller coaster to be built at Cedar Point. This giant green coaster is right next to the main midway, and is the first coaster park guests see upon entering the park through the main entrance. The name comes from the sense meaning [[bird of prey]], not the [[velociraptor|dinosaur]].


'''Raptor''' is an [[inverted roller coaster]] designed by [[Bolliger & Mabillard]] at [[Cedar Point]] in [[Sandusky, Ohio]], United States. The coaster, which broke many records upon its opening in 1994, differs from previous inverted coasters. Instead of having a short layout designed to fit into a compact area like [[Batman: The Ride]], Raptor was designed with a larger, 3,790-foot (1,160&nbsp;m) layout, making it the tallest, fastest and longest inverted roller coaster in the world when it opened. It features six inversions, including a [[cobra roll]], a first for inverted roller coasters.<ref name="acn review">{{cite web|url=http://www.americacoasters.com/Reviews/?page=raptor|title=Raptor|publisher=AmericaCoasters.com|access-date=January 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://sanduskyregister.com/news/516715/raptor-roller-coaster-turns-30/ |title= Raptor roller coaster turns 30 |last=Helbig |first=Don |date=19 April 2024|website=Sandusky Register |publisher=The Sandusky Register |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> The ride is themed as a [[bird of prey]].<ref name="video">{{cite news| title = Raptor Promotional Video| publisher = YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbKj-deJsDA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/bbKj-deJsDA |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live| access-date = September 30, 2012 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Raptor features a 100 ft. [[Loop (roller coaster)|Loop]], a [[Zero-G Roll]], a [[Cobra Roll]], and 2 [[Corkscrew (roller coaster element)|Corkscrews]]. It has 3 [[Train (roller coaster)|trains]] that seat 32 people each.


==History==
{{CP Coasters}}
{{Stack|[[File:Raptor 05.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|Raptor's cobra roll, a first for inverted coasters]]}}
On August 19, 1993, [[Cedar Fair Entertainment Company]] filed a trademark for the name Raptor.<ref name="trademark">{{cite news |title=Raptor Trademark |url=http://www.trademarkia.com/raptor-74427524.html |publisher=Legal Force|access-date=October 19, 2012}}</ref> Raptor was then announced on September 1, 1993 during a press conference. Regarding the design of the attraction, Cedar Point management said: "Raptor will be the most exciting and ambitious project ever&nbsp;... a project that will challenge the boundaries of imagination and change the Sandusky, Ohio amusement park/resort like nothing before it."<ref name="PB Timeline">{{cite web |url=http://pointbuzz.com/c/history.aspx |title=PointBuzz Timeline |publisher=PointBuzz |access-date=June 24, 2012 |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023081858/http://pointbuzz.com/c/history.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Construction started after the 1993 season with the site clearing of the [[Mill Race (log flume)|Mill Race]] [[log flume (ride)|log flume]] water ride. The [[Cedar Point#Family rides|Midway Carousel]] and [[Cedar Point#Thrill rides|Calypso]] were relocated in October to other areas of the park to make room for Raptor. Footers also began to be poured that month. The lift hill was topped off in December with track construction continuing through January 1994. The first trains were tested about two months later in March. Final preparations were made in March with the entrance plaza being built and {{convert|85000|sqft|m2|lk=in|sigfig=2}} of [[Midway (fair)|midway]] replaced.<ref name=Documentary>{{cite web|title=Cedar Point Raptor Construction/Documentary|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdN0vgF_vx0|access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref> Media day was held on May 6 before the ride opened to the public the next day for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carr|first=Donald|title=Riders get carried away with Cedar Point's Raptor|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2igxAAAAIBAJ&pg=2399,2070138&dq=cedar+point+announces+raptor&hl=en|access-date=September 30, 2012|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=May 7, 1994}}</ref> The ride was originally painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. It was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports. It was repainted again before the start of the 2016 season.<ref name=RCDB>{{Cite RCDB|coaster_name=Raptor|location=Cedar Point|rcdb_number=1|access-date=October 1, 2012}}</ref>
<references/>

<br>
==Ride experience==
{{ride-stub}}
Raptor is located on three acres (1.2 ha) at the front of the park near [[Blue Streak (Cedar Point)|Blue Streak]]. The ride travels over the pathway to Blue Streak then passes by the Cadillac Cars and Cedar Downs Racing Derby.<ref name=Documentary />

===Layout===
The ride begins with a left-hand turn out of the [[station (roller coaster)|station]] to the [[lift hill]] that ascends {{Convert|137|ft|m|}}. Riders are pulled up by a 9,000&nbsp;lb (40&nbsp;kN) chain lift. At the top, the [[train (roller coaster)|train]] dips slightly into the [[pre-drop]] before turning 90 degrees to the left as it drops {{Convert|119|ft|m|}} down the first hill. From the bottom the train immediately enters a {{Convert|100|foot|adj=off}} [[vertical loop]]. The train then enters a [[zero-g roll]] followed by the [[cobra roll]], a first for inverted roller coasters, which inverts riders twice.

[[File:Raptor from the Sky Ride 01.jpg|thumb|left|View of Raptor's mid-course layout]]
After the cobra roll, the train makes a slight right turn followed by an upward left-hand helix and enters the [[Brake run#Block brakes|mid-course brake run]]. Next, the train dives down to the right transitioning into a brief straight section of track. Riders then enter the first of two [[Corkscrew (roller coaster element)|flat spins]] which rotates the train 360 degrees to the left. The track straightens briefly again before turning to the right and entering a short dip before taking riders into the second flat spin. The ride finishes with a 1.5 revolution flat helix where riders encounter strong positive [[G-force]]s before making one last left turn into the final [[brake run]] and back into the station.<ref name="acn review" /><ref name=POV>{{cite web|title=Raptor POV|url=https://www.youtube.com/#/watch?v=-Qt1LutrWnY|publisher=Cedar Point|access-date=October 2, 2012}}</ref><ref name=URC>{{cite web|title=Raptor at Ultimate Roller Coaster|url=http://www.ultimaterollercoaster.com/coasters/yellowpages/coasters/raptor_cedar.shtml|publisher=Ultimate Roller Coaster|access-date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> One cycle of the ride lasts about 2 minutes and 16 seconds.<ref name=RCDB />

===Track===
The steel track is approximately {{Convert|3790|ft|adj=off}} in length and the height of the lift is approximately {{Convert|137|ft|adj=off}}. The first drop is {{Convert|119|ft|adj=off}}. When the coaster first opened, it was painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. 1,500 gallons of paint were used to originally paint it. Raptor was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports.<ref name=RCDB /> Most of the 117 sections of track were manufactured by [[Clermont Steel Fabricators]] in [[Batavia, Ohio]].<ref name=Documentary /> The roller coaster was repainted again for the 2016 season with its original colors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cedarpoint.com/blog-article/online-fun/More-2016-Improvements|title=More 2016 Improvements|last=Clark|first=Tony|date=October 6, 2015|publisher=Cedar Point|access-date=October 6, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006195326/https://www.cedarpoint.com/blog-article/online-fun/More-2016-Improvements|archive-date=October 6, 2015}}</ref>

===Trains===
Raptor operates with three steel and fiberglass trains. Each train has eight cars that have four seats in a single row for a total of 32 riders in [[Ski lift]] like trains. Riders are secured by an over the shoulder restraint with a locking belt.<ref name=Coaster-Net>{{cite web|last=Tassel|first=Russel|title=Raptor at Coaster-Net|url=http://www.coasters.net/coasters/CP/raptor.html|publisher=Coaster-Net|access-date=October 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313224734/http://www.coasters.net/coasters/CP/raptor.html|archive-date=March 13, 2015}}</ref> The trains were manufactured in Switzerland at Bolliger & Mabillard's headquarters.<ref name=Documentary />

==Operation==
{{stack|[[File:Cedar point raptor1.jpg|thumb|Raptor's lift hill and loop]]}}
Raptor is adversely affected by unfavorable weather conditions as both a high altitude and high velocity ride. "Rain, high winds, and/or lightning" may result in the closing of the ride depending on the severity. It closes in high winds and any type of precipitation.<ref name="Policies">{{cite news |title=Ride Policies and Procedures|year=2012|url=http://www.cedarpoint.com/plan-a-visit/ride-policies-and-procedures|access-date=March 24, 2012}}</ref>

There is no minimum age requirement, but passengers must meet the minimum height requirement of {{convert|54|in|m|2}} to ride.<ref name="Height Requirements">{{cite news |title=Rider Height Requirements|url=http://www.cedarpoint.com/plan-a-visit/rider-height-requirements|access-date=May 29, 2012}}</ref> Some persons over a certain weight/waist size are not permitted to ride if the seat and lap bar harness cannot accommodate them.<ref name="Policies" /> Passengers on Raptor may not bring any loose articles onto the train and are required to wear shirts and footwear. Headphones must be removed before boarding.<ref name="Policies" />

Passengers are advised that they must not ride Raptor if they have "a history of recent surgery, heart trouble/high blood pressure, neck trouble, back trouble, or any other condition that may be aggravated by riding, or who are pregnant".<ref name="Special needs">{{cite news|title=Guests with Special Needs |url=http://www.cedarpoint.com/plan-a-visit/guests-with-special-needs |access-date=May 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714143906/http://www.cedarpoint.com/plan-a-visit/guests-with-special-needs |archive-date=July 14, 2012 }}</ref>

==Incidents==
{{see also|Incidents at Six Flags parks}}
On July 6, 2009, a guest complained of feeling faint after the ride. Raptor was immediately shut down as the guest was transported to a local hospital. The ride remained closed for the remainder of the day, reopening the next afternoon after a thorough inspection was completed. The guest was later released from the hospital.<ref name="faint">{{cite news | title = Cedar Point incident closes Raptor briefly | date = July 6, 2009 | publisher = The Point Online |url=http://www.thepointol.com/news/2009/41.html | access-date = July 15, 2009}}</ref>

On June 21, 2015, a 37-year-old man's leg was gashed by the ride's loading platform gates. He was taken to a local hospital where his wound was sutured.<ref>[http://fox8.com/2015/06/22/cedar-point-injury-leaves-man-with-leg-full-of-stitches/ Cedar Point injury leaves man with leg full of stitches | fox8.com<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710210635/http://fox8.com/2015/06/22/cedar-point-injury-leaves-man-with-leg-full-of-stitches/ |date=July 10, 2015 }}</ref>

On August 13, 2015, a 45-year-old man was struck by a moving train after entering the ride's restricted area to retrieve a cell phone he lost while riding. He was pronounced dead on scene shortly after paramedics' arrival. The ride was immediately closed for inspection and reopened the next day.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Golston|first1=Hilary|title=Cedar Point: Stark County man struck, killed by Raptor coaster|url=http://www.wkyc.com/story/news/local/ohio/2015/08/13/cedar-point--investigation/31663211/|website=wkyc.com|publisher=WKYC-TV|access-date=August 14, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150816141809/http://www.wkyc.com/story/news/local/ohio/2015/08/13/cedar-point--investigation/31663211/|archive-date=August 16, 2015}}</ref>

==Awards==
''[[Amusement Today]]'' magazine's [[Golden Ticket Awards]] ranked Raptor among the top 50 steel coasters in the world every year from 1998 to 2014.

{{GTA table
| type = steel
| access-date = September 12, 2016
| 1998 = 6
| 1999 = 6
| 2000 = 5
| 2001 = 8
| 2002 = 12
| 2003 = 10
| 2004 = 10
| 2005 = 11
| 2006 = 14
| 2007 = 19
| 2008 = 22 (tie)
| 2009 = 22
| 2010 = 24 (tie)
| 2011 = 18
| 2012 = 31
| 2013 = 30
| 2014 = 47
| 2016 = 47
| 2021 = 48 (tie)
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.cedarpoint.com/rides/Roller-Coasters/Raptor Cedarpoint.com - Official Raptor page]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdN0vgF_vx0 Raptor Documentary]
* [http://www.rollercoasterphilosophy.com/2009/raptor-analysis/ Roller Coaster Philosophy review of Raptor]
* [http://www.coaster-net.com/ride-gallery/30-raptor/ Raptor] at Coaster-Net
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030134830/http://thepointol.com/raptor-photo-gallery/ Raptor Photo Gallery] at The Point Online

{{Cedar Point}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box | title=World's tallest inverted roller coaster| before=[[Batman: The Ride]] | years=May 1994–May 1996| after=[[Montu (roller coaster)|Montu]]}}
{{Succession box | title=World's fastest inverted roller coaster| before=[[Nemesis Reborn|Nemesis]] | years=May 1994–May 1996| after=[[Montu (roller coaster)|Montu]]}}
{{Succession box | title=World's longest inverted roller coaster| before=[[Batman: The Ride]] | years=May 1994–May 1996| after=[[Montu (roller coaster)|Montu]]}}
{{S-end}}

[[Category:Cedar Point]]
[[Category:Roller coasters introduced in 1994]]
[[Category:Roller coasters operated by Six Flags]]
[[Category:Roller coasters in Ohio]]
[[Category:Inverted roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Ohio]]

Latest revision as of 23:40, 3 November 2024

Raptor
View of Raptor from Sky Ride
Cedar Point
LocationCedar Point
Park sectionMain Midway
Coordinates41°28′44.50″N 82°40′54.50″W / 41.4790278°N 82.6818056°W / 41.4790278; -82.6818056
StatusOperating
Soft opening dateMay 6, 1994 (1994-05-06)
Opening dateMay 7, 1994 (1994-05-07)
Cost$11.5 - $12 million
ReplacedMill Race
General statistics
TypeSteel – Inverted
ManufacturerBolliger & Mabillard
DesignerWerner Stengel
ModelInverted Coaster - Raptor
Lift/launch systemChain lift hill
Height137 ft (42 m)
Drop119 ft (36 m)
Length3,790 ft (1,160 m)
Speed57 mph (92 km/h)
Inversions6
Duration2:16
Max vertical angle45°
Capacity1,600 riders per hour
Height restriction54 in (137 cm)
Trains3 trains with 8 cars. Riders are arranged 4 across in a single row for a total of 32 riders per train.
Fast Lane available
Raptor at RCDB

Raptor is an inverted roller coaster designed by Bolliger & Mabillard at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. The coaster, which broke many records upon its opening in 1994, differs from previous inverted coasters. Instead of having a short layout designed to fit into a compact area like Batman: The Ride, Raptor was designed with a larger, 3,790-foot (1,160 m) layout, making it the tallest, fastest and longest inverted roller coaster in the world when it opened. It features six inversions, including a cobra roll, a first for inverted roller coasters.[1][2] The ride is themed as a bird of prey.[3]

History

[edit]
Raptor's cobra roll, a first for inverted coasters

On August 19, 1993, Cedar Fair Entertainment Company filed a trademark for the name Raptor.[4] Raptor was then announced on September 1, 1993 during a press conference. Regarding the design of the attraction, Cedar Point management said: "Raptor will be the most exciting and ambitious project ever ... a project that will challenge the boundaries of imagination and change the Sandusky, Ohio amusement park/resort like nothing before it."[5]

Construction started after the 1993 season with the site clearing of the Mill Race log flume water ride. The Midway Carousel and Calypso were relocated in October to other areas of the park to make room for Raptor. Footers also began to be poured that month. The lift hill was topped off in December with track construction continuing through January 1994. The first trains were tested about two months later in March. Final preparations were made in March with the entrance plaza being built and 85,000 square feet (7,900 m2) of midway replaced.[6] Media day was held on May 6 before the ride opened to the public the next day for the first time.[7] The ride was originally painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. It was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports. It was repainted again before the start of the 2016 season.[8]

Ride experience

[edit]

Raptor is located on three acres (1.2 ha) at the front of the park near Blue Streak. The ride travels over the pathway to Blue Streak then passes by the Cadillac Cars and Cedar Downs Racing Derby.[6]

Layout

[edit]

The ride begins with a left-hand turn out of the station to the lift hill that ascends 137 feet (42 m). Riders are pulled up by a 9,000 lb (40 kN) chain lift. At the top, the train dips slightly into the pre-drop before turning 90 degrees to the left as it drops 119 feet (36 m) down the first hill. From the bottom the train immediately enters a 100 foot (30 m) vertical loop. The train then enters a zero-g roll followed by the cobra roll, a first for inverted roller coasters, which inverts riders twice.

View of Raptor's mid-course layout

After the cobra roll, the train makes a slight right turn followed by an upward left-hand helix and enters the mid-course brake run. Next, the train dives down to the right transitioning into a brief straight section of track. Riders then enter the first of two flat spins which rotates the train 360 degrees to the left. The track straightens briefly again before turning to the right and entering a short dip before taking riders into the second flat spin. The ride finishes with a 1.5 revolution flat helix where riders encounter strong positive G-forces before making one last left turn into the final brake run and back into the station.[1][9][10] One cycle of the ride lasts about 2 minutes and 16 seconds.[8]

Track

[edit]

The steel track is approximately 3,790 feet (1,160 m) in length and the height of the lift is approximately 137 feet (42 m). The first drop is 119 feet (36 m). When the coaster first opened, it was painted with dark green supports, bright green track and unpainted rails. 1,500 gallons of paint were used to originally paint it. Raptor was repainted for the 2002 season and the rails were painted dark green, matching the supports.[8] Most of the 117 sections of track were manufactured by Clermont Steel Fabricators in Batavia, Ohio.[6] The roller coaster was repainted again for the 2016 season with its original colors.[11]

Trains

[edit]

Raptor operates with three steel and fiberglass trains. Each train has eight cars that have four seats in a single row for a total of 32 riders in Ski lift like trains. Riders are secured by an over the shoulder restraint with a locking belt.[12] The trains were manufactured in Switzerland at Bolliger & Mabillard's headquarters.[6]

Operation

[edit]
Raptor's lift hill and loop

Raptor is adversely affected by unfavorable weather conditions as both a high altitude and high velocity ride. "Rain, high winds, and/or lightning" may result in the closing of the ride depending on the severity. It closes in high winds and any type of precipitation.[13]

There is no minimum age requirement, but passengers must meet the minimum height requirement of 54 inches (1.37 m) to ride.[14] Some persons over a certain weight/waist size are not permitted to ride if the seat and lap bar harness cannot accommodate them.[13] Passengers on Raptor may not bring any loose articles onto the train and are required to wear shirts and footwear. Headphones must be removed before boarding.[13]

Passengers are advised that they must not ride Raptor if they have "a history of recent surgery, heart trouble/high blood pressure, neck trouble, back trouble, or any other condition that may be aggravated by riding, or who are pregnant".[15]

Incidents

[edit]
See also: Incidents at Six Flags parks

On July 6, 2009, a guest complained of feeling faint after the ride. Raptor was immediately shut down as the guest was transported to a local hospital. The ride remained closed for the remainder of the day, reopening the next afternoon after a thorough inspection was completed. The guest was later released from the hospital.[16]

On June 21, 2015, a 37-year-old man's leg was gashed by the ride's loading platform gates. He was taken to a local hospital where his wound was sutured.[17]

On August 13, 2015, a 45-year-old man was struck by a moving train after entering the ride's restricted area to retrieve a cell phone he lost while riding. He was pronounced dead on scene shortly after paramedics' arrival. The ride was immediately closed for inspection and reopened the next day.[18]

Awards

[edit]

Amusement Today magazine's Golden Ticket Awards ranked Raptor among the top 50 steel coasters in the world every year from 1998 to 2014.

Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2016 2021
Ranking 6[19] 6[20] 5[21] 8[22] 12[23] 10[24] 10[25] 11[26] 14[27] 19[28] 22 (tie)[29] 22[30] 24 (tie)[31] 18[32] 31[33] 30[34] 47[35] 47[36] 48 (tie)[37]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Raptor". AmericaCoasters.com. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
  2. ^ Helbig, Don (April 19, 2024). "Raptor roller coaster turns 30". Sandusky Register. The Sandusky Register. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  3. ^ "Raptor Promotional Video". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  4. ^ "Raptor Trademark". Legal Force. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  5. ^ "PointBuzz Timeline". PointBuzz. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d "Cedar Point Raptor Construction/Documentary". Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  7. ^ Carr, Donald (May 7, 1994). "Riders get carried away with Cedar Point's Raptor". Toledo Blade. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c Marden, Duane. "Raptor  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  9. ^ "Raptor POV". Cedar Point. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  10. ^ "Raptor at Ultimate Roller Coaster". Ultimate Roller Coaster. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  11. ^ Clark, Tony (October 6, 2015). "More 2016 Improvements". Cedar Point. Archived from the original on October 6, 2015. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
  12. ^ Tassel, Russel. "Raptor at Coaster-Net". Coaster-Net. Archived from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  13. ^ a b c "Ride Policies and Procedures". 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  14. ^ "Rider Height Requirements". Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  15. ^ "Guests with Special Needs". Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
  16. ^ "Cedar Point incident closes Raptor briefly". The Point Online. July 6, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  17. ^ Cedar Point injury leaves man with leg full of stitches | fox8.com Archived July 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Golston, Hilary. "Cedar Point: Stark County man struck, killed by Raptor coaster". wkyc.com. WKYC-TV. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  19. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1998.
  20. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1999.
  21. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. August 2000.
  22. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  23. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  24. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 14–15B. September 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  25. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 18–19B. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2007.
  26. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 26–27B. September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raptor (Cedar Point).
Preceded by World's tallest inverted roller coaster
May 1994–May 1996 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World's fastest inverted roller coaster
May 1994–May 1996 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World's longest inverted roller coaster
May 1994–May 1996 		Succeeded by
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