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{{Short description|Advocacy group (1900–)}}
{{Articleissues
{{For|similar organisations in other nations|Navy League (disambiguation){{!}}Navy League}}
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{{Redirect|Australian Sea Cadet Corps|the current organisation|Australian Navy Cadets}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
The '''Navy League of Australia''' is an Australian organisation and [[advocacy group]] dedicated to creating interest in [[sea|maritime]] and [[naval]] matters, particularly those relating to the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN) and the [[Australian Merchant Navy]].


The Navy League of Australia was established in November 1900 as the Australian branch of the [[Marine Society & Sea Cadets|United Kingdom Navy League]].<ref name=Sto277>Stojanovich, in Oldham, ''100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy'', p. 277</ref> State-level sub-branches were combined under a federal body in 1939, and in 1950, the Navy League of Australia began to operate independently of its British parent.<ref name=Sto277/><ref name=OxCom382>Dennis et al., ''The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History'', p. 382</ref>
== Early History of the Navy League of Australia & the Sea Cadets ==


The organisation's main aims are to promote the ideas of a strong navy and merchant navy to Australian people, politicians, and the media, support organisations and industries that work towards improving and maintaining the maritime and defence industries, and promoting an interest in maritime matters.<ref>Stojanovich, in Oldham, ''100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy'', pp. 277–8</ref> In 1920, the New South Wales branch of the Navy League established a [[Sea Cadets|cadet-training organisation]], the ''Navy League Sea Cadet Corps''.{{citation needed|date=September 2010}} This operated until 1950, when the ''Australian Sea Cadet Corps'' was formed, operated by the Navy League with support from the [[Royal Australian Navy]]. In 1973 the Australian Sea Cadet Corps was merged with the ''RANR Cadets'' operated by the [[Royal Australian Navy Reserve|RAN Reserve]] to form the [[Australian Navy Cadets|Naval Reserve Cadets]] (NRC).<ref>History – Australian Navy Cadets (ANC Official Website) [http://www.navycadets.gov.au/].</ref> In 2000 the NRC was renamed as the ''Australian Navy Cadets'' (ANC), and although operated by the RAN, the Navy League continues to support and assist the ANC.<ref name=Sto278/>
'''The Navy League’s birth.'''
The Navy League’s birth was due to the initiative of Englishman, Robert Verburgh from [[Blackburn, Lancashire]]. His drive led to the eventual formation of this body at a public meeting held in London on 17 January, 1895.


==Publication==
The [[Crimean War]] was then forty years in the past but new wars and rumours of wars, saw the Atlantic and Pacific rim nations, jostling for territory and wealth.
A quarterly journal titled '''''The Navy''''' has been published continuously by the Navy League of Australia since 1938, with a predecessor publication published between 1920 and 1932.<ref name=Sto278>Stojanovich, in Oldham, ''100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy'', p. 278</ref><ref>[https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2196498 The Navy catalogue entry] [[National Library of Australia]]</ref>
1895 was a special year in the twenty year period up to 1900 during which Africa had been colonised under the ‘first come first served’ principle of imperialism as nations, with a taste for Empire, acquired {{convert|240000|sqmi|km2}} of territory. By 1914 they had jointly succeeded in forcefully colonising 560 million people. There were many variations of imperialism - Britain protecting its sea routes to India, Russia wanting warm water ports, the US looking to exert its influence in the Latin American States and the Caribbean region, and France wanting a return to the glory days of the Napoleonic era.


==Citations==
Greater awareness of need for self protection saw tensions between imperialist powers lead to conflicts - Britain vs France over control of the Nile in 1898, British colonial vs Dutch settlers in Boer War of 1898-1902, the US vs Spanish war of 1898, the Russo - Japanese war of 1904-5, Germany vs France confrontation in 1911 over control of Morocco. These international skirmishes led to general re-armament.
{{reflist}}


==References==
'''Navy League Objective'''
*{{cite book |last=Dennis |first=Peter |author2=Grey, Jeffrey |author3=Morris, Ewan |author4= Prior, Robin |title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=South Melbourne|date=2008 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-19-551784-2 |oclc=271822831}}
British citizens founded the Navy League of Britain to give urgent voice in support of Empire issues, current and future. The Navy League’s objective was “strictly non-political organisation that would urge upon Government and the Electorate the paramount importance of an adequate Navy as the best guarantee of Peace". During the next six months they published “The Navy League Journal” and produced the ‘Naval Review’ as the official organ and mouthpiece of the Navy League. It subsequently changed its name to “The Navy” and only ceased when Navy League in England ceased to function in 1995. Their UK Sea Cadet Association continued their historic role.
*{{cite book |last=Stojanovich |first=Dan |chapter=The Navy - A Celebrated, Proud and Caring Family |title=100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy |editor=Oldham, Charles |publisher=Faircount Media Group |location=Bondi Junction|date=2011 |url=http://www.nxtbook.com/faircount/RoyalAustralianNavy/RAN100/index.php |access-date=20 June 2011 |oclc=741711418}}


==External links==
'''Navy League Branches - International'''
*[http://www.navyleague.org.au/ Navy League of Australia website]
Navy League Branches had been established throughout the British Empire at Cape Town, Natal, Toronto, Malta, Hong Kong, Canada 1895, Australia 1900, New Zealand 1896, British Columbia and Shanghai. Within five years fifty-three Branches had been formed.
In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt founded the Navy League of the United States some seven years after Canada, as an independent body not associated with the Navy League in Britain, but obviously considering it to be a worthwhile objective.

== Navy League in Australia ==
After Australian colonies joined to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 branches of the Navy League were established in:

'''Victoria''' August 1915 (The NLSCC [Navy League Sea Cadet Corps] started in Geelong in the late 1920s–“TS Barwon”, research indicating that other NLSCC branches were formed in Victoria in the mid to late 1920s)

'''South Australia''' c1916-17 (first NLSCC in 1957)

'''New South Wales''' November 1918 ( first NLSCC in Australia Nov 1920, Balmain Company)

'''1950''' - Navy League of Australia becomes a Company Limited by Guarantee, and the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps (NLSCC) was renamed Australian Sea Cadet Corps (ASCC).

'''Western Australia''' 1952 (first NL-ASCC in 1952)

'''Queensland''' c1953 (first NL-ASCC in July 1954)

'''Northern Territory''' c1990 - 1992

'''1973''' January - ASCCadets (2000 strong) merged with the RAN’s Naval Reserve Cadets (c200 strong) into a new Naval Reserve Cadet (NRC) organisation, under sole RAN patronage. In 2001 the name changed back to Australian Navy Cadets (ANC), the Australian Navy’s name used for its cadets from 1 July 1907 when they first started training in Williamstown, Victoria.
'''‘The Navy League Journal’ in Australia 1920''' -

In 1920 the Navy League’s NSW Branch published the world’s third only Navy League Journal, after Canada (The Sailor) and the UK (The Navy). NSW simultaneously started the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps (NLSCC).

== NAVY LEAGUE SEA CADET CORPS (NLSCC) ==
'''Origin of Sea Cadets'''

In 1856, at the conclusion of the Crimean War, sailors returning home formed a Naval Lads Brigade to help orphans in the back streets of British ports . By the turn of the century the British Mercantile marine was mainly manned by foreign seamen and so the Navy League established sea training schools for boys interested in the sea, at Windsor, Eton and Liverpool, in order to place them in the Navy and Merchant Marine. The Sea Cadet Corps was born.” By 1910 the UK Navy League adopted the Naval Lads Brigades and in 1914, Admiralty agreed to sponsor them . Sea Cadets went on to serve with distinction during the two world wars. “In the second world war the corps provided communicators for the fleet, with their Units receiving a “bounty” for every trained signalman who went to sea. They were known as “Bounty Boys”. Tradition still lives on for Sea Cadet Officers wear the wavy lace insignia of the 1939-1945 wartime Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve - the heroes of the Atlantic.”

'''Australian Sea Cadets'''

The NSW Navy League Branch in 1920 stated that “when possible the NSW Branch of the Navy League (preferably in conjunction with other Branches of the League throughout the Commonwealth and the Dominion of New Zealand) hopes to be able to embark on a scheme of … Service for boys on similar lines to the organisations in England and Canada which are known as the “Navy League Sea Cadet Corps. Within a month of determining that a Sea Cadet unit was to be started the Navy League’s NSW Branch received six hundred applications. These were from boys of the surrounding districts eager to enter the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps. Three hundred passed the medical and were enrolled; one hundred (the limit of the Navy League’s current training capacity) commenced training. Three months later first unit of Navy League Cadets was launched with seven voluntary instructors, an Hon. Chaplain, Medical Officer, Surgeon Dentist and 52 Cadets, the boys to have a fully qualified physical instructor, regular course of weekend training, illustrated lectures on the Royal Navy history, the Mercantile Marine and subjects on sport. By September 1921 premises at corner of Grove Street and Wharf Rd., Snail’s Bay, Balmain were obtained for use as a Training Depot, the first Navy League Sea Cadet training depot opened in Australia. The Royal Australian Navy loaned a training cutter to the Cadets for training.

'''1922'''

January - a third Navy League Sea Cadet Unit was formed at Drummoyne. The North Sydney Cadets trained in St Peter’s School Hall, Lavender bay, North Sydney. The Richmond Corps trained in the Drill Hall, Windsor Road, Richmond. In the first 18 months four Sea Cadet Units were formed at Balmain, North Sydney, Richmond and Drummoyne.

'''1923'''

The Navy abolished the left-handed personal salute of a Naval rating when meeting an Officer. Salutes from that time were only to be made with the right hand, officers saluting seniors are to follow the same rule .

The Navy League NSW Branch, opened the first Navy League owned Sea Cadet depot in Australia - the Parramatta River Sea Cadet Depot. Other depots had been established by lease or good will.

A new Sea Cadet company ‘Concord’ was established. There were now five Companies, Balmain, Drummoyne, North Sydney, Concord and Richmond.

October - sixth Sea Cadet unit formed at Windsor, NSW.

'''1924'''

Lane Cove Company, the eighth Navy League Sea Cadet Company, formed.

'''1925'''

March another Sub-Branch and Sea Cadet Company was formed at Rose Bay, the ninth.

'''1973'''

The Corps reached nearly 2500 cadets when the Royal Australian Navy and the Navy League agreed to the RAN becoming the Cadets sole sponsor from January 1973, just 53 years after the Navy League NSW Branch had started the first Sea Cadet Company.

'''Summary of Navy League Sea Cadet Corps (NLSCC) - from 1920'''

'''1920''' - 1929: Balmain Company formed, Snail’s Bay - first Navy League Sea Cadet Company formed in Australia. (see Birchgrove Company for continuation)

'''1921''' - North Sydney Company formed, NL Sea Cadets NSW (50 cadets in 1938), 2060. The Council in 1929 gave them their hall rent free.

'''1921-2''' - Drummoyne Company formed in 1921 and reported in January 1922 as “proceeding satisfactorily”. (training depot later named “Sydney”``after the RAN cruiser).

'''1923''' May - Richmond Company formed.

- Concord Company formed.

'''1924''' September - Lane Cove Company formed.

'''1925''' March - Rose Bay Company formed.

April - ‘Eastern Suburbs District’ formed - HQ at Clovelly Company, plus Rose Bay Company.

'''1926''', Birchgrove Company, formed from the Balmain Company by splitting the large Company into two.

'''1927''' July -, Eastern Suburbs (“Nelson”) Company formed, NL Sea Cadets NSW, (otherwise known as Elizabeth Bay.)

Feb. Mosman Bay Company formed

'''1928''' April-June - Middle Harbour Company formed. After 15 months its listing ceased, possibly forming part of the Manly Company.

July - Manly Company formed

September - Balgowlah Company of NL Sea Cadets NSW, 2093, formed.

September - Leichhardt Company formed, NL Sea Cadets NSW, 2040

November - 2nd Mosman Bay Company formed.

'''1929''' January - Cook’s River District Company formed, Woolwich Company formed. Balmain company absorbed by Birchgrove .

'''1930''', September - Lane Cove Company absorbed by Woolwich Company. Greenwich Company formed (Parramatta River) (Berry Island Depot?). Auburn Company Formed (Parramatta River). Artarmon Company Cadets plan to use Berry Island as their depot

August - Elizabeth Bay Company formed. It was divided into Seniors and Juniors to more efficiently train the Cadets in more relevant age groupings. (also known as Eastern Suburbs Company.)

Jervis Bay Company formed 1930’s - ‘Cook’s River in common with some of the other League Units, is being adversely affected by the prevailing financial depression. Progress is not likely until the advent of more favourable times’.

July - Vaucluse Company formed . Depot later located at Signal House, near Signal Station.

Oct. - Newcastle & District Company formed by Rev’d. McCulloch, NL Sea Cadets NSW, 2300

'''1931''' Mar. - CAPT W.W. Beale leaves for England with his family. CAPT Beale, founder of the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps movement in Australia, was also the Navy League’s Journal Editor since its inception in 1920. From the time of his departure an acting-Editor took over and the March 1931 edition has no Volume or issue number and is entirely devoted to Cadets and for the first time the words “NAVY LEAGUE SEA CADET JOURNAL” appears across the top of each page. From this time it became a quarterly magazine. CAPT Beale did return to Australia for in 1949 he was again listed as Secretary of Navy League, New South Wales Branch.
At this point in time it was recorded that there were 10 NLSC Companies .

June - 16 NL Sea Cadet Companies exist with two more being formed at Seven Hills and Lismore.

- Lismore Company formed. Victory Company, Seven Hills formed.

September - NLSCJ records that Victoria is about to launch out (in forming NLSC Companies)

'''December''' - Snapper Island, within a stone’s throw of Cockatoo Dock and Spectacle Island has been leased for 15 years as the “Sydney” training depot of the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps, NSW. The island is now being levelled off, in order to re-erect the three-storied signal station, 85ft.x45ft. now standing on 47 Carey St., Drummoyne together with the amateur transmitting station which has been in operation for the last three years. Tennis courts, swimming baths and miniature rifle ranges will be installed. Accommodation for 150 boys will be provided, double the present number training at the old depot. The depot maintains a fleet of 9 boats, including two motor launches, value £1,750. The lease will cost £2 per annum versus £100 at present depot. The new depot would be a memorial to HMAS Sydney.

Formation details of following Sea Cadet Companies is not known:

1920s - St Peter’s school Company NSW

c1932-38 - Fairlight NL Sea Cadet Company of NSW (disbanded - cadets joined North Sydney about August 1938),

c1932-38, ‘Victory’ Training Depot Company, NL Sea Cadets NSW, ?

'''NLSCC Regions:'''

No.1 region - (1929 Sep) - Eastern Suburbs (August 1930), Birchgrove, Leichardt.

No.2 region - Mosman, North Sydney, Balgowlah.

No.3 region - Artarmon

No.4 region - New Cadet Company March 1930

No.5 region - (1929 Sep), Drummoyne (“Sydney”), Woolwich, and Auburn Companies.

No.6 region - Manly

No.7 region -

No.8 region -

According to RAN Records 36 NLSCC units were formed 1932 (1), 1947 - 1971 (35), the second group over 24 years.

After the 1939-45 war the RAN’s Australian Navy Cadet units were re-established in January 1950, whereas the Navy League’s Unts had operated throughout the war, but at reduced strengths. Many Cadet Units struggled or went into voluntary recess during the 1939-45 war period as volunteer instructors became scarce or were required for defence work or serve in the defence force. Immediately after the war the Navy League, in 1946, restarted Companies with new staff, new names, new groupings of Cadets and new depots as the war years removed the experience of those who had previously volunteered creating a vacuum which older cadets tried to overcome.
Edited and collated from notes by CMDR John M Wilkins RFD RANR Ret’d;

==Bibliography==
NLJ = Navy League Journal of New South Wales

NLSCJ = Navy League Sea Cadet Journal of New South Wales

NLJNS = Navy League Journal of NSW New Series commencing 1938.

TN = ’The Navy’

*1.NLJ Vol.1 No.6 September 1920, p18
*2.NLUS Website: 28 October2000
*3.Email Notes from Bill Tully (National Library)
*4.ibid
*5.NLJ Vol.8 No.10 February 1928. P10
*6. Cmdr F.G.Evans MSS notes October 2000.
*7.UK Sea Cadet Website: 29 September 2000
*8.UK NL Year Book & Diary 1955, p253
*9.UK Sea Cadet Website: ibid
*10.Ibid
*11.NLJ Vol.1 No.3 June 1920
*12.NLJ Vol.1 No.11 February 1921, Photo of recruiting line up and NL flag, p11
*13.NLJ Vol.1 No.6 September 1920
*14.NLJ Vol.2 No.2 June 1921 p18
*15.NLJ Vol.2 No.9 January 1922, p 12
*16.NLJ Vol.3 No.5 September 1922, p18
*17.NLJ Vol.4 No.1 May 1923, p5
*18.NLJ Vol.5 No.11 March 1925, p22
*19.NLJ Vol.10 No.12 April 1930, p18
*20.NLJ Vol.2 No.9 Jan 1922, p12
*21.NLJ Vol.11 No.7 Nov. 1930, p8
*22.NLJ Vol.4 No.1 1923 May, p18
*23.NLJ Vol.4 No.1 May 1923, p19
*24.NLJ Vol.5 No.6 1924 Oct, p18
*25.NLJ Vol.5 No.11 1925 August, p18
*26.NLJ Vol.5 No.12 1925 April, p18
*27.NLJ Vol.10 No.12 April 1930, p13
*28.NLSCJ December 1931, p17
*29.NLJ Vol.9 No.9 Jan 1929, p24
*30.NLJ Vol.11 No.3 July 1930, p13
*31.NLJ Vol.9 No.9 Jan 1929, p16
*32.NLJ Vol.9 No.9 Jan 1929, p16
*33.NLJ Vol.9 No.9 Jan 1929, p16
*34.NLJ Vol.10 No.4 Aug 1929, p14
*35.NLJ Vol.10 No.12 April 1930, p13
*36.NLJ Vol.10 No.12 April 1930, p14
*37.NLJ Vol.11 No.3 July 1930, p11
*38.NLSCJ December 1931, p17
*39.NLJ Vol.11 No.6 Oct. 1930, p8
*40.TN Vol.12 No.5 May 1949, p5
*41.NLSCJ September 1931, p17
*42.NLSCJ June 1931, p13
*43.NLSCJ June 1931, p13
*44.NLSCJ June 1931, p13
*45.NLSCJ September 1931, p17
*46.NLSCJ December 1931, p14
*47.NLJ Vol.11 No.4 1930 August, p8
*48.NLJ Vol.11 No.6 October 1930, p10
*49.NLJ Vol.10 NO.3 July 1929, p17
*50.NLJ Vol.10 No.11 Mar 1930, p12
*51.NLJ Vol.11 No.4 1930 August, p8
*52.NLJ Vol.11 No.4 1930 August, p8
*53.Original Charter of Navy League held by Tasmanian Division
*54.The Navy Year Book and Diary 1955 extract pp245-253
*55.The Navy League Journal No.1 July 1895
*56.The ‘Journal of the Navy League - NSW Branch’ Vols.1 - 10; 1920–1932, 1938 - 1947
*57.‘The Navy’ journal 1947–2005
*58.Wilkins, John M RFD*, Australian Naval Reserves 1859-2006.


{{Portal bar|Australia|Royal Australian Navy}}
{{Royal Australian Navy}}
{{Naval cadets}}
{{Naval cadets}}


[[Category:Naval Cadet organisations]]
[[Category:Naval Cadet organisations]]
[[Category:Political advocacy groups in Australia]]
[[Category:Royal Australian Navy]]
[[Category:1900 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1900]]

Latest revision as of 05:29, 4 November 2024

For similar organisations in other nations, see Navy League.
"Australian Sea Cadet Corps" redirects here. For the current organisation, see Australian Navy Cadets.

The Navy League of Australia is an Australian organisation and advocacy group dedicated to creating interest in maritime and naval matters, particularly those relating to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Australian Merchant Navy.

The Navy League of Australia was established in November 1900 as the Australian branch of the United Kingdom Navy League.[1] State-level sub-branches were combined under a federal body in 1939, and in 1950, the Navy League of Australia began to operate independently of its British parent.[1][2]

The organisation's main aims are to promote the ideas of a strong navy and merchant navy to Australian people, politicians, and the media, support organisations and industries that work towards improving and maintaining the maritime and defence industries, and promoting an interest in maritime matters.[3] In 1920, the New South Wales branch of the Navy League established a cadet-training organisation, the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps.[citation needed] This operated until 1950, when the Australian Sea Cadet Corps was formed, operated by the Navy League with support from the Royal Australian Navy. In 1973 the Australian Sea Cadet Corps was merged with the RANR Cadets operated by the RAN Reserve to form the Naval Reserve Cadets (NRC).[4] In 2000 the NRC was renamed as the Australian Navy Cadets (ANC), and although operated by the RAN, the Navy League continues to support and assist the ANC.[5]

Publication

[edit]

A quarterly journal titled The Navy has been published continuously by the Navy League of Australia since 1938, with a predecessor publication published between 1920 and 1932.[5][6]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Stojanovich, in Oldham, 100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy, p. 277
  2. ^ Dennis et al., The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History, p. 382
  3. ^ Stojanovich, in Oldham, 100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy, pp. 277–8
  4. ^ History – Australian Navy Cadets (ANC Official Website) [1].
  5. ^ a b Stojanovich, in Oldham, 100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy, p. 278
  6. ^ The Navy catalogue entry National Library of Australia

References

[edit]
  • Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (2nd ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2. OCLC 271822831.
  • Stojanovich, Dan (2011). "The Navy - A Celebrated, Proud and Caring Family". In Oldham, Charles (ed.). 100 Years of the Royal Australian Navy. Bondi Junction: Faircount Media Group. OCLC 741711418. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
[edit]
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