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Coordinates: 24°01′30″N 32°53′05″E / 24.0251°N 32.8846°E / 24.0251; 32.8846
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{{Short description|Ancient building on Philae, Egypt}}
[[Image:Trajan’s Kiosk (Josh Whitley).jpg|thumb|250px|<center>Trajan's Kiosk on Agilika island<center>]]
[[File:Agilkia Trajankiosk 01.JPG|thumb|260px|Trajan's Kiosk on Agilika island]]
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[[Image:Hypaethral Temple Philae.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Hypaethral Temple, Philae, by [[Francis Frith]], 1857; from the collection of the [[National Galleries of Scotland]].]]
'''Trajan's Kiosk''', a [[hypaethral temple]], is one of the largest Ancient Egyptian monuments standing today at the island of [[Agilkia Island|Agilkia]], which was constructed by the Roman Emperor, [[Trajan]].<ref>David Frankfurter, Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt, Brill, 1998. p.233.</ref> It was originally built at the island of [[Philae]] (near the lower [[Aswan Dam]]) but transported to Agilika in the 1960s by [[UNESCO]] to save it from being enveloped by the rising waters of the [[Nile]] due to the construction of the [[Aswan High Dam]].<ref>[http://wysinger.homestead.com/nubians11.html The Aswan Dam and Nubia]</ref>


'''Trajan's Kiosk''', also known as '''Pharaoh's Bed''' ({{langx|ar|سرير فرعون}}) by the locals, is a [[hypaethral temple]] currently located on [[Agilkia Island]] in southern [[Egypt]]. The unfinished monument is attributed to [[Trajan]], [[Roman emperor]] from 98 to 117 AD, due to his depiction as pharaoh seen on some of the interior reliefs.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Frankfurter|editor-first=David|section=Island of the Extremity: Space, Language, and Power in the Pilgrimage Traditions of Philae|last=Rutherford|first=Ian|title=Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt|publisher=Brill|location=Boston|year=1998|page=233}}</ref> However, the majority of the structure dates to an earlier time, possibly to the reign of [[Augustus]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald|title=Philae|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt|volume=3|page=43|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2001|isbn=0-19-513823-6}}</ref><ref name=arnold>{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=Temples of the Last Pharaohs|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195126334/page/235 235-236]|isbn=0-19-512633-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195126334/page/235}}</ref> The temple was originally built on the island of [[Philae]], near the lower [[Aswan Dam]], and served as main entrance to the Philae Island Temple Complex from the [[Nile]] river.<ref name="madaintrajan">{{cite web |title=Trajan's Kiosk |url=https://madainproject.com/trajan_kiosk |website=MadainProject |accessdate=17 May 2019}}</ref> It was relocated to Agilika Island in the 1960s as part of the [[International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia]] to save it from the rising waters of the [[Nile]] that followed the construction of the [[Aswan High Dam]].
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This 15-x-20 metre kiosk is 15.85 metres high; its function was likely "to shelter the bark of [[Isis]] at the eastern banks" of Philae island.<ref>Dieter Arnold, Temples of the Last Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1999. p.235.</ref> Its four by five columns each carry "different, lavishly structured composite capitals that are topped by 2.10-metre-high piers" and were originally "intended to be sculpted into [[Bes]] piers, similar to the birthhouses of [[Philae]], Armant, and [[Dendera Temple complex|Dendera]] though this decoration was never completed.<ref>Arnold, p.235.</ref>


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This 15-x-20&nbsp;metre kiosk is 15.85&nbsp;metres high; its function was likely "to shelter the bark of [[Isis]] at the eastern banks" of Philae island.<ref name=arnold /> Its four by five columns each carry "different, lavishly structured composite capitals that are topped by 2.10-metre-high piers" and were originally intended to be sculpted into [[Bes]] piers, similar to the birthhouses of Philae, Armant, and [[Dendera Temple complex|Dendera]] though this decoration was never completed.<ref name=arnold />
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The structure is today roofless,<ref>[[Jas Elsner|Jaś Elsner]], ''Imperial Rome and Christian Triumph: The Art of the Roman Empire'', Oxford University Press, 1998. p.134.</ref> but sockets within the structure's [[architrave]]s suggest that its [[roof]], which was made of timber, was indeed constructed in ancient times.<ref>Arnold, p.235.</ref> Three 12.50-metre-long, presumably triangulated [[truss]]es, "which were inserted into a ledge at the back of stone architecture, carried the slightly [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] roof."<ref>Arnold, pp.235-236.</ref> This building represents an example of the unusual combination of wood and stone in the same architectural structure for an Egyptian temple.<ref>Arnold, p.236.</ref>

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The structure is today roofless,<ref>{{cite book|last=Elsner|author-link=Jas Elsner|first=Jaś|title=Imperial Rome and Christian Triumph: The Art of the Roman Empire|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=1998|page=134}}</ref> but sockets within the structure's [[architrave]]s suggest that its [[roof]], which was made of timber, was indeed constructed in ancient times.<ref name=arnold /> Three 12.50-metre-long, presumably triangulated [[truss]]es, "which were inserted into a ledge at the back of stone architecture, carried the slightly [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] roof."<ref name=arnold /> All the fourteen columns are connected by a screening wall, with entrances in the eastern and western facades.<ref name="madaintrajan" /> This building represents an example of the unusual combination of wood and stone in the same architectural structure for an Egyptian temple.<ref name=arnold /> The attribution to Emperor Trajan is based on a carving inside the kiosk structure, depicting the emperor burning incense before Osiris and Isis.<ref name="madaintrajan" />

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="150px" heights="140px">
File:David Roberts Hypaethral Temple Philae.jpg|''The Hypaethral Temple of Philae'' by [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]], 1838, in ''[[The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia]]''
File:Kiosk of Trajan 1839.jpg|Kiosk in December, 1839, [[Pierre-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière]]
File:John Beasly Greene (American, born France - The Kiosk of Trajan, Philae - Google Art Project.jpg|Kiosk in 1854 by [[John Beasley Greene]]
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File:Hypaethral Temple Philae.jpg|''The Hypaethral Temple, Philae'', by [[Francis Frith]], 1857; from the collection of the [[National Galleries of Scotland]]
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Trajan's Kiosk (Philae)}}
* {{Commons category inline|Kiosk of Trajan in Philae}}

{{Coord|24.0251|N|32.8846|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}


[[Category:Philae]]
[[Category:Philae]]

Latest revision as of 16:27, 4 November 2024

Trajan's Kiosk on Agilika island

Trajan's Kiosk, also known as Pharaoh's Bed (Arabic: سرير فرعون) by the locals, is a hypaethral temple currently located on Agilkia Island in southern Egypt. The unfinished monument is attributed to Trajan, Roman emperor from 98 to 117 AD, due to his depiction as pharaoh seen on some of the interior reliefs.[1] However, the majority of the structure dates to an earlier time, possibly to the reign of Augustus.[2][3] The temple was originally built on the island of Philae, near the lower Aswan Dam, and served as main entrance to the Philae Island Temple Complex from the Nile river.[4] It was relocated to Agilika Island in the 1960s as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia to save it from the rising waters of the Nile that followed the construction of the Aswan High Dam.

This 15-x-20 metre kiosk is 15.85 metres high; its function was likely "to shelter the bark of Isis at the eastern banks" of Philae island.[3] Its four by five columns each carry "different, lavishly structured composite capitals that are topped by 2.10-metre-high piers" and were originally intended to be sculpted into Bes piers, similar to the birthhouses of Philae, Armant, and Dendera though this decoration was never completed.[3]

The structure is today roofless,[5] but sockets within the structure's architraves suggest that its roof, which was made of timber, was indeed constructed in ancient times.[3] Three 12.50-metre-long, presumably triangulated trusses, "which were inserted into a ledge at the back of stone architecture, carried the slightly vaulted roof."[3] All the fourteen columns are connected by a screening wall, with entrances in the eastern and western facades.[4] This building represents an example of the unusual combination of wood and stone in the same architectural structure for an Egyptian temple.[3] The attribution to Emperor Trajan is based on a carving inside the kiosk structure, depicting the emperor burning incense before Osiris and Isis.[4]

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References

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  1. ^ Rutherford, Ian (1998). "Island of the Extremity: Space, Language, and Power in the Pilgrimage Traditions of Philae". In Frankfurter, David (ed.). Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt. Boston: Brill. p. 233.
  2. ^ Redford, Donald, ed. (2001). "Philae". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Vol. 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0-19-513823-6.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Arnold, Dieter (1999). Temples of the Last Pharaohs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 235-236. ISBN 0-19-512633-5.
  4. ^ a b c "Trajan's Kiosk". MadainProject. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  5. ^ Elsner, Jaś (1998). Imperial Rome and Christian Triumph: The Art of the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 134.
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24°01′30″N 32°53′05″E / 24.0251°N 32.8846°E / 24.0251; 32.8846

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