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{{Short description|Cultural centre situated in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia}}
[[File:King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture facade.jpg|thumb|right|King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture]]
{{Infobox organization
The '''King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture''' '''(Ithra)'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1516501/saudi-arabia|title=Innovative Saudi cultural center showcases world-famous ‘The Scream’ artist’s exhibition|date=2019-06-26|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref> (Arabic: مركز الملك عبد العزيز الثقافي العالمي) also known as Ithra, is situated in [[Dhahran]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture to make positive impact on human development|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1352746/saudi-arabia|date=2018-08-08|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> It was built by [[Saudi Aramco]] and inaugurated by [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman]] bin Abdulaziz on December 1, 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/art/news/saudis-king-abdulaziz-centre-to-open-in-summer|title=King Abdulaziz Centre To Open In Saudi Arabia This Summer|work=Harper's BAZAAR Arabia|access-date=2018-08-11|language=en}}</ref> It is operated by Saudi Aramco<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture|url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/en/making-a-difference/people-and-community/ithra|website=www.saudiaramco.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and is currently the company’s main corporate social responsibility initiative<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra makes TIME Magazine’s 2018 list of world’s greatest places|url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/en/news-media/news/2018/ithra-time-magazine|website=www.saudiaramco.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> with a focus on culture, learning and cross-cultural activities.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture – Saudi’s mega museum|url=https://kohler.design/king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture/|last=Vivit-Tours|date=2019-07-24|website=Kohler Designful|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The Center is located where the first commercial Saudi oilfield was found in March 1938.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=A House for the World - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/September-2019/A-House-for-the-World|website=www.aramcoworld.com|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The Center incorporates a [[museum]], children museum, library, cinema, theater, and exhibition halls. <ref name=":4" /> It was designed by the Norwegian architectural firm [[Snøhetta (company)|Snøhetta.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livedesignonline.com/briefing-room/king-abdulaziz-center-stages-grand-opening-d3-powered-projection-mapping|title=King Abdulaziz Center Stages Grand Opening With d3-Powered Projection Mapping {{!}} Live Design|website=livedesignonline.com|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref> The Center has been listed in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as one of the world’s top 100 places to visit<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture: The World’s 100 Greatest Places of 2018|url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2018/5366669/king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture-dhahran-saudi-arabia/|website=Time|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> and attracted one million visitors in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Ithra’ events attract over a million visitors|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/580512/SAUDI-ARABIA/Ithra-events-attract-over-a-million-visitors|date=2019-10-22|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The director of Ithra is Hussain N. Hanbazazah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who's Who: Hussain Hanbazazah, director of the King Abdul Aziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)|url=https://arab.news/y9ffj|date=2020-02-25|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> {{Infobox organization
| name = King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)
| name = King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)
| established = {{Start date and age|2016|12|01|df=yes}}
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| type = Cultural Center
| formation =
| focus = Culture, knowledge, public engagement, cross-cultural activities.
| logo = Ithra Logo.svg
| key_people = [[Hussain N. Hanbazazah]]
| logo_size = 150px
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| website = https://www.ithra.com/en/
| logo_caption = Logo
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| founded_date = 2017
| image = King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra) (cropped).png
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| location_city = [[Dhahran]]
| caption = Ithra Building
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| location_country = [[Saudi Arabia]]
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| type = Cultural center
| focus = Culture, art, innovation, cross-cultural engagement, education, content creation, library, film, theater
| key_people = [[Abdullah Alrashid, Director]]
⚫
| website = {{URL|https://www.ithra.com/en/}}
⚫
| founded_date =
⚫
| location_city = [[Dhahran]]
⚫
| location_country = [[Saudi Arabia]]
}}
}}

The '''King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1516501/saudi-arabia|title=Innovative Saudi cultural center showcases world-famous 'The Scream' artist's exhibition|date=2019-06-26|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref> ({{Langx|ar|مركز الملك عبد العزيز الثقافي العالمي}}), also known as '''Ithra''' ({{Langx|ar|إثراء}}, ''<nowiki/>'enrichment'<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Ithra - Ithra |url=https://www.ithra.com/en/about-ithra |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=Ithra}}</ref>''), is a cultural centre situated in [[Dhahran]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture to make positive impact on human development|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1352746/saudi-arabia|date=2018-08-08|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> It was built by [[Saudi Aramco]] and inaugurated by [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman]] bin Abdulaziz on December 1, 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/art/news/saudis-king-abdulaziz-centre-to-open-in-summer|title=King Abdulaziz Centre To Open In Saudi Arabia This Summer|work=Harper's BAZAAR Arabia|access-date=2018-08-11|language=en}}</ref>

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It is operated by Saudi Aramco.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture|url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/en/making-a-difference/people-and-community/ithra|website=www.saudiaramco.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The center is located where the first commercial Saudi oilfield was found in March 1938.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=A House for the World - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/September-2019/A-House-for-the-World|website=www.aramcoworld.com|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>

The center has a [[museum]], library, cinema, theater, and exhibition halls.<ref name=":4" /> It was designed by the Norwegian architectural firm [[Snøhetta (company)|Snøhetta.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://livedesignonline.com/briefing-room/king-abdulaziz-center-stages-grand-opening-d3-powered-projection-mapping|title=King Abdulaziz Center Stages Grand Opening With d3-Powered Projection Mapping {{!}} Live Design|website=livedesignonline.com|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref> The center has been listed in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine as one of the world's top 100 places to visit<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture: The World's 100 Greatest Places of 2018|url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2018/5366669/king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture-dhahran-saudi-arabia/|magazine=Time|language=en-us|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> and attracted one million visitors in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Ithra' events attract over a million visitors|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/580512/SAUDI-ARABIA/Ithra-events-attract-over-a-million-visitors|date=2019-10-22|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>


== Objective ==
== Objective ==
Ithra was established as a corporate social responsibility project by Saudi Aramco, the national oil corporation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.<ref name=":2" /> The Center’s own stated aims is to “make a tangible and positive impact on human development by inspiring a passion for knowledge, creativity, and cross-cultural engagement for the future of the Kingdom.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Ali Al-Mutairi, director of the King Abdul Aziz Center for World Culture|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1393991/saudi-arabia|date=2018-10-25|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
Ithra was established by Saudi Aramco, the national oil corporation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-08 |title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture to make positive impact on human development |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1352746/saudi-arabia |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> The center's own stated aims is to “make a tangible and positive impact on human development by inspiring a passion for knowledge, creativity, and cross-cultural engagement for the future of the kingdom."<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-25 |title=Ali Al-Mutairi, director of the King Abdul Aziz Center for World Culture |url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1393991/saudi-arabia |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22" /> At the start of the project, the initiative behind Ithra was to diversify Saudi Arabia's economy since oil, which dominates the country's economy, is limited. As Ithra developed, the motive behind it evolved to becoming a center of education and heritage while also promoting innovation and creativity to enrich the cultural life in Saudi.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-05 |title=Ithra: Inside Saudi Arabia's Spaceship-Like Mega Museum |url=https://mojeh.com/culture/inside-saudi-arabias-spaceship-like-mega-museum/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=MOJEH |language=en-GB}}</ref>


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== The building ==
The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture aims to build up the cultural sector in Saudi Arabia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Saudi mega museum—King Abdulaziz Center in Dhahran—is finally moving ahead|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/saudi-mega-museum-king-abdulaziz-centre-in-dhahran-is-finally-moving-ahead|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> This is in line with the Saudi Arabian government’s declared aim of boosting the cultural industries as part of its economic diversification policy.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Restructuring of Saudi Arts and Entertainment|url=https://agsiw.org/the-restructuring-of-saudi-arts-and-entertainment/|date=2019-08-08|website=Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
The building covers 80,000 square meters with its shape being inspired by the internal structural shape of oil-bearing rock formations.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Vivit-Tours |date=2019-07-24 |title=King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture – Saudi's mega museum |url=https://kohler.design/king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture/ |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=Kohler Designful |language=en-US}}</ref> These rock formations are designed in a structure where three stones are on the ground while the fourth stone, the Keystone, is suspended and being carried by the other stones. This concept was executed to represent teamwork and how different components rely on one another.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-02 |title=King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture / Snøhetta |url=https://www.archdaily.com/898775/king-abdulaziz-centre-for-world-culture-snohetta |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref> The Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta designed the building and the UK professional services firm [[Buro Happold]] led the engineering design.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (Ithra) - Buro Happold |url=https://www.burohappold.com/projects/king-abdulaziz-centre-world-culture-ithra/ |access-date=2020-05-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>


⚫
The levels of the building are arranged thematically and intended to suggest a progression through the ages. Areas dealing with history and the past are at the lowest levels, beneath ground level and the ground floor dealing with the present. The higher levels are mainly situated in the structure known as the Knowledge Tower, with the intention being that the knowledge communicated in the tower's teaching rooms will equip citizens for the future.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=A House for the World - AramcoWorld |url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/September-2019/A-House-for-the-World |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=www.aramcoworld.com}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Saudi mega museum—King Abdulaziz Center in Dhahran—is finally moving ahead |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/saudi-mega-museum-king-abdulaziz-centre-in-dhahran-is-finally-moving-ahead |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=www.theartnewspaper.com|date=5 January 2018 }}</ref>
The Arabic word “Ithra” is used as a shorthand for the Center and its programs. The term means “enrichment” in Arabic and is intended to signify that its programs are intended to enrich citizens culturally.<ref name=":12" /> The Center also uses the tagline: "Accelerating potential, inspiring minds."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra - Linkedin|url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/kingabdulazizcenterforworldculture/about/|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>


The location of Ithra was purposely chosen near Prosperity Well, which is Saudi Arabia’s first commercial oil well. The reason behind this was to show the shift from traditional energy sources like oil to energy from people’s spirits, capabilities, and creativity. Another strategic choice was using silver tubes to cover the structures which is similar to the pipes used to extract the oil.<ref name=":03"/>
⚫
== The Building ==
The building covers 80,000 square meters with its shape being inspired by the internal structural shape of oil-bearing rock formations. <ref name=":5" /> The Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta designed the building and the UK professional services firm [[Buro Happold]] led the engineering design. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (Ithra) - Buro Happold|url=https://www.burohappold.com/projects/king-abdulaziz-centre-world-culture-ithra/|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>


Regarding the environmental point of view, the building was designed in accordance with prevailing [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED standards]] to minimize adverse ecological impact.<ref name=":62" /><ref name=":122">{{Cite web |title=The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture |url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/en/making-a-difference/people-and-community/ithra |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=www.saudiaramco.com |language=en}}</ref> For example, the plants in the surrounding gardens were selected from desert species and intended to minimize use of water and survive dry desert conditions.<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":122" /> They also used other strategies to maintain sustainable like harvesting rainwater, recycle 80% of its waste, and using portable water. In 2023, Ithra received LEED gold certificate after three years of maintaining its sustainability of the environment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-07 |title=Saudi's Ithra project receives LEED Gold certification - Construction Week Online |url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/projects-tenders/saudis-ithra-project-receives-leed-gold-certification |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=Construction Week Online |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
The levels of the building are arranged thematically and intended to suggest a progression through the ages. Areas dealing with history and the past are at the lowest levels, beneath ground level and the ground floor dealing with the present. The higher levels are mainly situated in the structure known as the Knowledge Tower, with the intention being that the knowledge communicated in the tower’s teaching rooms will equip citizens for the future.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" />


<ref name="egypttoday.com">{{Cite web |title=6 Arab leaders absent from 29th Summit, Syria not on table |url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/2/47919/6-Arab-leaders-absent-from-29th-Summit-Syria-not-on |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=EgyptToday|date=15 April 2018 }}</ref>
Regarding the environmental point of view, the building was designed in accordance with prevailing [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED standards]] to minimize adverse ecological impact. <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":12" /> For example, the plants in the surrounding gardens were selected from desert species and intended to minimize use of water and survive dry desert conditions. <ref name=":5" /><ref name=":12" />


In April 2018, the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the 29<sup>th</sup> [[Arab League]] summit, <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=IN PICTURES: Inside the Dhahran hall where Arab League Summit was held at|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/04/15/PICTURES-Saudi-Arabia-s-Grand-Hall-where-the-Arab-League-Summit-will-be-hosted.html|date=2018-04-15|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> this was the first time the summit had been held in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 Arab leaders absent from 29th Summit, Syria not on table|url=http://www.egypttoday.com/Article/2/47919/6-Arab-leaders-absent-from-29th-Summit-Syria-not-on|website=EgyptToday|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
In April 2018, the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the 29th [[Arab League]] summit,<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-15 |title=IN PICTURES: Inside the Dhahran hall where Arab League Summit was held at |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2018/04/15/PICTURES-Saudi-Arabia-s-Grand-Hall-where-the-Arab-League-Summit-will-be-hosted.html |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> this was the first time the summit had been held in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.<ref name="egypttoday.com"/>


== Exhibitions and Events ==
== Exhibitions and events ==
'''Theater'''
'''Theater'''


Ithra Theater’s 900-seat auditorium has hosted international and regional performers.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Russian Slava brings on his clowning in sell-out show in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1390756/saudi-arabia|date=2018-10-20|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a stated intention to showcase the best of international culture as well as the best of regional, Arab and Saudi talent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘A talent showcase’: Ithra’s cosmopolitan director outlines his strategy for the creative future of Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1322746/business-economy|date=2018-06-16|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> As of May 2020 Ithra Theater has staged performances by the [[Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra|Mariinsky Theater Orchestra]] of Saint Petersburg, Russia,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian Mariinsky Orchestra enthralls audience in Dhahran|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/537221|date=2018-06-20|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> the [[Vienna Chamber Orchestra]], of Vienna, Austria,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra Archive|url=https://www.ithra.com/en/archive/2018/|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> [[La Scala]] of Milan, Italy,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opera Rigoletto dazzles Ithra audience|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/578447|date=2019-09-28|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and the Iraqi oud player [[Naseer Shamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naseer Shamma to Hold First Oud Orchestra Concert in Saudi Arabia|url=https://m.aawsat.com/english/home/article/1509181/naseer-shamma-hold-first-oud-orchestra-concert-saudi-arabia|website=Asharq AL-awsat|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> In addition, Ithra has staged the [[Manganiar|Manganiyar]] Connection – featuring performers from Rajasthan, India,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manganiyar musical experience connects Saudi Arabia with ancient India|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1406006/saudi-arabia|date=2018-11-17|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> the live stage version of the [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|Wizard of Oz]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=We’re Not in Kansas Anymore … The Wizard of Oz twists its way into Saudi Arabia’s Ithra|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1551696/saudi-arabia|date=2019-09-09|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and [[Slava's Snowshow]] by the Russian clown and director [[Slava Polunin]].<ref name=":10" />
Ithra Theater's 900-seat auditorium has hosted international and regional performers.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Russian Slava brings on his clowning in sell-out show in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1390756/saudi-arabia|date=2018-10-20|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a stated intention to showcase the best of international culture as well as the best of regional, Arab and Saudi talent.<ref>{{Cite web|title='A talent showcase': Ithra's cosmopolitan director outlines his strategy for the creative future of Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1322746/business-economy|date=2018-06-16|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> As of May 2020 Ithra Theater has staged performances by the [[Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra|Mariinsky Theater Orchestra]] of Saint Petersburg, Russia;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian Mariinsky Orchestra enthralls audience in Dhahran|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/537221|date=2018-06-20|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> the [[Vienna Chamber Orchestra]], of Vienna, Austria;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra Archive|url=https://www.ithra.com/en/archive/2018/|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> [[La Scala]] of Milan, Italy;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opera Rigoletto dazzles Ithra audience|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/578447|date=2019-09-28|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and the Iraqi oud player [[Naseer Shamma]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naseer Shamma to Hold First Oud Orchestra Concert in Saudi Arabia|url=https://m.aawsat.com/english/home/article/1509181/naseer-shamma-hold-first-oud-orchestra-concert-saudi-arabia|website=Asharq AL-awsat|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> In addition, Ithra has staged the [[Manganiar|Manganiyar]] Connection – featuring performers from Rajasthan, India;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manganiyar musical experience connects Saudi Arabia with ancient India|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1406006/saudi-arabia|date=2018-11-17|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> the live stage version of the [[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|Wizard of Oz]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=We're Not in Kansas Anymore … The Wizard of Oz twists its way into Saudi Arabia's Ithra|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1551696/saudi-arabia|date=2019-09-09|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> and [[Slava's Snowshow]] by the Russian clown and director [[Slava Polunin]].<ref name=":10" />


'''Short-term Exhibitions'''
'''Short-term exhibitions'''


The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a dedicated area for short-term exhibitions, known as the Great Hall, and featuring copper paneling.<ref name=":9" /> It has hosted an exhibition of original paintings by the Norwegian Expressionist artist [[Edvard Munch]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Ithra celebrates Edvard Munch: Landscapes of the Soul exhibition|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/569217|date=2019-06-18|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> This exhibition included an original print of [[The Scream]], made by the artist himself.<ref name=":11" /> The hall has also hosted an exhibition of manuscripts by [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shining a light on Leonardo da Vinci in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/shining-a-light-on-leonardo-da-vinci-in-saudi-arabia-1.841700|website=The National|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a dedicated area for short-term exhibitions, known as the Great Hall, and featuring copper paneling.<ref name=":92"/> It has hosted an exhibition of original paintings by the Norwegian Expressionist artist [[Edvard Munch]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Ithra celebrates Edvard Munch: Landscapes of the Soul exhibition|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/569217|date=2019-06-18|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> This exhibition included an original print of [[The Scream]], made by the artist himself.<ref name=":11" /> The hall has also hosted an exhibition of manuscripts by [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shining a light on Leonardo da Vinci in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/art/shining-a-light-on-leonardo-da-vinci-in-saudi-arabia-1.841700|website=The National|date=26 March 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The grand opening of Ajyaal Gallery hosts the inaugural and imaginative ''[https://www.ithra.com/en/programme/2019/being-saudi/ Being Saudi]'' exhibition by [[Kvorning Design & Communication|Kvorning Design]], Copenhagen and built by Modelcraft Group, Riyadh. The exhibition allows visitors to engage with Saudi Arabian culture, across five different regions, and covers poetry, music, fashion and patterns in a non-traditional format. Conceived as an immersive visitor experience, ''Being Saudi'' communicates the kingdom's rich culture heritage in an innovative way.


'''Global Knowledge Society Forum'''
'''Global Knowledge Society Forum'''


In 2013, The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the inaugural Global Knowledge Society Forum in partnership with [[UNESCO]] in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Over 500 delegates attended the Forum to listen to global, regional and national experts from government, academia, civil society and the private sector and actively discuss and share current developments in the creation, acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in order to achieve sustainable human development<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Societies Forum 2013 {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2013/global-knowledge-societies-forum-2013/|website=www.unesco.org|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
In 2013, The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the inaugural Global Knowledge Society Forum in partnership with [[UNESCO]] in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Over 500 delegates attended the forum to listen to global, regional and national experts from government, academia, civil society and the private sector and actively discuss and share current developments in the creation, acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in order to achieve sustainable human development.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Knowledge Societies Forum 2013 {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/news-and-in-focus-articles/in-focus-articles/2013/global-knowledge-societies-forum-2013/|website=www.unesco.org|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>


== Facilities ==
== Facilities ==


=== Museums ===
=== Museums ===
The museum is situated on four levels and is arranged thematically into four galleries: contemporary art, Saudi heritage, Islamic civilization, and natural history and human ecology.<ref name=":3" /> The contemporary art, heritage and Islamic civilization galleries operate non-permanent displays and change their exhibitions on a regular basis. From 2018-2020, the Islamic civilization gallery hosted an exhibition of Islamic art in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra Museum opens inaugural exhibitions|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1393216/saudi-arabia|date=2018-10-24|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>  <ref>{{Cite web|title=New Saudi Arabian Cultural Institution to Open With Collection From Los Angeles Museum|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/new-saudi-arabian-cultural-institution-to-open-with-collection-from-los-angeles-museum-1523048008|last=Shapiro|first=Ariel|website=www.barrons.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
The museum is situated on four levels and is arranged thematically into four galleries: contemporary art, Saudi heritage, Islamic civilization, and natural history and human ecology.<ref name=":32"/> The contemporary art, heritage and Islamic civilization galleries operate non-permanent displays and change their exhibitions on a regular basis. From 2018 to 2020, the Islamic civilization gallery hosted an exhibition of Islamic art in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra Museum opens inaugural exhibitions|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1393216/saudi-arabia|date=2018-10-24|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Saudi Arabian Cultural Institution to Open With Collection From Los Angeles Museum|url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/new-saudi-arabian-cultural-institution-to-open-with-collection-from-los-angeles-museum-1523048008|last=Shapiro|first=Ariel|website=www.barrons.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>


=== Film Screenings ===
=== Film screenings ===
Ithra Cinema is one of the first to be operational in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It displays a mix of movies, including popular international features, documentaries and independent arthouse-style features. Ithra also seeks to develop the Saudi film industry, through workshops, funding and training. In 2020, some films funded by Ithra were shown on Netflix as part of a content-sharing deal. These films were: ''Wasati'' directed by Ali Kalthami, ''Is Sumyati Going to Hell?'' directed by Mishaal Aljaser, and ''Predicament in Sight'' directed by Faris Godos.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arabian Sun: March 11, 2020|url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/-/media/publications/arabian-sun/2020/2020-11.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
Ithra Cinema is one of the first to be operational in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It displays a mix of movies, including popular international features, documentaries and independent arthouse-style features. Ithra also seeks to develop the Saudi film industry, through workshops, funding and training. In 2020, some films funded by Ithra were shown on Netflix as part of a content-sharing deal. These films were ''Wasati,'' directed by Ali Kalthami; ''Is Sumyati Going to Hell?'', directed by Mishaal Aljaser; and ''Predicament in Sight'', directed by Faris Godos.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arabian Sun: March 11, 2020|url=https://www.saudiaramco.com/-/media/publications/arabian-sun/2020/2020-11.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>


Ithra has also produced the feature film Hajjan, which premiered at [[Toronto International Film Festival]], and was directed by [[Yomeddine]] director [[Abu Bakr Shawky]]. The film is influenced by American Westerns and is a coming of age story about a young man's camel race in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hajjan |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/hajjan |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=[[Toronto International Film Festival]] }}</ref>
⚫
=== '''Energy Exhibit''' ===

⚫
This exhibition is an introduction to the oil industry, energy – including renewables – ecology and technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Exhibition » NewAngle|url=https://www.newangle.co.uk/projects/energy-exhibition-king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture-ithra-dhahran-saudi-arabia/|website=NewAngle|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A House for the World - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/September-2019/A-House-for-the-World|website=www.aramcoworld.com|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
⚫
=== Energy Exhibit ===
This exhibition is an introduction to the oil industry, energy – including renewables – ecology and technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Exhibition" NewAngle|url=https://www.newangle.co.uk/projects/energy-exhibition-king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture-ithra-dhahran-saudi-arabia/|website=NewAngle|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A House for the World - AramcoWorld|url=https://www.aramcoworld.com/Articles/September-2019/A-House-for-the-World|website=www.aramcoworld.com|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>


=== Ithra Library ===
=== Ithra Library ===
[[File:Ithra Library.jpg|thumb|Ithra Library]]
The library is one of the larger and more modern in the region. <ref name=":1" /> It is designed to host about 500,000 texts and includes a variety of digital resources. The library also hosts workshops, lectures and book clubs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Look At The Ithra Library At The King Abdul Aziz Center For World Culture|url=https://www.abouther.com/node/9291/entertainment/art-books/look-ithra-library-king-abdul-aziz-center-world-culture|date=2018-03-30|website=About Her|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
The library is one of the larger and more modern in the region.<ref name=":13"/> It is designed to host about 500,000 texts and includes a variety of digital resources. The library also hosts workshops, lectures and book clubs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Look At The Ithra Library At The King Abdul Aziz Center For World Culture|url=https://www.abouther.com/node/9291/entertainment/art-books/look-ithra-library-king-abdul-aziz-center-world-culture|date=2018-03-30|website=About Her|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

⚫
'''Theater'''

In addition to hosting performances, the theater also organizes events intended to develop theater in Saudi Arabia, such as coaching and workshops. The theater is equipped with 900 seats occupying a total area of 10,000 square meters. The theater displays local and international plays and it offers theatrical training workshops.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Arabia’s Ithra reveals 2020 events calendar|url=https://arab.news/9n733|date=2020-02-21|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

== Programs ==
'''iRead'''

Ithra organizes an annual competition called iRead, which is designed to promote a love of reading and books. Young people are invited to compete by submitting essays and presentations about their favorite books. Those with the best submissions receive the opportunity to attend sessions and workshops to discuss books, listen to talks about literature and refine their own presentation skills. IRead culminates in an annual final and awards-ceremony.<ref>{{Cite web|title=iRead competition tries to revive reading habit|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/91266|date=2014-07-19|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

'''Tanween Creativity Season'''

Ithra organizes an annual season of events known as Tanween Creativity Season. The events are scheduled for the fall and feature international and regional experts and speakers who deliver talks, workshops and creative events. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Saudi Arabia’s Ithra announces 2nd edition of Tanween cultural season|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1533781/saudi-arabia|date=2019-08-01|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-08-06}}</ref> The term “Tanween” comes from a tiny diacritic mark in the Arabic alphabet which changes the meaning and pronunciation of words despite its seemingly minor size.<ref name=":7" />

'''iDiscover and iSpark'''

Ithra operates a series of educational initiatives under titles including iDiscover, iSpark and Ithra Incubator, which are aimed at both students and teachers and intended to present new ways of teaching and understanding the STEM subjects of math, science, engineering and technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IDiscover Program Launched|url=https://www.aramcoexpats.com/articles/idiscover-program-launched/|website=www.aramcoexpats.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

'''Art Prize'''

The Ithra Art prize is an initiative that took place in 2017 to support new Saudi artists in the international arena. The winning artist was awarded $100,000 to create a new commission.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Arabia’s Third Ithra Art Prize open for submissions|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1523476/saudi-arabia|date=2019-07-10|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-07-17}}</ref>


⚫
=== Theater ===
'''Saudi Bridges'''


Saudi Bridges is a project launched in conjunction with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The aim of the project is to showcase events in other countries featuring Saudi artists and performers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bridges art event narrows gap in understanding between KSA and US|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1275316/saudi-arabia|date=2018-03-28|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
In addition to hosting performances, the theater also organizes events intended to develop theater in Saudi Arabia, such as coaching and workshops. The theater is equipped with 900 seats occupying a total area of 10,000 square meters. The theater displays local and international plays and it offers theatrical training workshops.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Arabia's Ithra reveals 2020 events calendar|url=https://arab.news/9n733|date=2020-02-21|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>


== Collections and Publications ==
== Collections and publications ==
'''Museum Collections'''
'''Museum collections'''


Ithra has a small but growing collection of rare objects, some of which are on display. These include a folio from the [[Blue Qur'an|Blue Qur’an]] as well as a fragment of a manuscript of the [[Holy Qur'an|Holy Qur’an]] from about 750 CE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra’s Oldest Qur’an Manuscript {{!}} أقدم المخطوطات القرآنية في متحف إثراء|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0HlGCGdoK8|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
Ithra has a small but growing collection of rare objects, some of which are on display. These include a folio from the [[Blue Qur'an|Blue Qur’an]] as well as a fragment of a manuscript of the [[Holy Qur'an|Holy Qur’an]] from about 750 CE.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ithra's Oldest Qur'an Manuscript {{!}} أقدم المخطوطات القرآنية في متحف إثراء|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0HlGCGdoK8|last=|first=|date=|website=[[YouTube]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>


'''Publications'''
'''Publications'''


The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has conducted and published research. In 2015, the Center published a research report under the title: "Reading and the Knowledge Society" which sought to analyze Saudi reading habits. The research was carried out in conjunction with the [[Arrowad group|Arrowad]] group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrowad Group - King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture|url=http://arrowad.sa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102:king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture&catid=38&Itemid=803&lang=en|website=arrowad.sa|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has conducted and published research. In 2015, the center published a research report under the title "Reading and the Knowledge Society", which sought to analyze Saudi reading habits. The research was carried out in conjunction with the [[Arrowad group|Arrowad]] group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrowad Group - King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture|url=http://arrowad.sa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102:king-abdulaziz-center-for-world-culture&catid=38&Itemid=803&lang=en|website=arrowad.sa|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}
* [[List of things named after Saudi Kings]]
* [[List of things named after Saudi kings]]
*[[Tourism in Saudi Arabia]]
*[[Tourism in Saudi Arabia]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}{{coord missing|Saudi Arabia}}
{{reflist}}
{{coord missing|Saudi Arabia}}


[[Category:Museums in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Museums in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Dhahran]]
[[Category:Dhahran]]
⚫
[[Category:Proposed museums]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Saudi Arabia]]
⚫
[[Category:Dammam]]

Latest revision as of 00:36, 5 November 2024

King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture (Ithra)
Established1 December 2016; 8 years ago (2016-12-01)
TypeCultural center
FocusCulture, art, innovation, cross-cultural engagement, education, content creation, library, film, theater
Location
Key people
Abdullah Alrashid, Director
Websitewww.ithra.com/en/

The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture[1] (Arabic: مركز الملك عبد العزيز الثقافي العالمي), also known as Ithra (Arabic: إثراء, 'enrichment'[2]), is a cultural centre situated in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.[3] It was built by Saudi Aramco and inaugurated by King Salman bin Abdulaziz on December 1, 2016.[4]

It is operated by Saudi Aramco.[5] The center is located where the first commercial Saudi oilfield was found in March 1938.[6]

The center has a museum, library, cinema, theater, and exhibition halls.[6] It was designed by the Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta.[7] The center has been listed in Time magazine as one of the world's top 100 places to visit[1][8] and attracted one million visitors in 2019.[9]

Objective

[edit]

Ithra was established by Saudi Aramco, the national oil corporation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[10] The center's own stated aims is to “make a tangible and positive impact on human development by inspiring a passion for knowledge, creativity, and cross-cultural engagement for the future of the kingdom."[11][10] At the start of the project, the initiative behind Ithra was to diversify Saudi Arabia's economy since oil, which dominates the country's economy, is limited. As Ithra developed, the motive behind it evolved to becoming a center of education and heritage while also promoting innovation and creativity to enrich the cultural life in Saudi.[12]

The building

[edit]

The building covers 80,000 square meters with its shape being inspired by the internal structural shape of oil-bearing rock formations.[13] These rock formations are designed in a structure where three stones are on the ground while the fourth stone, the Keystone, is suspended and being carried by the other stones. This concept was executed to represent teamwork and how different components rely on one another.[14] The Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta designed the building and the UK professional services firm Buro Happold led the engineering design.[15]

The levels of the building are arranged thematically and intended to suggest a progression through the ages. Areas dealing with history and the past are at the lowest levels, beneath ground level and the ground floor dealing with the present. The higher levels are mainly situated in the structure known as the Knowledge Tower, with the intention being that the knowledge communicated in the tower's teaching rooms will equip citizens for the future.[16][17]

The location of Ithra was purposely chosen near Prosperity Well, which is Saudi Arabia’s first commercial oil well. The reason behind this was to show the shift from traditional energy sources like oil to energy from people’s spirits, capabilities, and creativity. Another strategic choice was using silver tubes to cover the structures which is similar to the pipes used to extract the oil.[12]

Regarding the environmental point of view, the building was designed in accordance with prevailing LEED standards to minimize adverse ecological impact.[15][18] For example, the plants in the surrounding gardens were selected from desert species and intended to minimize use of water and survive dry desert conditions.[13][18] They also used other strategies to maintain sustainable like harvesting rainwater, recycle 80% of its waste, and using portable water. In 2023, Ithra received LEED gold certificate after three years of maintaining its sustainability of the environment.[19]

[20]

In April 2018, the King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the 29th Arab League summit,[21] this was the first time the summit had been held in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.[20]

Exhibitions and events

[edit]

Theater

Ithra Theater's 900-seat auditorium has hosted international and regional performers.[22] The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a stated intention to showcase the best of international culture as well as the best of regional, Arab and Saudi talent.[23] As of May 2020 Ithra Theater has staged performances by the Mariinsky Theater Orchestra of Saint Petersburg, Russia;[24] the Vienna Chamber Orchestra, of Vienna, Austria;[25] La Scala of Milan, Italy;[26] and the Iraqi oud player Naseer Shamma.[27] In addition, Ithra has staged the Manganiyar Connection – featuring performers from Rajasthan, India;[28] the live stage version of the Wizard of Oz;[29] and Slava's Snowshow by the Russian clown and director Slava Polunin.[22]

Short-term exhibitions

The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has a dedicated area for short-term exhibitions, known as the Great Hall, and featuring copper paneling.[21] It has hosted an exhibition of original paintings by the Norwegian Expressionist artist Edvard Munch.[30] This exhibition included an original print of The Scream, made by the artist himself.[30] The hall has also hosted an exhibition of manuscripts by Leonardo da Vinci.[31] The grand opening of Ajyaal Gallery hosts the inaugural and imaginative Being Saudi exhibition by Kvorning Design, Copenhagen and built by Modelcraft Group, Riyadh. The exhibition allows visitors to engage with Saudi Arabian culture, across five different regions, and covers poetry, music, fashion and patterns in a non-traditional format. Conceived as an immersive visitor experience, Being Saudi communicates the kingdom's rich culture heritage in an innovative way.

Global Knowledge Society Forum

In 2013, The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture hosted the inaugural Global Knowledge Society Forum in partnership with UNESCO in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Over 500 delegates attended the forum to listen to global, regional and national experts from government, academia, civil society and the private sector and actively discuss and share current developments in the creation, acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in order to achieve sustainable human development.[32]

Facilities

[edit]

Museums

[edit]

The museum is situated on four levels and is arranged thematically into four galleries: contemporary art, Saudi heritage, Islamic civilization, and natural history and human ecology.[17] The contemporary art, heritage and Islamic civilization galleries operate non-permanent displays and change their exhibitions on a regular basis. From 2018 to 2020, the Islamic civilization gallery hosted an exhibition of Islamic art in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[33][34]

Film screenings

[edit]

Ithra Cinema is one of the first to be operational in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It displays a mix of movies, including popular international features, documentaries and independent arthouse-style features. Ithra also seeks to develop the Saudi film industry, through workshops, funding and training. In 2020, some films funded by Ithra were shown on Netflix as part of a content-sharing deal. These films were Wasati, directed by Ali Kalthami; Is Sumyati Going to Hell?, directed by Mishaal Aljaser; and Predicament in Sight, directed by Faris Godos.[35]

Ithra has also produced the feature film Hajjan, which premiered at Toronto International Film Festival, and was directed by Yomeddine director Abu Bakr Shawky. The film is influenced by American Westerns and is a coming of age story about a young man's camel race in Saudi Arabia.[36]

Energy Exhibit

[edit]

This exhibition is an introduction to the oil industry, energy – including renewables – ecology and technology.[37][38]

Ithra Library

[edit]
Ithra Library

The library is one of the larger and more modern in the region.[11] It is designed to host about 500,000 texts and includes a variety of digital resources. The library also hosts workshops, lectures and book clubs.[39]

Theater

[edit]

In addition to hosting performances, the theater also organizes events intended to develop theater in Saudi Arabia, such as coaching and workshops. The theater is equipped with 900 seats occupying a total area of 10,000 square meters. The theater displays local and international plays and it offers theatrical training workshops.[40]

Collections and publications

[edit]

Museum collections

Ithra has a small but growing collection of rare objects, some of which are on display. These include a folio from the Blue Qur’an as well as a fragment of a manuscript of the Holy Qur’an from about 750 CE.[41]

Publications

The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture has conducted and published research. In 2015, the center published a research report under the title "Reading and the Knowledge Society", which sought to analyze Saudi reading habits. The research was carried out in conjunction with the Arrowad group.[42]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Innovative Saudi cultural center showcases world-famous 'The Scream' artist's exhibition". Arab News. 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  2. ^ "About Ithra - Ithra". Ithra. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  3. ^ "King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture to make positive impact on human development". Arab News. 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  4. ^ "King Abdulaziz Centre To Open In Saudi Arabia This Summer". Harper's BAZAAR Arabia. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  5. ^ "The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture". www.saudiaramco.com. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  6. ^ a b "A House for the World - AramcoWorld". www.aramcoworld.com. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  7. ^ "King Abdulaziz Center Stages Grand Opening With d3-Powered Projection Mapping | Live Design". livedesignonline.com. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  8. ^ "King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture: The World's 100 Greatest Places of 2018". Time. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  9. ^ "'Ithra' events attract over a million visitors". Saudigazette. 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  10. ^ a b "King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture to make positive impact on human development". Arab News. 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  11. ^ a b "Ali Al-Mutairi, director of the King Abdul Aziz Center for World Culture". Arab News. 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2019-07-17.
  12. ^ a b "Ithra: Inside Saudi Arabia's Spaceship-Like Mega Museum". MOJEH. 2019-11-05. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  13. ^ a b Vivit-Tours (2019-07-24). "King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture – Saudi's mega museum". Kohler Designful. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  14. ^ "King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture / Snøhetta". ArchDaily. 2018-08-02. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  15. ^ a b "King Abdulaziz Centre for World Culture (Ithra) - Buro Happold". Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  16. ^ "A House for the World - AramcoWorld". www.aramcoworld.com. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  17. ^ a b "Saudi mega museum—King Abdulaziz Center in Dhahran—is finally moving ahead". www.theartnewspaper.com. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  18. ^ a b "The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture". www.saudiaramco.com. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  19. ^ "Saudi's Ithra project receives LEED Gold certification - Construction Week Online". Construction Week Online. 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
  20. ^ a b "6 Arab leaders absent from 29th Summit, Syria not on table". EgyptToday. 15 April 2018. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  21. ^ a b "IN PICTURES: Inside the Dhahran hall where Arab League Summit was held at". Al Arabiya English. 2018-04-15. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  22. ^ a b "Russian Slava brings on his clowning in sell-out show in Saudi Arabia". Arab News. 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  23. ^ "'A talent showcase': Ithra's cosmopolitan director outlines his strategy for the creative future of Saudi Arabia". Arab News. 2018-06-16. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  24. ^ "Russian Mariinsky Orchestra enthralls audience in Dhahran". Saudigazette. 2018-06-20. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  25. ^ "Ithra Archive".
  26. ^ "Opera Rigoletto dazzles Ithra audience". Saudigazette. 2019-09-28. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  27. ^ "Naseer Shamma to Hold First Oud Orchestra Concert in Saudi Arabia". Asharq AL-awsat. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  28. ^ "Manganiyar musical experience connects Saudi Arabia with ancient India". Arab News. 2018-11-17. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  29. ^ "We're Not in Kansas Anymore … The Wizard of Oz twists its way into Saudi Arabia's Ithra". Arab News. 2019-09-09. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  30. ^ a b "Ithra celebrates Edvard Munch: Landscapes of the Soul exhibition". Saudigazette. 2019-06-18. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  31. ^ "Shining a light on Leonardo da Vinci in Saudi Arabia". The National. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
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