CBS/Fox Video: Difference between revisions

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+#REDIRECT [[20th Century Home Entertainment#CBS/Fox Video/Fox Video (1982–2001)]]
-{{Short description|American  home video entertainment company}}
+{{rcat shell|
-{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
+{{R from former name}}
-{{Infobox company
+{{R to section}}
-| name = The CBS/Fox Company
-| logo = File:CBS Fox Video logo.svg
-| logo_size = 150px
-| trade_name = CBS/Fox Video
-| type = [[General partnership]]
-| industry = [[Home video]]
-| fate = Partnership ended
-| predecessors = [[Magnetic Video]]<br>20th Century-Fox Video<br>[[CBS Home Entertainment|CBS Video Enterprises]]
-| successors = [[20th Century Studios Home Entertainment]]<br>[[CBS Home Entertainment]]
-| founded = {{Start date|1982|06}}
-| defunct = {{End date|2001}}
-| hq_location_city = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
-| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
-| area_served = Worldwide
-| products = Prerecorded videos
-| owners = [[CBS|CBS Inc.]] (50%)<br>[[20th Century Fox]] (50%)
-| footnotes = <ref name="cf" />
 }}
-'''The CBS/Fox Company''', doing business under the brand '''CBS/Fox Video''', was a [[home video]] entertainment company formed and established in June 1982, as a merger between [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|20th Century-Fox Video]] and [[CBS Home Entertainment|CBS Video Enterprises]]. CBS/Fox released videos in the [[VHS]], [[Laserdisc]], and [[Betamax]] home video formats.
-The company was based in [[Farmington Hills, Michigan]] (home of its predecessor [[Magnetic Video]]) until 1985, when it moved to [[Livonia, Michigan]]. In 1989, it moved its headquarters to [[New York City]], where it stayed until it became Fox Video (now [[20th Century Studios Home Entertainment]]) in 1991.
-CBS/Fox Video was founded as a 50-50 venture with [[20th Century Fox]] in 1982 when [[CBS]] broke off a previous venture formed in 1980 with [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]. During this period, both companies continued to operate independently while maintaining their partnership. A reorganization occurred in 1990 with CBS selling products under the '''CBS Video''' name (which had been sparingly used since the 1970s) and mainstream Fox titles being controlled by [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|FoxVideo]]; the change was enacted in 1991. In the early 2000s, CBS/Fox ceased operations.
-== History ==
-=== Joint venture ===
-==== The 1980s ====
-{{Infobox company
-| logo = Fox_Video_print_logo.png
-| name = FoxVideo, Inc.
-| type = [[General partnership]]
-| industry = Home Video
-| successor = [[20th Century Studios Home Entertainment]]
-| founded = {{Start date|1991|03}}
-| defunct = {{End date|1998}}
-| fate    = Ceased operations
-| hq_location_city = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
-| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
-| area_served = Worldwide
-| products = Pre-recorded home video releases
-| owner = [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]]
-| parent = [[20th Century Fox]]
-| footnotes = <ref name="cf" />
-}}
-In 1982, CBS formed a 50-50 venture with 20th Century Fox after [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] broke off a joint venture with CBS, [[MGM/CBS Home Video]], to market videocassettes and videodiscs.<ref name="venture">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JeY_afXHSnEC&pg=PA173&dq=cbs+fox+video+1982#q=cbs%20fox%20video%201982|title=Joint Ventures, Alliances, and Corporate Strategy|last=Harrigan|first=Kathryn Rudie|publisher=Beard Books|year=1985|isbn=9781587981951|page=173|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> This was publicly announced on June 18, 1982, where they announced CBS's 40-acre film and production facility in Studio City, California (currently known as the [[CBS Studio Center]]) would be operated by both companies.<ref name="cf">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/18/business/cbs-and-fox-in-video-venture.html|title=CBS and Fox in Video Venture|date=1982-06-18|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the process, CBS and Fox continued to independently supply programs for the home video market, while CBS/Fox supplied films from motion picture studios.<ref name="venture" />
-CBS/Fox inherited deals from its predecessors Magnetic Video and 20th Century-Fox Video to distribute films from other companies, such as [[United Artists]] films. The UA titles distributed by CBS/Fox consisted mainly of pre-MGM merger titles (although at the time, MGM held the video rights to some pre-merger films that hadn't yet been released on video), films from the ''[[James Bond]]'' and ''[[Rocky]]'' series (some post-merger ''Bond'' and ''Rocky'' [[1980s]] sequels were released by CBS/Fox as well), and some low profile post-merger films under license from MGM/UA. These UA films were later issued through MGM/UA Home Video (now, [[MGM Home Entertainment]]) starting in 1989 (although Fox would later release the post-April 1986 MGM library years later).
-Other deals gave CBS/Fox films from [[Lorimar Television|Lorimar]], including films inherited from [[Allied Artists Picture Corporation|Allied Artists]] (which Lorimar had purchased in 1979); even after acquiring Karl Home Video in 1984 and renaming it to [[Karl-Lorimar Home Video]], some Lorimar titles continued to be distributed by CBS/Fox until [[Warner Home Video]] took over distribution, after Warner Bros purchased Lorimar in 1989. Certain [[TriStar Pictures|Tri-Star Pictures]] releases also went through CBS/Fox, as CBS, alongside [[Columbia Pictures]] and [[HBO]], was a partner in Tri-Star (accordingly, Tri-Star output during the era was split between CBS/Fox, [[Sony Pictures Home Entertainment|RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video]], and [[HBO Video|HBO's various video labels]]). CBS/Fox also secured rights from [[George Lucas]] for the video release of ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'' for $12 million on August 30, 1984. Lucas claimed the deal was to prevent the film from being broadcast on television.<ref>{{cite news|title=Home Video Rights Sold To 'Empire Strikes Back'|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LH&s_site=kentucky&p_multi=LH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB7370637CEC4D0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=Lexington Herald Leader | date=August 31, 1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ecw8AAAAIBAJ&pg=3601,3847529&dq=home+video+rights+sold+to+empire+strikes+back&hl=en|title=Home Video Right to 'Empire' Sold|date=August 31, 1984|newspaper=The Press Courier|access-date=March 30, 2018|agency=Associated Press|page=4}}</ref>
-In 1984, CBS/Fox Video entered into the industry by launching a music label, in order to release its first tape called ''Prime Cuts'', featuring artists from various bands from CBS Records.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1984-05-02|title=CBS/Fox Video Makes Leap into the Music Arena|page=38|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Also that year, it formed a partnership with [[Atlantic Entertainment Group|Atlantic Releasing Corporation]] to launch the Atlantic Video label, with CBS/Fox Video serving as distributor for the Atlantic Video titles.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bierbaum|first=Tom|date=1984-04-11|title=Atlantic Home Video Label Formed Via 'Partnership' With CBS/Fox|page=32|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
-In 1985, CBS and 20th Century Fox secured a financial package that saw both companies generate between $75 and $100 million. The deal also included the offering of bonds with the investment firm [[Drexel Burnham Lambert]].<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1985-03-02/business/fi-24127_1_financing-package|title=CBS, Fox Discussing Financing Package for Video Partnership|last=Harris|first=Kathryn|date=March 2, 1985|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> Also that year, CBS/Fox became the American licensee of [[BBC]] Video products.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/03/business/cbs-fox-video.html|title=CBS-Fox Video|date=December 3, 1985|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> It also offered a licensing deal with [[Fred Rogers Productions|Family Communications]] to release titles based on ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Seideman|first=Tony|date=1985-10-12|title=CBS/FOX Plans Release of BBC Programs|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1985/1985-10-12-Billboard-Page-0033.pdf|access-date=2021-10-18}}</ref>
-In 1987, the company increased its rights to [[BBC Video]] after buying the rights to 600 titles. When asked about how the agreement came to light, then-CBS/Fox president Leonard White said "The deal is timed to coincide with the BBC's 50th anniversary".<ref name="tribune">{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-04-17/entertainment/8701290500_1_akai-monty-python-troupe-bbc-video|title=CBS-Fox Video Buys Rights To 600 British Broadcasts|date=April 17, 1987|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> Within a month of the announcement, CBS/Fox released a definitive line-up of films named "Five Star Collection IV" which included 28 films. Such films included ''[[Revenge of the Nerds]]'', ''[[Cat's Eye (1985 film)|Cat's Eye]]'' and ''[[Oxford Blues]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-05-01/entertainment/8702020767_1_omen-cannon-video-ipcress-file|title=CBS/Fox Video Continues Lowered Prices With 28 Titles|last=Stevens|first=Mary|date=May 1, 1987|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>
-In 1989, the company began releasing [[NBA Entertainment]] titles. That November, the company filed a lawsuit against MGM/UA over a video distribution agreement that was broken. The claim was that CBS/Fox lost revenue after video releases ended up being films that did not perform well in cinemas while MGM/UA distributed higher-grossing films.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-11-17/business/fi-1657_1_home-video-distribution|title=CBS/Fox Suing MGM/UA Over Video Distribution Pact|last=Sanchez|first=Jesus|date=November 17, 1989|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> The two companies had been placed in a bad relationship since 1981 when MGM bought United Artists and CBS broke away from their previous joint venture with MGM to form CBS/Fox.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/17/business/the-media-business-cbs-fox-sues-mgm-ua.html|title=The Media Business; CBS/Fox Sues MGM/UA|date=November 17, 1989|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref> The case was settled on June 26, 1992, when both companies resolved their differences.<ref>{{cite press release|title=CBS/FOX, METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER RESOLVE PENDING LITIGATION|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/CBS%2fFOX%2c+METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER+RESOLVE+PENDING+LITIGATION-a012282034|newspaper=PR Newswire|date=June 26, 1992}}</ref>
-=== The 1990s ===
-During 1990–1991, CBS/Fox began releasing titles from the then-bankrupt [[Media Home Entertainment]]. At the end of 1990, CBS/Fox reported they controlled 6.5% of the home video market and reported revenues of $249 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-01-23/business/fi-564_1_joint-venture|title=CBS May Reduce Role in Fox Video Venture|last=Lippman|first=John|date=January 23, 1991|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>
-In March 1991, a reorganization of the company occurred, which would give Fox greater control of the joint venture. All of CBS/Fox's distribution functions were transferred to the newly formed [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|FoxVideo]], which would also take over exclusive distribution of all 20th Century Fox products. CBS began releasing their products under the "CBS Video" name (which had been sparingly used since the 1970s), with CBS/Fox handling marketing and FoxVideo handling distribution. CBS/Fox would retain the license to non-theatrical products from third parties, including those from BBC Video and the NBA.<ref>Sweeting, Paul (March 2, 1991). "FoxVideo Born as New Logo in CBS/Fox Shifts." ''Billboard'', pages 1 and 78. [http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-03-02.pdf]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/30/business/the-media-business-ge-sells-its-50-stake-in-video-unit.html|title=THE MEDIA BUSINESS; G.E. Sells Its 50% Stake In Video Unit|last=Fabrikant|first=Geraldine|date=May 30, 1991|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=March 30, 2018}}</ref>
-=== The end of CBS/Fox Video ===
-th Century Fox Home Entertainment was founded in 1995, as an umbrella encompassing FoxVideo, CBS/Fox, and several other divisions, including [[Fox Interactive]]. Over the next three years, the FoxVideo and CBS/Fox names were gradually phased out in favor of TCFHE. The final VHS released under the CBS/Fox label would be the US release of ''[[Walking with Dinosaurs]]''.
-In 2000, CBS's merger with [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]] was finalized, and the CBS/Fox partnership ceased existence, although even after the corporate split CBS/Fox did still own some ancillary rights to two [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]] film properties, ''[[Oklahoma! (1955 film)|Oklahoma!]]'' and ''[[South Pacific (1958 film)|South Pacific]]'', until 20th Century Fox was able to fully assume CBS/Fox's former share of these films. The BBC's license with CBS/Fox ended in Summer 2000 and [[Warner Home Video]] took over US distribution of BBC's properties.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-g8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA77&dq=cbs/fox+walking+with+dinosaurs#q=cbs%252Ffox%2520walking%2520with%2520dinosaurs|magazine=Billboard|title=Artisan Lifts Heavyweights Denise Austin, 'The Firm' To Buff Up Fitness Presence |date=2000-07-15|language=en}}</ref>
-==Other labels==
-CBS/Fox used specialty labels for children's and family's videos, music videos, and sports videos. In addition to its main CBS/Fox label, which was mostly [[A-list]] fare (although the three ''[[Porky's]]'', first ''[[Bachelor Party (1984 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' (1984) and first two ''[[Revenge of the Nerds]]'' (1984 & 1987) movies with their low budgets and concepts and mostly young or unknown casts were also released on it), CBS/Fox maintained two other labels, '''Key Video''' (mostly [[B-film|B]] and [[drive-in]] fare and some [[made for television]] films, plus back catalog titles from Allied Artists (via Lorimar) and a.a.p./United Artists and low-profile ITC, Tri-Star, MGM/UA and Fox releases), started in 1984, which was dedicated to the marketing and long-shelf products,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1984-04-14|title=Two Software Firms In Debuts|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1984/1984-04-14-Billboard-Page-0056.pdf|access-date=2021-12-13}}</ref> which spawned the 24 Karat Gold Classics line,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1984-08-25|title=CBS/FOX Aims Key Plans Releases of Classic Films|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1984/1984-08-25-Billboard-Page-0040.pdf|access-date=2021-12-13}}</ref> and '''Playhouse Video''' (known as '''CBS/Fox Children's Video''' from 1984 to 1985; children's and family films and programs, including the 1968-73 ''[[Planet of the Apes (1968 film)|Planet of the Apes]]'' films, [[Shirley Temple]]'s films, [[Muppet|The Muppets]] videos, [[Mr. Rogers]] videos, and [[Dr. Seuss]] specials by [[DePatie-Freleng Enterprises]]; this label was also used on the earliest ''[[Doctor Who]]'' VHS releases), also set up in 1984, with the format changed in 1985 in order to model that on Key Video.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1985-02-09|title=Major Changes at CBS/Fox|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1985/1985-02-09-Billboard-Page-0033.pdf|access-date=2021-12-13}}</ref> These became inactive by 1991, though 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment reactivated the Key Video label as '''Key DVD'''.
-In [[Japan]] for a short period of time from 1985 to 1988, CBS/Fox Video operates under the name of '''Shochiku CBS/Fox Video''' under a joint venture with [[Shochiku]] after Shochiku merged their home video operations with CBS/Fox.
-==Anti-piracy measures==
-In the attempt to prevent unauthorized tape duplication, CBS/Fox became an early adopter of [[Macrovision]] anti-piracy technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/30/arts/video-tanglesin-the-anti-copying-thicket.html|title=Tangles in the Anti-Copying Thicket|last=Fantel|first=Hans|date=1987-08-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2012-11-30|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In countries such as Australia, the company introduced a colored spine that was either yellow or blue on VHS tapes. On Betamax cassettes, a polarized seal was present. These measures were taken to ensure that consumers would be guaranteed that their products were of high quality.<ref>{{YouTube|title=Australian Home Video Anti Piracy Advices|id=CGCJ7qYI48E}} (Event occurs at 02:14-03:45)</ref>
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-{{CBS}}
-{{20th Century Studios}}
-{{Disney}}
-{{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Cbs Fox Video}}
 [[Category:Home video companies of the United States]]
-[[Category:ViacomCBS subsidiaries]]
+[[Category:Paramount Global subsidiaries]]
-[[Category:Joint ventures]]
+[[Category:Former joint ventures]]
 [[Category:20th Century Studios]]
 [[Category:Home video companies established in 1982]]