Jump to content

Al Muqattam: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→History and profile: added sourced content and a section
Monkbot (talk | contribs)
Bots
3,695,952 edits
m Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);
 
(43 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Defunct Egyptian newspaper (1888–1954)}}
{{Short description|Egyptian newspaper (1888–1954)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox newspaper
{{Infobox newspaper
| logo =
| logo =
Line 15: Line 15:
| format =
| format =
| owner =
| owner =
| founder = Fares Nimr <br> Khalil Thabet <br> Anton Najib Matar
| founder = {{ubl|[[Faris Nimr]]|Khalil Thabet|Anton Najib Matar}}
| publisher =
| publisher =
| president =
| president =
| chiefeditor = Fares Nimr
| chiefeditor = Faris Nimr
| editor =
| editor =
| foundation = 18 April 1888
| foundation = 18 April 1888
| political =
| political =
| language = Arabic
| language = Arabic
| ceased publication = 11 November 1952 (last issue) <br> 26 May 1954 (ban)
| ceased publication = {{ubl|11 November 1952 (last issue) | 26 May 1954 (ban)}}
| relaunched =
| relaunched =
| headquarters = [[Cairo]]
| headquarters = [[Cairo]]
Line 36: Line 36:
| oclc =
| oclc =
}}
}}
'''''Al Muqattam''''' ([[Arabic]]: المقطم) was an Arabic newspaper which was published in Cairo, Egypt, between 1888 and 1952. It was one of the leading papers until its closure by the Egyptian government in 1954. The title of the paper was a reference to [[Mokattam|a range of hills]] outside Cairo.<ref name=rich/>
'''''Al Muqattam''''' ({{langx|ar|المقطم}}) was a newspaper which was published in Cairo, Egypt, between 1888 and 1952. It was one of the leading papers until its closure by the Egyptian government in 1954. The title of the paper was a reference to [[Mokattam|a range of hills]] outside Cairo.<ref name=rich/>


==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''Al Muqattam'' was first published on 18 April 1888.<ref name=ahram>{{cite news|title=133 عامًا على صدور جريدة المقطم.. صوت الاحتلال الإنجليزي في مصر|url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695392.aspx|access-date=13 February 2022 |work=Ahram Online|date=18 April 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|language=Arabic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418172355/https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695392.aspx}}</ref> It produced only three issues until 14 February 1889 when it became a daily newspaper.<ref name=ahram/> The founders were three Christians: Fares Nimr, Khalil Thabet and Anton Najib Matar.<ref name=rich>{{cite journal|pages=22, 30|author=Richard Hattemer|title=Ataturk and the reforms in Turkey as reflected in the Egyptian press|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|date=January 2000|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1093/jis/11.1.21|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/11.1.21}}</ref><ref name=ahram/> The paper was affiliated with the Al Muqtafa Foundation.<ref name=ahram/> The publishers were Syrian-origin Christians, Faris Nimr, Yaqub Sarruf and Shahin Makaryus.<ref name=marb/> Fares Nimr also served as the [[editor-in-chief]] of the paper from its start to his death in 1951.<ref name=ahram/>
''Al Muqattam'' was first published on 18 April 1888.<ref name=ahram>{{cite news|title=133 عامًا على صدور جريدة المقطم.. صوت الاحتلال الإنجليزي في مصر|url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695392.aspx|access-date=13 February 2022|work=Ahram Online|date=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|language=ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418172355/https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2695392.aspx}}</ref> The founders were three Christians: [[Faris Nimr]], Khalil Thabet and Anton Najib Matar.<ref name=rich>{{cite journal|author=Richard Hattemer|pages=22,30
|title=Ataturk and the reforms in Turkey as reflected in the Egyptian press|journal=[[Journal of Islamic Studies]]|date=January 2000|volume=11
|issue=1|doi=10.1093/jis/11.1.21}}</ref><ref name=ahram/> The establishment of the paper was supported by [[Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer|Lord Cromer]], colonial administrator of the British in Egypt.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Donald M. Reid|title=Farah Antun: The life and times of a Syrian Christian journalist in Egypt|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/302477754|page=119|oclc=49371914|id={{ProQuest|302477754}}
|year=1969|location=[[Princeton University]]|degree=PhD|isbn=9798658704937}}</ref> It produced only three issues until 14 February 1889 when it became a daily newspaper.<ref name=ahram/> The paper was affiliated with the Al Muqtafa Foundation.<ref name=ahram/> Its publishers were Syrian-origin Christians, Faris Nimr, [[Yaqub Sarruf]] and Shahin Makaryus.<ref name=marb/> The latter also published a masonic journal entitled ''[[Al Lataif]]'' in Cairo between 1885 and 1896.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Byron D. Cannon|title=Nineteenth-Century Arabic Writings on Women and Society: The Interim Role of the Masonic Press in Cairo - (al-Lataif, 1885-1895)|journal=[[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]
|year=1985|volume=17|issue=4|doi=10.1017/S0020743800029433|pages=463–484|s2cid=154672274}}</ref> Fares Nimr served as the [[editor-in-chief]] of ''Al Muqattam'' from its start to his death in 1951<ref name=ahram/> and also edited its political content.<ref name=native>{{cite journal
|title=The Native Press of Egypt|doi=10.1111/j.1478-1913.1917.tb01575.x|journal=The Muslim World|date=October 1917|volume=7|issue=4|pages=415–416}}</ref> In the early years Yaqub Sarruf edited the science content of the paper.<ref name=native/>


''Al Muqattam'' had three thousand subscribers in 1893.<ref name=step/> It was nearly six thousands like those of ''[[Al-Ahram]]'' and ''Al Mu'ayyad'' in 1897.<ref name=step/> The last issue of the paper was published on 11 November 1952.<ref name=ahram/> It was banned by the Minister of National Guidance led by [[Salah Salem]] on 26 May 1954.<ref name=ahram/>
''Al Muqattam'' had 3,000 subscribers in 1893.<ref name=step/> It was nearly six thousands like those of ''[[Al-Ahram]]'' and ''[[Al-Mu'ayyad (newspaper)|Al Mu'ayyad]]'' in 1897.<ref name=step/> The last issue of the paper was published on 11 November 1952.<ref name=ahram/> It was banned by the Minister of National Guidance led by [[Salah Salem]] on 26 May 1954.<ref name=ahram/>


==Content and political stance==
==Content and political stance==
The paper initially produced news based on the translations of the telegraph messages sent by the major news agencies such as [[Reuters]] and [[Havas]].<ref name=step>{{cite journal|author=Stephen Sheehi|title=Arabic Literary-Scientific Journals: Precedence for Globalization and the Creation of Modernity|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|date=2005|volume=25|issue=2|page=442-443, 445|doi=10.1215/1089201X-25-2-439
The paper initially produced news based on the translations of the telegraph messages sent by the major news agencies such as [[Reuters]] and [[Havas]].<ref name=step>{{cite journal|author=Stephen Sheehi|title=Arabic Literary-Scientific Journals: Precedence for Globalization and the Creation of Modernity|journal=[[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]]|year=2005|volume=25|issue=2|pages=442–443,445
|url=https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-25-2-439}}</ref> Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's work entitled ''Ma Hunalik'' was first published in the paper and serialized between 28 June 1895 and 8 February 1896.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Roger Allen|author-link=Roger Allen (translator)|title=Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's Coterie: The Context of "Ḥdith 'Isa ibn Hisham"|journal=Quaderni di Studi Arabi|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25802894|date=2000|volume=18|page=53
|doi=10.1215/1089201X-25-2-439|s2cid=143166875 }}</ref> In fact, ''Al Muqattam'' was the first Egyptian paper which obtained these messages from the leading news agencies, and its London correspondent was one of the editorial members of the British daily newspaper ''[[Daily Mail]]''.<ref name=native/> Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's work entitled ''Ma Hunalik'' was first published in the paper and serialized between 28 June 1895 and 8 February 1896.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Roger Allen|author-link=Roger Allen (translator)|title=Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's Coterie: The Context of "Ḥdith 'Isa ibn Hisham"|journal=Quaderni di Studi Arabi|year=2000|volume=18|page=53|jstor=25802894}}</ref> During the [[History of Egypt under the British|British occupation of Egypt]] between 1892 and 1914, ''Al Muqattam'' held a pro-British political stance.<ref>{{cite journal|issue=3
|author=Robert L. Tignor|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/773161|title=Book review|journal=The Middle East Journal|date=Autumn 2020|volume=74
⚫
|jstor=25802894}}</ref> During the British occupation of Egypt, namely between 1892 and 1914, ''Al Muqattam'' held a pro-British political stance.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Robert L. Tignor|title=Book review|journal=The Middle East Journal|date=Autumn 2020|volume=74|issue=3|page=466|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/773161}}</ref> Therefore, the paper was subject to frequent criticisms and allegations that it was financed by the British authorities.<ref name=marb>{{cite book|author=Marilyn Booth|author-link=Marilyn Booth|editor1=Hans Harder|editor2=Barbara Mittler
|page=466}}</ref><ref name=aida>{{cite thesis|author=Aida Ali Najjar|id={{ProQuest|288060869}}|title=The Arabic Press and Nationalism in Palestine, 1920-1948|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/288060869|isbn=9781083851468|location=[[Syracuse University]]|pages=21,41|degree=PhD
|title=Asian Punches|date=2013|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-642-28606-3|pages=271–275
⚫
|year=1975|author-link=Aida Najjar}}</ref> Therefore, the paper was subject to frequent criticism and allegations that it was financed by the British authorities.<ref name=marb>{{cite book|author=Marilyn Booth|author-link=Marilyn Booth|editor1=Hans Harder|editor2=Barbara Mittler
|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_12|chapter=What’s in a Name? Branding Punch in Cairo, 1908
|series=Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_12}}</ref> Due to these there were tensions between ''Al Muqattam'' and another Cairo-based newspaper ''[[Al-Mu'ayyad (newspaper)|Al Muayyad]]'' which supported the independence of Egypt.<ref name=marb/> A group led by Al Muayyad contributor Mustafa Kamil attacked the offices of ''Al Muqattam'' as a result of these conflicts.<ref name=kst14>{{cite thesis|author=Kristin Shawn Tassin|title=Egyptian nationalism, 1882-1919: Elite competition, transnational networks, empire, and independence|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28411|location=The University of Texas at Austin|page=64|degree=PhD|date=2014|hdl=2152/28411}}</ref> In addition the publishers of ''Al Muqattam'' were frequently mocked by the political satire magazine ''[[Al Siyassa Al Musawwara]]''.<ref name=marb/>
|title=Asian Punches|year=2013|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin; Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-642-28606-3|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_12|pages=271–275|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_12|chapter=What’s in a Name? Branding Punch in Cairo, 1908|series=Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context }}</ref> Due to these criticisms there were tensions between ''Al Muqattam'' and another Cairo-based newspaper ''[[Al-Mu'ayyad (newspaper)|Al Muayyad]]'' which supported the independence of Egypt.<ref name=marb/> A group led by ''Al Muayyad'' contributor [[Mustafa Kamil Pasha|Mustafa Kamil]] attacked the offices of ''Al Muqattam''.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Kristin Shawn Tassin|title=Egyptian nationalism, 1882-1919: Elite competition, transnational networks, empire, and independence|page=65|degree=PhD
|year=2014|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28411|location=[[University of Texas at Austin]]|hdl=2152/28411}}</ref> In addition, the publishers of ''Al Muqattam'' were frequently mocked by the political satire magazine ''[[Al Siyassa Al Musawwara]]''.<ref name=marb/> ''Al Muqattam'' and ''Al Ahram'' which had a pro-Ottoman stance also became opponents from 1889.<ref name=aida/>


''Al Muqattam'' began to support another event which also caused criticisms: migration of [[Jews]] to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref name=emab>{{cite journal|author=Emanuel Beška|journal=Asian and African Studies|title=Anti-Zionist Journalistic Works of Najīb al-Khūrī Naṣṣār in the Newspaper al-Karmal in 1914|date=2011|volume=20|issue=2
''Al Muqattam'' supported another event which also caused criticisms: migration of [[Jews]] to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref name=emab>{{cite journal|author=Emanuel Beška|journal=[[Asian and African Studies]]|title=Anti-Zionist Journalistic Works of Najīb al-Khūrī Naṣṣār in the Newspaper al-Karmal in 1914|year=2011|volume=20|issue=2|url=https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/091911221_Be%C5%A1ka.pdf|pages=167–190|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020415/https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/091911221_Be%C5%A1ka.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> In 1911 [[Nissim Malul]], a Zionist activist, began to work as the correspondent of ''Al Muqattam'' in [[Haifa]].<ref name=emab/><ref>{{cite journal|author=Eliezer Tauber|title=Jewish‐non‐Palestinian‐Arab negotiations: The first phase|journal=Israel Affairs|year=2000|volume=6|issue=3–4 |page=165|doi=10.1080/13537120008719577|s2cid=144487385}}</ref> The paper had a regular column on Palestine of which the editor was anonymous, and the articles were signed as “senior Zionist”.<ref name=salim>{{cite journal|author=Salim Tamari|title=Issa al Issa's Unorthodox Orthodoxy: Banned in Jerusalem, Permitted in Jaffa|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/e4f79aca31c1906ebeadd14644c6ab7d/1?cbl=616497&pq-origsite=gscholar
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020415/https://www.sav.sk/journals/uploads/091911221_Be%C5%A1ka.pdf|pages=167-190}}</ref> In 1911 [[Nissim Malul]], a Zionist activist, began to work as the correspondent of ''Al Muqattam'' in [[Haifa]].<ref name=emab/> The paper had a regular column on Palestine of which the editor was anonymous, and the articles were signed as “senior Zionist”.<ref name=salim>{{cite journal|author=Salim Tamari|title=Issa al Issa’s Unorthodox Orthodoxy: Banned in Jerusalem, Permitted in Jaffa|journal=Jerusalem Quarterly|date=2014|volume=59|page=30 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/e4f79aca31c1906ebeadd14644c6ab7d/1?cbl=616497&pq-origsite=gscholar}}</ref> [[Salim Tamari]], a Palestinian sociologist and writer, argues that the editor of the column was possibly [[Shimon Moyal]], a Jaffa-born writer and [[Zionism|Zionist]].<ref name=salim/> Following the end of the British rule in Egypt in 1914 ''Al Muqattam'' became known for its high-quality journalism and reformist stance.<ref name=rich/> In the early 1920s the paper frequently attacked Saudi ruler [[Ibn Saud]].<ref name=spress>{{cite book|editor1=Noureddine Miladi|editor2=Noha Mellor|title=Routledge Handbook on Arab Media|publisher=Routledge|year=2021|isbn=978-0-429-76292-5|location=London; New York|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kg0HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|author=Noha Mellor
|journal=Jerusalem Quarterly|year=2014|volume=59|page=30}}</ref> [[Salim Tamari]], a Palestinian sociologist and writer, argues that the editor of the column was possibly [[Shimon Moyal]], a Jaffa-born writer and [[Zionism|Zionist]].<ref name=salim/> Following the end of the British rule in Egypt in 1914, ''Al Muqattam'' became known for its high-quality journalism and reformist stance.<ref name=rich/> It was the first Arabic newspaper which published the text of the [[Balfour Declaration]] on 10 November 1917 which had been signed on 2 November.<ref name=aida/>

⚫
|page=328|chapter=The Saudi Press: The Combined Power of Wealth and Religion}}</ref> These attacks had very significant effects on him and led to the establishment of a paper, ''[[Umm Al-Qura (newspaper)|Umm Al Qura]]'', in Mecca in 1924 to counterweigh the negative propaganda of ''Al Muqattam''.<ref name=spress/> Towards the end of its lifetime ''Al Muqattam'' had mostly an independent editorial approach.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Helen A. Kitchen
In the early 1920s, ''Al Muqattam'' frequently attacked Saudi ruler [[Ibn Saud]].<ref name=spress>{{cite book|editor1=Noureddine Miladi
|title="Al-Ahram": The "Times" of the Arab World|journal=Middle East Journal|issue=2|date=April 1950|volume=4
|editor2=Noha Mellor|title=Routledge Handbook on Arab Media|publisher=Routledge|year=2021|isbn=978-0-429-76292-5|location=London; New York
|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4322163|page=168|jstor=4322163}}</ref>
⚫
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kg0HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|author=Noha Mellor|page=328|chapter=The Saudi Press: The Combined Power of Wealth and Religion}}</ref> These attacks had significant effects on Ibn Saud that he established a paper, ''[[Umm Al-Qura (newspaper)|Umm Al Qura]]'', in Mecca in 1924 to counterweigh the negative propaganda of ''Al Muqattam''.<ref name=spress/> Nimr's son-in-law and British embassy official Sir Walter Smart published many [[Pan-Arabism|pan-Arabist]] articles in the paper from the 1930s.<ref>{{cite book|author=Meir Zamir
|title=The Secret Anglo-French War in the Middle East. Intelligence and Decolonization, 1940-1948|year=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=39
|location=London; New York|isbn=978-1-315-76542-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVfqoAEACAAJ}}</ref> The paper was among the publications which celebrated the termination of the construction of the Suez Canal Zone Barracks in March 1939 which had been demanded by the British authorities.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Fouad Fahmy Shafik|title=The Press and Politics of Modern Egypt: 1798-1970. A Comparative Analysis of Causal Relationships|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303021068|location=New York University|degree=PhD|year=1981|id={{ProQuest|303021068}}
|isbn=9798661819062|pages=195–196}}</ref> Towards the end of its lifetime ''Al Muqattam'' had a relatively independent editorial approach.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Helen A. Kitchen|title="Al-Ahram": The "Times" of the Arab World|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]|issue=2|date=April 1950|volume=4|page=168|jstor=4322163}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal|Egypt|Journalism}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muqattam}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muqattam}}
[[Category:1888 establishments in Egypt]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in Egypt]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in Egypt]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in Egypt]]
[[Category:Arabic-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Defunct Arabic-language newspapers]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Egypt]]
[[Category:Banned newspapers]]
[[Category:Banned newspapers]]
[[Category:Censorship in Egypt]]
[[Category:Censorship in Egypt]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in Egypt]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in Egypt]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Egypt]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1888]]
[[Category:Publications established in 1888]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Cairo]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Cairo]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1954]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1954]]

Latest revision as of 03:35, 5 November 2024

Al Muqattam
Founder(s)
Editor-in-chiefFaris Nimr
Founded18 April 1888
LanguageArabic
Ceased publication
  • 11 November 1952 (last issue)
  • 26 May 1954 (ban)
HeadquartersCairo
CountryEgypt

Al Muqattam (Arabic: المقطم) was a newspaper which was published in Cairo, Egypt, between 1888 and 1952. It was one of the leading papers until its closure by the Egyptian government in 1954. The title of the paper was a reference to a range of hills outside Cairo.[1]

History and profile

[edit]

Al Muqattam was first published on 18 April 1888.[2] The founders were three Christians: Faris Nimr, Khalil Thabet and Anton Najib Matar.[1][2] The establishment of the paper was supported by Lord Cromer, colonial administrator of the British in Egypt.[3] It produced only three issues until 14 February 1889 when it became a daily newspaper.[2] The paper was affiliated with the Al Muqtafa Foundation.[2] Its publishers were Syrian-origin Christians, Faris Nimr, Yaqub Sarruf and Shahin Makaryus.[4] The latter also published a masonic journal entitled Al Lataif in Cairo between 1885 and 1896.[5] Fares Nimr served as the editor-in-chief of Al Muqattam from its start to his death in 1951[2] and also edited its political content.[6] In the early years Yaqub Sarruf edited the science content of the paper.[6]

Al Muqattam had 3,000 subscribers in 1893.[7] It was nearly six thousands like those of Al-Ahram and Al Mu'ayyad in 1897.[7] The last issue of the paper was published on 11 November 1952.[2] It was banned by the Minister of National Guidance led by Salah Salem on 26 May 1954.[2]

Content and political stance

[edit]

The paper initially produced news based on the translations of the telegraph messages sent by the major news agencies such as Reuters and Havas.[7] In fact, Al Muqattam was the first Egyptian paper which obtained these messages from the leading news agencies, and its London correspondent was one of the editorial members of the British daily newspaper Daily Mail.[6] Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's work entitled Ma Hunalik was first published in the paper and serialized between 28 June 1895 and 8 February 1896.[8] During the British occupation of Egypt between 1892 and 1914, Al Muqattam held a pro-British political stance.[9][10] Therefore, the paper was subject to frequent criticism and allegations that it was financed by the British authorities.[4] Due to these criticisms there were tensions between Al Muqattam and another Cairo-based newspaper Al Muayyad which supported the independence of Egypt.[4] A group led by Al Muayyad contributor Mustafa Kamil attacked the offices of Al Muqattam.[11] In addition, the publishers of Al Muqattam were frequently mocked by the political satire magazine Al Siyassa Al Musawwara.[4] Al Muqattam and Al Ahram which had a pro-Ottoman stance also became opponents from 1889.[10]

Al Muqattam supported another event which also caused criticisms: migration of Jews to Palestine.[12] In 1911 Nissim Malul, a Zionist activist, began to work as the correspondent of Al Muqattam in Haifa.[12][13] The paper had a regular column on Palestine of which the editor was anonymous, and the articles were signed as “senior Zionist”.[14] Salim Tamari, a Palestinian sociologist and writer, argues that the editor of the column was possibly Shimon Moyal, a Jaffa-born writer and Zionist.[14] Following the end of the British rule in Egypt in 1914, Al Muqattam became known for its high-quality journalism and reformist stance.[1] It was the first Arabic newspaper which published the text of the Balfour Declaration on 10 November 1917 which had been signed on 2 November.[10]

In the early 1920s, Al Muqattam frequently attacked Saudi ruler Ibn Saud.[15] These attacks had significant effects on Ibn Saud that he established a paper, Umm Al Qura, in Mecca in 1924 to counterweigh the negative propaganda of Al Muqattam.[15] Nimr's son-in-law and British embassy official Sir Walter Smart published many pan-Arabist articles in the paper from the 1930s.[16] The paper was among the publications which celebrated the termination of the construction of the Suez Canal Zone Barracks in March 1939 which had been demanded by the British authorities.[17] Towards the end of its lifetime Al Muqattam had a relatively independent editorial approach.[18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Richard Hattemer (January 2000). "Ataturk and the reforms in Turkey as reflected in the Egyptian press". Journal of Islamic Studies. 11 (1): 22, 30. doi:10.1093/jis/11.1.21.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "133 عامًا على صدور جريدة المقطم.. صوت الاحتلال الإنجليزي في مصر". Ahram Online (in Arabic). 18 April 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  3. ^ Donald M. Reid (1969). Farah Antun: The life and times of a Syrian Christian journalist in Egypt (PhD thesis). Princeton University. p. 119. ISBN 9798658704937. OCLC 49371914. ProQuest 302477754.
  4. ^ a b c d Marilyn Booth (2013). "What's in a Name? Branding Punch in Cairo, 1908". In Hans Harder; Barbara Mittler (eds.). Asian Punches. Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 271–275. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28607-0_12. ISBN 978-3-642-28606-3.
  5. ^ Byron D. Cannon (1985). "Nineteenth-Century Arabic Writings on Women and Society: The Interim Role of the Masonic Press in Cairo - (al-Lataif, 1885-1895)". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 17 (4): 463–484. doi:10.1017/S0020743800029433. S2CID 154672274.
  6. ^ a b c "The Native Press of Egypt". The Muslim World. 7 (4): 415–416. October 1917. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1917.tb01575.x.
  7. ^ a b c Stephen Sheehi (2005). "Arabic Literary-Scientific Journals: Precedence for Globalization and the Creation of Modernity". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 25 (2): 442–443, 445. doi:10.1215/1089201X-25-2-439. S2CID 143166875.
  8. ^ Roger Allen (2000). "Muhammad Al Muwaylihi's Coterie: The Context of "Ḥdith 'Isa ibn Hisham"". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 18: 53. JSTOR 25802894.
  9. ^ Robert L. Tignor (Autumn 2020). "Book review". The Middle East Journal. 74 (3): 466.
  10. ^ a b c Aida Ali Najjar (1975). The Arabic Press and Nationalism in Palestine, 1920-1948 (PhD thesis). Syracuse University. pp. 21, 41. ISBN 9781083851468. ProQuest 288060869.
  11. ^ Kristin Shawn Tassin (2014). Egyptian nationalism, 1882-1919: Elite competition, transnational networks, empire, and independence (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. p. 65. hdl:2152/28411.
  12. ^ a b Emanuel Beška (2011). "Anti-Zionist Journalistic Works of Najīb al-Khūrī Naṣṣār in the Newspaper al-Karmal in 1914" (PDF). Asian and African Studies. 20 (2): 167–190. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2020.
  13. ^ Eliezer Tauber (2000). "Jewish‐non‐Palestinian‐Arab negotiations: The first phase". Israel Affairs. 6 (3–4): 165. doi:10.1080/13537120008719577. S2CID 144487385.
  14. ^ a b Salim Tamari (2014). "Issa al Issa's Unorthodox Orthodoxy: Banned in Jerusalem, Permitted in Jaffa". Jerusalem Quarterly. 59: 30.
  15. ^ a b Noha Mellor (2021). "The Saudi Press: The Combined Power of Wealth and Religion". In Noureddine Miladi; Noha Mellor (eds.). Routledge Handbook on Arab Media. London; New York: Routledge. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-429-76292-5.
  16. ^ Meir Zamir (2015). The Secret Anglo-French War in the Middle East. Intelligence and Decolonization, 1940-1948. London; New York: Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-315-76542-6.
  17. ^ Fouad Fahmy Shafik (1981). The Press and Politics of Modern Egypt: 1798-1970. A Comparative Analysis of Causal Relationships (PhD thesis). New York University. pp. 195–196. ISBN 9798661819062. ProQuest 303021068.
  18. ^ Helen A. Kitchen (April 1950). ""Al-Ahram": The "Times" of the Arab World". The Middle East Journal. 4 (2): 168. JSTOR 4322163.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Al_Muqattam&oldid=1255474165"