Ann Timothy: Difference between revisions

Ann Timothy
Ann Timothy
Born	Ann Donovan; circa 1727
Died	September 11, 1792; Charleston, South Carolina, US
Nationality	American
Occupation	Newspaper publisher
Known for	One of the few women newspaper printers in Colonial America
Spouse	Peter Timothy
Relatives	Elizabeth Timothy (mother-in-law)

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Ann Timothy (ca. 1727–September 11, 1792) was a newspaper publisher from South Carolina. She worked alongside her husband until his death in 1782, and after she had published by herself for years, she became the official printer for the state of South Carolina.

Personal life

Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.^[1]^[b] She married Peter Timothy on December 8, 1745 in Charleston, South Carolina.^[1] Peter was the son of Elizabeth Timothy who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.^[5] Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, but seven of whom died as infants.^[5]^[c] Their children include Elizabeth–Ann and Frances–Claudia, who were on their own or married by 1780. The remaining children at that time were Anne, Sarah, Robert, Sarah, and Benjamin Franklin.^[10]

Career

Timothy and her husband took over publishing the South Carolina Gazette from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.^[5] Peter wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."^[9] After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.^[9] There were intermittent periods where the newspaper was not printed, such as the destruction of the printing press due to fire.^[11]

After the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, Peter printed broadside copies of the Declaration which were then hung in public places. To show his support, but also to identify himself as a revolutionary, Peter took the singular step by printers across the country to add “CHARLES-TOWN, Printed by PETER TIMOTHY” at the bottom of the document.^[12]

In February 1780, the newspaper was suspended as the British approached the city for what became the Siege of Charleston from March 29, 1780 to May 12, 1780.^[11] Peter was subsequently captured and exiled to a prison in St. Augustine, Florida for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath. He was unable to return to Charleston.^[13]

Peter set sail for Santo Domingo^[5] within the West Indies in 1782,^[13] Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter in Philadelphia, intending to travel to Antigua to visit one of his daughters. They perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.^[13] Peter and Ann's surviving children at that point were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.^[13]

Timothy resumed operating the newspaper on July 16, 1783, after the death of Peter, upon the removal of the British from the city, and after peace was restored.^[5]^[11] The newspaper operated out of the John Lining House at 106 Broad Street from 1783 to 1793.^[14]^[d] From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.^[5] Timothy was said in death notices to be very worthy and valuable.^[4] Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business^[9] with the September 20, 1792 edition.^[11]

Legacy

She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the American Revolution.^[15] Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, Elizabeth Timothy.^[16] It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.^[16] There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.^[16] According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."^[15]^[17]

References

Notes

^ Her date of death was reported as "yesterday" (September 11, 1792) in a newspaper dated September 12, 1792.^[2]^[3] Her date of death was also reported on October 11, 1792 in various American newspapers, without a date of death. She died at about 65 years of age in Charleston, South Carolina.^[4]
^ She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,^[5] and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,^[1] who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.^[6] A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728–1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.^[7] A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.^[8]
^ Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.^[9]
^ An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.^[14]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Humphrey, Carol Ann (2000). "Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0101146. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^ Webber, M (1920). "Marriage and Death Notices from the City Gazette". The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. 21 (3): 128. JSTOR 27569532. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^ Olsen, Kirstin (1994). Chronology of Women's History. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-313-28803-6.
^ ^a ^b "Mrs Ann Timothy", U.S., Newspaper Extractions from the Northeast, 1704-1930
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Appleby, Joyce; Chang, Eileen; Goodwin, Neva (July 17, 2015). Encyclopedia of Women in American History. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-317-47162-2.
^ Filby, P. William, ed. (2012), "Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698", Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Research, p. 73
^ "Daniel Donavan", South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts, Charleston County, South Carolina
^ A. S. Salley, Jr., ed. (1904). "Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness" (PDF). The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 5. Charleston, South Carolina: South Carolina Historical Society. p. 220. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772". founders.archives.gov. August 24, 1772. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^ Charleston County (South Carolina) Wills and Probate Records 1670-1980, Charleston, South Carolina, I Peter Timothy of Charles town in South Carolina, being advanced in Years, and involved in all the Perils of a Siege, by an Enemy who do not promise to exercise all that Humanity distinguishes a generous Foe, and being also of sound Mind and Memory, but compelled in my later Days to share the Fate of a retreating Army — do make and declare this to be my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all of any former Wills or Will made by me made, that may be found after my Decease — that is to say — ALL the property I have in the World of whatever kind, I leave and bequeath to be divided and distributed between my beloved Wife Anne (in whose prudent Conduct I have the most perfect confidence) and my following children, Anne, Sarah, Robert, Sarah, and Benjamin Franklin, at her Discretion entirely — I have omitted my beloved Daughters Elizabeth–Anne and Frances–Claudia, not because less dear to me, but because the Fire in 1778, and my uniform political Conduct has not left me the Means to make that Provision I could wish for all; and because one has Property to live on, and the other has a Husband who I hope will take that Care of here, which becomes him... April 22, 1780.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Brigham, Clarence S. (October 1924). "Part XVI: South Carolina". American Antiquarian Society Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820. p. 276.
^ Gilder Lehrman staff (July 4, 2019). "The Declaration of Independence of Peter Timothy: Printer, Prisoner, and Patriot". www.gilderlehrman.org. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d King, Martha J. (June 28, 2016). "Timothy, Peter". South Carolina Encyclopedia, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy)". Historic Charleston Foundation. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution". Appleton, Wisconsin: The Appleton Crescent. February 12, 1898. p. 7 – via newspapers.com.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sanders, Beverly; American Federation of Teachers (June 2, 1980). "Book One Women In the Colonial Era and The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820" (PDF). Women in American History: A Series. p. 32.
^ "Helped the Colonial Cause". Kenosha News. March 12, 1898. p. 2. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

Further reading

Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. Vol. 16. New York: H.W. Wilson Co. 1990.
"Founders Online: VII. Contingent Expenses of the Department of State, 1790–1793". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved March 5, 2021. — Cash payments for publishing laws.
"Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from William Goddard, 11 September 1790". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved March 6, 2021. — Coordination with a number of printers
Ireland, Norma Olin (1988). Index to Women of the World from Ancient to Modern Times: A Supplement. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
McKerns Joseph P., ed. (1989). Biographical Dictionary of American Journalism. New York: Greenwood Press.

[5] Her date of death was reported as "yesterday" (September 11, 1792) in a newspaper dated September 12, 1792.^[2]^[3] Her date of death was also reported on October 11, 1792 in various American newspapers, without a date of death. She died at about 65 years of age in Charleston, South Carolina.^[4]

[10] She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,^[5] and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,^[1] who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.^[6] A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728–1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.^[7] A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.^[8]

[12] Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.^[9]

[18] An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.^[14]

[Humphrey-1] Humphrey, Carol Ann (2000). "Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0101146. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

[2] Webber, M (1920). "Marriage and Death Notices from the City Gazette". The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. 21 (3): 128. JSTOR 27569532. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

[3] Olsen, Kirstin (1994). Chronology of Women's History. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-313-28803-6.

[Death-4] "Mrs Ann Timothy", U.S., Newspaper Extractions from the Northeast, 1704-1930

[Appleby-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Appleby, Joyce; Chang, Eileen; Goodwin, Neva (July 17, 2015). Encyclopedia of Women in American History. Routledge. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-317-47162-2.

[7] Filby, P. William, ed. (2012), "Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698", Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s, Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Research, p. 73

[8] "Daniel Donavan", South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts, Charleston County, South Carolina

[9] A. S. Salley, Jr., ed. (1904). "Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness" (PDF). The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine. Vol. 5. Charleston, South Carolina: South Carolina Historical Society. p. 220. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

[Founders-11] "Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772". founders.archives.gov. August 24, 1772. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

[13] Charleston County (South Carolina) Wills and Probate Records 1670-1980, Charleston, South Carolina, I Peter Timothy of Charles town in South Carolina, being advanced in Years, and involved in all the Perils of a Siege, by an Enemy who do not promise to exercise all that Humanity distinguishes a generous Foe, and being also of sound Mind and Memory, but compelled in my later Days to share the Fate of a retreating Army — do make and declare this to be my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all of any former Wills or Will made by me made, that may be found after my Decease — that is to say — ALL the property I have in the World of whatever kind, I leave and bequeath to be divided and distributed between my beloved Wife Anne (in whose prudent Conduct I have the most perfect confidence) and my following children, Anne, Sarah, Robert, Sarah, and Benjamin Franklin, at her Discretion entirely — I have omitted my beloved Daughters Elizabeth–Anne and Frances–Claudia, not because less dear to me, but because the Fire in 1778, and my uniform political Conduct has not left me the Means to make that Provision I could wish for all; and because one has Property to live on, and the other has a Husband who I hope will take that Care of here, which becomes him... April 22, 1780.

[Brigham-14] Brigham, Clarence S. (October 1924). "Part XVI: South Carolina". American Antiquarian Society Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820. p. 276.

[Gilderlehrman-15] Gilder Lehrman staff (July 4, 2019). "The Declaration of Independence of Peter Timothy: Printer, Prisoner, and Patriot". www.gilderlehrman.org. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved March 6, 2021.

[SCE-16] King, Martha J. (June 28, 2016). "Timothy, Peter". South Carolina Encyclopedia, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

[Lining-17] "106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy)". Historic Charleston Foundation. Retrieved March 4, 2021.

[Appleton-19] "Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution". Appleton, Wisconsin: The Appleton Crescent. February 12, 1898. p. 7 – via newspapers.com.

[Colonial_Women-20] Sanders, Beverly; American Federation of Teachers (June 2, 1980). "Book One Women In the Colonial Era and The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820" (PDF). Women in American History: A Series. p. 32.

[21] "Helped the Colonial Cause". Kenosha News. March 12, 1898. p. 2. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 | caption       =
 | birth_name    = Ann Donovan
+| birth_date    = circa 1727
-| birth_date    = circa 1727<!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->
+| death_date    = {{Death date|1792|09|11}}<ref name="Humphrey" />{{efn|Her date of death was reported as "yesterday" (September 11, 1792) in a newspaper dated September 12, 1792.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Webber |first= M |date=1920| title=Marriage and Death Notices from the City Gazette |journal= The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine |volume=21 |number=3 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |url= http://www.jstor.org/stable/27569532   |page=128|jstor= 27569532 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Olsen |first=Kirstin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFY3CxmHk4cC&pg=PA88 |title=Chronology of Women's History |date=1994 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-28803-6 |page=88 |language=en}}</ref> Her date of death was also reported on October 11, 1792 in various American newspapers, without a date of death. She died at about 65 years of age in Charleston, South Carolina.<ref name="Death">{{citation|title=Mrs Ann Timothy |work=U.S., Newspaper Extractions from the Northeast, 1704-1930}}</ref>}}
-| birth_place   =
+| death_place   = Charleston, South Carolina, US
-| death_date    = {{Death date|1792|09|09}}
-| death_place   =
 | nationality   = American
 | other_names   =
@@ Line 18: / Line 17: @@
 | notable_works =
 }}
-'''Ann Timothy''' (ca. 1727&ndash;September 11, 1792) was a newspaper publisher from South Carolina. She worked alongside her husband until his death in 1782, and then received the coveted position of official printer for the state of South Carolina.
+'''Ann Timothy''' (ca. 1727&ndash;September 11, 1792) was a newspaper publisher from South Carolina. She worked alongside her husband until his death in 1782, and after she had published by herself for years, she became the official printer for the state of South Carolina.
 ==Personal life==
-Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.<ref name="Humphrey">{{Cite web |last=Humphrey |first=Carol Ann |title=Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=American National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146}}</ref>{{efn|She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,<ref name="Appleby" /> and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,<ref name="Humphrey" /> who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698|page=73 |editor-last=Filby |editor-first=P. William |work=Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |publisher= Gale Research |date=2012}}</ref> A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728&ndash;1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donavan |location=Charleston County, South Carolina |work=South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts }}</ref> A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.carolana.com/SC/eBooks/SCHGM/The_South_Carolina_Historical_and_Genealogical_Magazine_Volume_V.pdf|date=1904 |title=Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness |magazine=The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine | publisher=South Carolina Historical Society | location=Charleston, South Carolina |editor=A. S. Salley, Jr. |volume=5 |page=220 |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>}} She married [[Peter Timothy]] on December 8, 1745 in [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="Humphrey" /> Peter was the son of [[Elizabeth Timothy]] who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.<ref name="Appleby" /> Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, with seven of the children dying as infants.<ref name="Appleby" />{{efn|Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.<ref name="Founders" />}}
+Ann Donovan was born circa 1727.<ref name="Humphrey">{{Cite web |last=Humphrey |first=Carol Ann |title=Timothy, Ann (1727?–11 September 1792), newspaper printer |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-0101146 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=American National Biography |year=2000 |language=en |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0101146|isbn=978-0-19-860669-7 }}</ref>{{efn|She may have been born in Charleston, South Carolina,<ref name="Appleby" /> and she may be related to Daniel Donovan,<ref name="Humphrey" /> who immigrated to the state between 1670 and 1698.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donovan, South Carolina immigrant, between 1670-1698|page=73 |editor-last=Filby |editor-first=P. William |work=Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |publisher= Gale Research |date=2012}}</ref> A Daniel Donavan's will was probated on February 14, 1728&ndash;1729 in Charleston, South Carolina. His household included his wife Ann, son Daniel, daughter Ann, and at least two enslaved women, both of whom were named Dinnah. One of the executors was Will Greenland, his brother. His other executors were his wife, Peter Cabe, and William Bellinger.<ref>{{citation|title=Daniel Donavan |location=Charleston County, South Carolina |work=South Carolina County, District and Probate Courts }}</ref> A Daniel Donovan was a witness to the will of Mary Izard in 1687.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.carolana.com/SC/eBooks/SCHGM/The_South_Carolina_Historical_and_Genealogical_Magazine_Volume_V.pdf|date=1904 |title=Mary Izard will, Daniel Donovan witness |magazine=The South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine | publisher=South Carolina Historical Society | location=Charleston, South Carolina |editor=A. S. Salley, Jr. |volume=5 |page=220 |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>}} She married [[Peter Timothy]] on December 8, 1745 in [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref name="Humphrey" /> Peter was the son of [[Elizabeth Timothy]] who operated the first permanent newspaper in South Carolina.<ref name="Appleby" /> Ann and Peter were believed to have had fifteen children, but seven of whom died as infants.<ref name="Appleby" />{{efn|Peter Timothy wrote to Benjamin Franklin in 1772 that he had lost eight sons to teething.<ref name="Founders" />}} Their children include Elizabeth–Ann and Frances–Claudia, who were on their own or married by 1780. The remaining children at that time were Anne, Sarah, Robert, Sarah, and Benjamin Franklin.<ref>{{citation| title=Charleston County (South Carolina) Wills and Probate Records 1670-1980 |location= Charleston, South Carolina |quote=I Peter Timothy of Charles town in South Carolina, being advanced in Years, and involved in all the Perils of a Siege, by an Enemy who do not promise to exercise all that Humanity distinguishes a generous Foe, and being also of sound Mind and Memory, but compelled in my later Days to share the Fate of a retreating Army — do make and declare this to be my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all of any former Wills or Will made by me made, that may be found after my Decease — that is to say — ALL the property I have in the World of whatever kind, I leave and bequeath to be divided and distributed between my beloved Wife Anne (in whose prudent Conduct I have the most perfect confidence) and my following children, Anne, Sarah, Robert, Sarah, and Benjamin Franklin, at her Discretion entirely — I have omitted my beloved Daughters Elizabeth–Anne and Frances–Claudia, not because less dear to me, but because the Fire in 1778, and my uniform political Conduct has not left me the Means to make that Provision I could wish for all; and because one has Property to live on, and the other has a Husband who I hope will take that Care of here, which becomes him... April 22, 1780.}}</ref>
-Peter set sail for [[Santo Domingo]]<ref name="Appleby" /> within the [[West Indies]] in 1782, after Peter was captured during the [[Siege of Charleston]], exiled to [[St. Augustine, Florida]] for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath, and was unable to return to Charleston.<ref name="SCE" /> Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter intending to travel to [[Antigua]] to visit one of his daughters. Family members perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.<ref name="SCE">{{Cite web |title=Timothy, Peter |language=en-US |url=https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/timothy-peter/ |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia |first=Martha J. |last=King |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> Their surviving children, were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.<ref name="SCE" />
 ==Career==
 [[File:Girls inspecting eighteenth century press.jpg|thumb|An eighteenth century printing press]]
-Timothy and her husband took over publishing the ''[[South Carolina Gazette]]'' from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.<ref name="Appleby">{{Cite book |last=Appleby |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwvCgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA193&dq=%2522Ann+Timothy%2522+Donovan&hl=en |title=Encyclopedia of Women in American History |last2=Chang |first2=Eileen |last3=Goodwin |first3=Neva |date=July 17, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47162-2 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> Peter wrote to [[Benjamin Franklin]] in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."<ref name="Founders">{{cite web |date=August 24, 1772 |title=Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-19-02-0186 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.<ref name="Founders" />
+Timothy and her husband took over publishing the ''[[South Carolina Gazette]]'' from Peter's mother, Elizabeth Timothy.<ref name="Appleby">{{Cite book |last1=Appleby |first1=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwvCgAAQBAJ&q=%2522Ann+Timothy%2522+Donovan&pg=PA193 |title=Encyclopedia of Women in American History |last2=Chang |first2=Eileen |last3=Goodwin |first3=Neva |date=July 17, 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-47162-2 |pages=193 |language=en}}</ref> Peter wrote to [[Benjamin Franklin]] in 1772 that he was unable to continue publishing due to poor eyesight. He announced that he had pursued other lines of business, and also suggested that he would welcome "any Employment in His Majesty’s Service, that will not degrade me, which any Friend may think me fit for or can procure by his Interest."<ref name="Founders">{{cite web |date=August 24, 1772 |title=Founders Online: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Timothy, 24 August 1772 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-19-02-0186 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> After a break from March 1772 to November 1773, Peter resumed running the printing business.<ref name="Founders" /> There were intermittent periods where the newspaper was not printed, such as the destruction of the printing press due to fire.<ref name="Brigham" />
+After the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] was signed in 1776, Peter printed [[Broadside (printing)|broadside]] copies of the Declaration which were then hung in public places. To show his support, but also to identify himself as a revolutionary, Peter took the singular step by printers across the country to add “CHARLES-TOWN, Printed by PETER TIMOTHY” at the bottom of the document.<ref name="Gilderlehrman">{{Cite web |last=Gilder Lehrman staff |date=July 4, 2019 |title=The Declaration of Independence of Peter Timothy: Printer, Prisoner, and Patriot | publisher= Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/news/declaration-independence-peter-timothy-printer-prisoner-and-patriot |access-date=March 6, 2021 |website=www.gilderlehrman.org}}</ref>
-Timothy continued to operate the newspaper after the presumed death of Peter.<ref name="Appleby" /> The newspaper operated out of the [[John Lining House]] at 106 [[Broad Street (Charleston, South Carolina)|Broad Street]] from 1783 to 1793.<ref name="Lining">{{Cite web |title=106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy) |url=https://charleston.pastperfectonline.com/archive/05E3E162-CD22-42F9-96B4-156744210337 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |website=Historic Charleston Foundation}}</ref>{{efn|An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.<ref name="Lining" />}} From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.<ref name="Appleby" /> Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business.<ref name="Founders" />
+In February 1780, the newspaper was suspended as the British approached the city for what became the [[Siege of Charleston]] from March 29, 1780 to May 12, 1780.<ref name="Brigham">{{Cite book |title=American Antiquarian Society Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690&ndash;1820 |chapter= Part XVI: South Carolina |last=Brigham |first=Clarence S. |date=October 1924 |pages=276}}</ref> Peter was subsequently captured and exiled to a prison in [[St. Augustine, Florida]] for ten months for failing to take the loyalty oath. He was unable to return to Charleston.<ref name="SCE" />
+Peter set sail for [[Santo Domingo]]<ref name="Appleby" /> within the [[West Indies]] in 1782,<ref name="SCE" />  Two of his daughters and a grandchild met up with Peter in Philadelphia, intending to travel to [[Antigua]] to visit one of his daughters. They perished during a storm off of the Delaware coast.<ref name="SCE">{{Cite web |title=Timothy, Peter |language=en-US |url=https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/timothy-peter/ |publisher=South Carolina Encyclopedia, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies |date=June 28, 2016 |first=Martha J. |last=King |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref> Peter and Ann's surviving children at that point were Sarah, Robert (disabled), and Benjamin Franklin Timothy.<ref name="SCE" />
+Timothy resumed operating the newspaper on July 16, 1783, after the death of Peter, upon the removal of the British from the city, and after peace was restored.<ref name="Appleby" /><ref name="Brigham" /> The newspaper operated out of the [[John Lining House]] at 106 [[Broad Street (Charleston, South Carolina)|Broad Street]] from 1783 to 1793.<ref name="Lining">{{Cite web |title=106 Broad Street (John Lining House a/k/a Poulnot's Pharmacy a/k/a Schwettman's Pharmacy) |url=https://charleston.pastperfectonline.com/archive/05E3E162-CD22-42F9-96B4-156744210337 |access-date=March 4, 2021 |website=Historic Charleston Foundation}}</ref>{{efn|An apothecary operated from the same building beginning in the 1780s.<ref name="Lining" />}} From 1785 to 1792, she was the official "Printer to the State. She worked until her death in 1792.<ref name="Appleby" /> Timothy was said in death notices to be very worthy and valuable.<ref name="Death" /> Her son, Benjamin Franklin Timothy, continued the family printing business<ref name="Founders" /> with the September 20, 1792 edition.<ref name="Brigham" />
 ==Legacy==
-She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="Appleton" /> Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, [[Elizabeth Timothy]].<ref name="Colonial Women" /> It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.<ref name="Colonial Women" /> There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.<ref name="Colonial Women">{{cite web| url= https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186340.pdf |work=Women in American History: A Series |title=Book One Women In the Colonial Era and the The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820 |first1=Beverly |last1=Sanders |last2=American Federation of Teachers |date=June 2, 1980 |page=32}}</ref>  According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."<ref name="Appleton">{{cite news |date=February 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693159/helped-the-colonial-cause-women-who/ |publisher=The Appleton Crescent |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |page=7 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause |pages=2 |work=Kenosha News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693224/helped-the-colonial-cause/ |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>
+She was one of a few women publishers before and shortly after the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="Appleton" /> Since printing was often a multi-generational family business, there were some printing families with two or more generations of women printers, which was the case with Timothy and her mother-in-law, [[Elizabeth Timothy]].<ref name="Colonial Women" /> It was often a financial necessity for widowed women in the printing profession to carry on the business.<ref name="Colonial Women" /> There were at least six women who were the official printers for various colonial governments, as Timothy did for the state of South Carolina.<ref name="Colonial Women">{{cite web| url= https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED186340.pdf |work=Women in American History: A Series |title=Book One Women In the Colonial Era and The Early American Republic 1607 - 1820 |first1=Beverly |last1=Sanders |last2=American Federation of Teachers |date=June 2, 1980 |page=32}}</ref>  According to a syndicated article, "Helped the Colonial Cause": "In nearly every case they advocated the colonial cause, and their editorials did much to arouse the spirit of patriotism in the men."<ref name="Appleton">{{cite news |date=February 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause: Women Who Owned Newspapers During the American Revolution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693159/helped-the-colonial-cause-women-who/ |publisher=The Appleton Crescent |location=Appleton, Wisconsin |page=7 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=March 12, 1898 |title=Helped the Colonial Cause |pages=2 |work=Kenosha News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72693224/helped-the-colonial-cause/ |access-date=March 5, 2021}}</ref>
+==See also==
+* [[List of women printers and publishers before 1800]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 40: / Line 46: @@
 '''Citations'''
 {{reflist}}
+'''Further reading'''
+* {{cite book |title=Biography Index. A cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines |volume= 16 |location= New York |publisher=H.W. Wilson Co. |year=1990}}
+* {{Cite web |title=Founders Online: VII. Contingent Expenses of the Department of State, 1790–1793 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-17-02-0099-0008 |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}} — Cash payments for publishing laws.
+* {{Cite web |title=Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from William Goddard, 11 September 1790 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-17-02-0166 |access-date=March 6, 2021 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}} — Coordination with a number of printers
+* {{cite book |title= Index to Women of the World from Ancient to Modern Times: A Supplement |first=Norma Olin |last=Ireland |location=Metuchen, NJ |publisher= Scarecrow Press | year=1988 }}
+* {{cite book|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Journalism |editor=McKerns Joseph P. |location=New York | publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1989}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Timothy, Ann Donovan}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Timothy, Ann Donovan}}
 [[Category:1720s births]]
 [[Category:1792 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from South Carolina]]
+[[Category:Journalists from South Carolina]]
 [[Category:18th-century American newspaper publishers (people)]]
 [[Category:American printers]]
 [[Category:Businesspeople from Charleston, South Carolina]]
-[[Category:South Carolina colonial people]]
+[[Category:People from colonial South Carolina]]
 [[Category:18th-century American businesswomen]]
+[[Category:18th-century American businesspeople]]
+[[Category:18th-century American journalists]]
+[[Category:History of women in the United States]]
+[[Category:Women printers]]
+[[Category:18th-century American women journalists]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States